Russian Journal of Plant Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Determining the Polyphenol Complex in Reynoutria japonica Houtt. by the Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method","authors":"M. P. Razgonova, E. I. Cherevach, N. S. Kirilenko, E. N. Demidova, K. S. Golokhvast","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606049","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The purpose of this work was to clarify the metabolomic composition of extracts, in particular, the presence of a polyphenol complex in extracts of the medicinal plant <i>Reynoutria japonica</i> Houtt<i>.</i>, belonging to the family Polygonaceae. Leaf and stem tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify target analytes in the extracts. A total of 31 chemical compounds have been identified, of which 18 compounds represent a polyphenolic complex. In addition to the identified secondary metabolites, some compounds were discovered for the first time, in particular, polyphenolic compounds: dihydrochalcone aspalathin, coumarin umbelliferone, lignan syringaresinol, as well as the flavones formononetin and gardenin B.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Traits of Melanized Thallus of the Cetraria islandica Lichen","authors":"A. G. Daminova, E. I. Galeeva, D. F. Rakhmatullina, L. V. Viktorova, F. V. Minibayeva","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606104","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Lichens are extremophilic symbiotic associations possessing phenomenal resistance to abiotic stress-factors. In this regard, melanization of thalli in response to UV is one of the mechanisms protecting lichens from excessive insolation. However, microstructure and biochemical properties of the melanized thalli are still poorly investigated. In the present study, morphological, nanomechanical, and physiological, and biochemical traits of naturally melanized thalli of the <i>Cetraria islandica</i> (L.) Ach. lichen were examined. In the upper cortex of its thallus, the nature of the pigment layer was verified using typical qualitative reactions for melanins. It was found that melanization leads to changes in microstructure of the upper cortex of the mycobiont, in particular, thickening of the cell walls and extension of the interhyphal space. The melanized and pale (nonmelanized) thalli were found to differ from each other in their nanomechanical properties, including the parameters of adhesion and rigidity. This implies the possible formation of complex associates of melanin with cell wall components in the melanized mycobiont. In addition, higher antioxidant activity and lower respiratory activity were found in the melanized thalli of <i>C. islandica</i> in comparison with the pale thalli. Presumably, the found modifications in the microstructure and nanomechanical, physiological, and biochemical properties of thalli occurring in the course of melanization make lichens more resistant to intense insolation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of Preparation Rich in Zn-Pheophytin from the Leaves of Wheat Triticum aestivum L.","authors":"M. S. Khristin, T. N. Smolova","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606116","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The aim of this work was to produce a preparation enriched in a zinc derivative of pheophytin from the excised leaves of winter wheat <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L<i>.</i> First, pheophytinization of chlorophyll was conducted, then phenolic compounds and Mg²⁺ were washed out from the leaves at рН 3.5–4.0 with the addition of EDTA-Na followed by incubation with ZnCl₂; the leaves were dried and stored in the dark. Zinc derivatives were extracted by a double treatment with ethanol. In order to improve the yield, metallization was repeated. By the results of spectrofluorimetric analysis and thin-layer chromatography, the obtained preparation corresponded to Zn-pheophytin <i>а</i> and <i>b</i>. Prospects of application of Zn-pheophytin preparation with antioxidant and antiviral activities are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141614762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenolic Compounds of Rhodiola algida (Ledeb.) Fisch. & C.A. Mey.: New Glycosides of Herbacetin, HPLC-MS Profile and Organ-Specific Distribution","authors":"D. N. Olennikov, A. S. Prokopyev","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724605998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724605998","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Phenolic compounds of the genus <i>Rhodiola</i> (<i>Crassulaceae</i>) are the subject of numerous studies. Still, most data are dedicated to analyzing roots and rhizomes and, therefore, the metabolites of above-ground organs have been understudied. <i>Rhodiola algida</i> (Ledeb.) Fisch. &amp; C.A. Mey. is a rare and under-investigated species of the genus growing in Altai-Sayan region. As a result of chromatographic separation of the metabolites of <i>R. algida</i> flower extract, 16 known compounds, including gallic acid, herbacetin glycosides, gossypetine, hibiscetin, quercetin, and kaempferol, as well as four new flavonoids (I–IV), were identified. The data of UV, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and chemical transformations demonstrated that the new compounds were herbacetin 7-<i>O</i>-β-D-glucopyranoside-8-<i>O</i>-(2′′′-<i>O</i>-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (rhodiolgin A, I), herbacetin 3-<i>O</i>-β-D-glucopyranoside-8-<i>O</i>-(2′′′-<i>O</i>-acetyl)-α-L-arabinopyranoside (rhodiolgin B, II), herbacetin 3-<i>O</i>-β-D-glucopyranoside-8-<i>O</i>-(4'''-<i>O</i>-acetyl)-α-L-arabinopyranoside (rhodiolgin C, III), and herbacetin 8-<i>O</i>-(4''-<i>O</i>-acetyl)-β-D-xylopyranoside (rhodiolgin D, IV). The use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry allowed the identification of 96 metabolites in <i>R. algida</i>; herbacetin and gossypetin glycosides were the dominant compounds. