IRPN: Innovation & Environmental Economics (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"The Dynamic Importance of Property/Home Preservation Companies on the Environment in USA","authors":"Moureen Masika","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3476508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3476508","url":null,"abstract":"This paper bases on the per-existing poor living conditions in the USA. Identified are personal counts of how badly people are living are, these counts range from young people just starting out to senior citizens trying to age gracefully in their homes. 38 percent of households statewide live in un affordable housing, spending more than 30 percent of their income on monthly housing payments and utilities hence completely ignore preservation of the properties. The paper then goes on to show how the failure to preserve properties/homes is affecting the environment. This destroys the environment with high levels of waste that keep growing year in year out from poor disposal of garbage leading to air, water and soil pollution. Recommendation is then made to provide a solution to this strain on the environment which is the use property/home preservation companies to save the environment and prevent further damage (the fast track to global warming). Property/home preservation helps promote and sustain mixed income communities by ensuring the ongoing availability of quality, affordable properties. This helps people save more money to live environmentally friendly lives and reduces pollution with in the country. Property preservation companies also help recycle waste that could have otherwise caused soil deterioration and air pollution (Environmental hazards).<br>","PeriodicalId":214646,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Environmental Economics (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121861419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decentralized Environmental Regulations and Plant-Level Productivity","authors":"Vivek Ghosal, Andreas Stephan, Jan F. Weiss","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3243072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3243072","url":null,"abstract":"Using a unique plant-level dataset we examine total factor productivity (TFP) growth and its components, related to efficiency change and technical change. The data we use is from Sweden and for their pulp and paper industry, which is heavily regulated due to its historically large contribution to air and water pollution. Our paper contributes to the broader empirical literature on the Porter Hypothesis, which posits a positive relationship between environmental regulation and “green” TFP growth of firms. Our exercise is innovative as Sweden has a unique regulatory structure where the manufacturing plants have to comply with plant-specific regulatory standards stipulated at the national level, as well as decentralized local supervision and enforcement. Our key findings are: (1) prudential regulation limits expansion of plants with high initial pollution; (2) regulation, however, is not conducive to plants’ “green” technical change, which provides evidence against the recast version of the Porter Hypothesis; (3) decentralized command-and-control regulation is prone to regulatory bias, entailing politically motivated discriminatory treatment of plants with otherwise equal characteristics.","PeriodicalId":214646,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Environmental Economics (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128072879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reorienting Finance Towards Energy Efficiency: The Case of UK Housing","authors":"Noam Bergman, T. Foxon","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3109500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3109500","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the challenges associated with stimulating large-scale investment in energy efficiency and demand management measures, using residential energy efficiency improving retrofits in the UK as a case study. We consider how issues of energy policy, consumer choice and financial systems intersect, drawing on recent literature including energy policy documents and research reports, and on interviews with stakeholders from the finance sector, energy efficiency practitioners and more. We suggest that following the withdrawal of the Green Deal, there is a need to reconsider the framing of policy for household energy efficiency improvements, and examine three potential aspects of a new framing: energy efficiency as infrastructure; new business and financing models for energy efficiency provision; and decentralised financing institutions for energy efficiency investment. \u0000 \u0000This would require a long-term commitment from government on energy efficiency, and a need to ensure that projects are attractive and investable from both householders and investors’ perspectives. We conclude that there are important roles for government in any large scale initiative for energy efficient retrofitting of UK homes, even if the mechanisms are market based. These includes signalling long-term policy consistency and reducing risks for financial investment, and intermediating between finance and energy efficiency projects.","PeriodicalId":214646,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Environmental Economics (Topic)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124898546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing Transboundary Cooperation in the Eastern Nile Through the Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Insights from an E-Survey and Key Informant Interviews","authors":"Helen Berga, C. Ringler, E. Bryan, Hagar ElDidi, Sara Elnasikh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3070116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3070116","url":null,"abstract":"The Nile is the lifeblood of northeastern Africa, and its roles for and interdependency with the national economies it traverses and binds together grow as it moves from source to sea. With rapid economic development—population growth, irrigation development, rural electrification, and overall economic growth—pressures on the Nile’s water resources are growing to unprecedented levels. These drivers of change have already contributed to stark changes in the hydropolitical regime, and new forms of cooperation and cross-sectoral collaboration are needed, particularly in the Eastern Nile Basin countries of Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, and South Sudan. As direct sharing of water resources is hampered by unilateral developments, the need has increased for broader, cross-sectoral collaboration around the water, energy, and food sectors. This study is conducted to assess and understand the challenges of and opportunities for cooperation across the water-energy-food nexus nationally in Egypt, Ethiopia, and Sudan, as well as regionally across the Eastern Nile. To gather data, the paper uses an e-survey supplemented with key informant interviews geared toward national-level water, energy, and agriculture stakeholders, chiefly government staff and researchers. Findings from the survey tools suggest that most respondents strongly agree that collaboration across the water, energy, and agriculture sectors is essential to improve resource management in the region. At the same time, there is ample scope for improvement in collaboration across the water, energy, and food sectors nationally. Ministries of water, energy, and food were identified as the key nexus actors at national levels; these would also need to be engaged in regional cross-sectoral collaboration. Respondents also identified a wide range of desirable cross-sectoral actions and investments—both national and regional—chiefly, joint planning and operation of multipurpose infrastructure; investment in enhanced irrigation efficiency; joint rehabilitation of upstream catchments to reduce sedimentation and degradation; and investment in alternative renewable energy projects, such as wind and solar energy.","PeriodicalId":214646,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Environmental Economics (Topic)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130297463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Market Power and Instrument Choice in Climate Policy","authors":"Bell Mbea, Sylvain Dessy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3175319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3175319","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares a clean energy standard (CES) and a carbon tax (CT), using theory and quantitative experiments. A two-stage duopolistic competition in the electricity sector between a polluting plant and its non-polluting rival anchors the model underlying these experiments. The CT induces both plants to contribute to clean electricity, whereas the CES only incentivizes the non-polluting plant. Ultimately, what matters for the ranking of these instruments is the size of the pre-existing competitive gap between the two rival plants. When this gap is sufficiently small, the CES becomes the more cost-effective instrument, irrespective of the pre-specified emissions reduction target.","PeriodicalId":214646,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Environmental Economics (Topic)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126792151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-Efficient Innovation and Firm Size: How Different Firms Respond to Different Institutional Pressures","authors":"L. Grilli, P. Garrone, Boris Mrkajic","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3105311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3105311","url":null,"abstract":"Relying on the institutional and innovation theory, we argue that the institutional features of countries are significantly influencing energy-efficient innovation (EEI) activities, a relevant and peculiar type of environmental innovation. An analysis of a cross-sectional sample of more than 15,800 firms from nine European countries, drawn from the 2006-2008 Community Innovation Survey, confirms the hypothesis that regulatory and normative pressures spur the adoption of EEIs. Moreover, large firms emerge to respond to both pressures more than SMEs, yet the moderating role of firm size is found to be contingent on the type of EEI. In particular, large firms respond with more product EEIs when the normative pressures are strong, while they generate more process EEIs when regulatory pressures are high.","PeriodicalId":214646,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Environmental Economics (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129322729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fossil Energy in Economic Growth: A Study of the Energy Direction of Technical Change, 1950-2012","