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of groups and individual compounds in various organs of <i>R. algida</i> were significantly different, indicating an organ-specific feature of the accumulation of phenolic compounds in the plant.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat Shock Proteins in Plant Immunity","authors":"T. N. Shafikova, L. A. Maksimova, Yu. V. Omelichkina","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606402","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are widely distributed among prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, and their function is not limited to protection from temperature exposure. HSPs are detected not only under broad-spectrum abiotic stress but also under biotic stress. They have a common universal role as chaperones to maintain the functioning of protein molecules. The review provides data indicating the participation of representatives of each HSP family in the development of plant defense responses against phytopathogens. HSPs are activated at different levels of plant protection from pathogens: both at the level of nonspecific pattern-activated and at the level of specific effector-activated immunity. Of no small importance is the interaction of HSPs with participants in cellular signaling cascade systems, exercising control over the correct and timely maturation, assembly, and, if necessary, degradation of protein molecules. Consideration of the participation of HSPs in plant immunity undoubtedly deserves the attention of specialists in the field of phytoimmunology.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation of Proline, Flavonoids, and Organic Acids in Cress Leaves under Conditions of Salt-Alkaline Stress","authors":"A. K. Chernysheva, O. Z. Eremchenko, K. I. Botalova","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606232","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The authors studied changes in the content of proline, flavonoids, and organic (malic, citric, succinic) acids in watercress plants (<i>Lepidium sativum</i> L.) at the initial stage of development of salt-alkaline stress. The two-factor experiment included variants with NaCl salinity (50, 100, 150, 200 mM), alkalinity (at pH = 7–10) and variants of combined effects of salt and pH. The separate and mutual effects of stress factors on changes in the height and weight of the above-ground parts of plants; water, Na⁺, proline, flavonoids, content; and total organic acids in the leaves were determined using two-factor analysis of variance with determining the strength of influence according to Snedecor. Changes in the height and weight of watercress were minimal 24 and 48 h after stress exposure, and the strength of the influence of stress factors was no more than 4–7%. The water content of watercress leaves has decreased; these changes are due to the separate and mutual effects of NaCl salinity and high pH values by 35–53%. A noticeable accumulation of Na⁺ was observed in the leaves of watercress; its content in the first hours of observation depended on the individual influence of stress factors. After 24 h, the amount of Na⁺ in leaves increased several times relative to the control, the indicators of individual and mutual influence of salt-alkaline stress factors reached 31–33%. The accumulation of proline in leaves depended to a greater extent on salinity and the mutual action of stress factors (influence within 26–33%). The influence of high pH values did not exceed 21%. A slight accumulation of flavonoids was noted only 1 h after stress exposure. It was found that the increase in the total content of citric, malic, and succinic acids depended equally on the individual and mutual influence of factors; the total effect of NaCl salinity and high pH values reached 97–99%. Thus, under conditions of salt-alkaline stress, the accumulation of organic acids and proline is the basis of adaptation processes in watercress.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolated Green Root Cultures of Triticum aestivum L. Capable of Unlimited Growth on Hormone-Free Nutrient Media","authors":"V. M. Alexandrova, G. R. Gumerova, Kh. G. Musin, Z. A. Berezhneva, A. A. Galimova, B. R. Kuluev","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606050","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>When cultivating calli generated from mature germs of spring bread wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.), variety Fisht, spontaneous regeneration of chlorophyll-containing green roots sometimes occurred. When isolated from callus, these roots were capable of unlimited growth on hormone-free nutrient media, similar to cultures of hairy roots of dicotyledonous plants. Ordinary wheat roots did not grow under these conditions, while green roots continued to grow even when exposed to 100 mM NaCl. Typical chloroplasts were found in the parenchyma cells of green wheat roots. Approximately equal amounts of chlorophyll <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> were found in green wheat roots; however, their total content was tens of times less than in the leaves. Green roots were characterized by a higher proline content and higher activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase than ordinary wheat roots, both under normal and under salinity conditions. Green roots may provide an alternative to hairy roots, which are very difficult to generate from grasses and other monocots, for use in both basic research and applied applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Growth and Accumulation of Polyphenolic Compounds in Callus Cultures of Lavandula angustifolia Mill.","authors":"P. A. Ivanov, V. A. Khabarov, D. A. Nekrasova, N. S. Pivovarova, A. K. Whaley, M. N. Povydysh","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606001","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Characteristics of cell growth and the composition of polyphenolic compounds in callus cultures of <i>Lavandula angustifolia</i> Mill. grown on various nutrient media were determined. The addition of phytohormones to the nutrient medium is a productive biotechnological approach to regulation of secondary metabolite synthesis. The presence of α-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and kinetin in growth media was found to facilitate the accumulation of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins) in many cases. For each nutrient medium, growth curves were plotted and growth parameters were calculated. Analysis by means of the reverse phase HPLC combined with UV spectrophotometric detection revealed that rosmarinic acid is a major compound in all samples of lavender callus cultures. The patterns of rosmarinic acid accumulation were determined as a function of light availability and the composition of the nutrient medium. Among the four media examined, the medium containing 2.0 mg/L α-NAA and 0.1 mg/L BAP ensured the highest values of growth parameters and rosmarinic acid content (1.26 ± 0.13%).</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition of Essential Oils in the Peel of Lemon, cv. Tashkentskii, Grown in Protected Ground in Different Natural and Climatic Zones","authors":"N. V. Ivanov, D. S. Anikina, A. V. Navrov","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606013","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The content and qualitative composition of essential oils obtained from the peel of lemon (<i>Citrus × limon</i> (L.) <i>Osbeck</i>), cv. Tashkentskii, was investigated by means of hydrodistillation using a modified Ginzberg’s collector. A principle of single distinction was applied: lemon plants were grown in protected ground in different natural and climatic zones: Moscow and Ufa (Republic of Bashkortostan). A slight variability in the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen and mobile phosphorus and potassium in highly fertile ground of greenhouses belonging to the groups of high and elevated supply of nutrients was disregarded. Under optimal parameters of microclimate, the potential yield of plants depends on arrival of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on the condition of clear sky thorough the whole vegetation period; it is reasonable that we detected an effect of light flux intensity on the content of components in essential oils of citrus plants grown in year-round span-roof greenhouses in daylight with latitudinal disposition. A high total content of essential oil was detected in the peel of fruit grown in the greenhouse in Ufa. The location of this cultivation facility ensured a great PAR value (by clear sky), which affected chemical composition of citrus fruit. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of essential oils showed an identically high level of D-limonene concentration in the peel of lemons grown in protected ground of different natural and climatic zones. Content of monoterpene hydrocarbons and esters was greater in the peel of fruit, cv. Tashkentskii, grown in the greenhouse of Edelstein Horticulture and Vegetable-Growing Center (Moscow). The level of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, alcohols, and aldehydes was higher in the peel of lemon, cv. Tashkentskii, cultivated in the greenhouse of Forestry Engineering College (Ufa). The obtained data are accounted for by cultivar specificity and growing conditions exerting an influence on qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oils.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Passage and Characteristics of Melissa officinalis L. Callus Cell Cultures","authors":"N. A. Yegorova, O. V. Yakimova, I. V. Belova","doi":"10.1134/s1021443724606037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1021443724606037","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The morphological, cytophysiological, and biochemical (formation of phenolic compounds) characteristics of the population of callus cultures cells of lemon balm (<i>Melissa</i> <i>officinalis</i> L.), a valuable medicinal and essential oil plant, were studied. Callus cultures were obtained from explants of hypocotyls and cotyledons of seedlings in vitro and were grown for more than 1.5 years (19 cultivation passages). The increase in callus weight did not differ significantly during the first seven passages; however, with further subcultivation, the intensity of crop growth (callus weight at the end of the growing cycle) increased. The maximum increase in callus was observed in passages 17–19: the growth indices of calli initiated from cotyledons and hypocotyls reached 13.7 and 11.5, respectively, which is 3.0–3.4 times higher than in the first cycles of crop cultivation. The obtained data indicate the possibility of long-term subcultivation of callus cultures of lemon balm cells, during which autoselection of cells occurs based on growth intensity. The dynamics of callus growth, density and viability of the cell population, and the ratio of various cell types in the culture growth cycle were determined for cell culture <i>M. officinalis</i> for the first time. The duration of the main phases of cell population growth has been established: lag phase from 1 to 6 days; growth acceleration phase from 6 to 10 days. The exponential growth phase took place from 10 to 14 days and was characterized by a high specific growth rate µ = 0.21 days^–1 From days 14 to 20, fixed phase of slowing down the growth of the culture (µ = 0.05 days^–1), which gave way to a phase of linear growth (20–30 days, µ = 0.08 days^–1) and stationary phase (30–40 days of the growth cycle). Thus, a “stepwise” character of culture growth has been established, which may be due to the presence in the culture of subpopulations of cells with different growth rates. During the initial screening, flavonoids and phenolcarboxylic acids were identified in calli of leaf origin in quantities comparable to leaves of intact plants, which indicates preservation of in vitro cells ability to form secondary metabolites and the prospects for further research in this direction.</p>","PeriodicalId":21477,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Plant Physiology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}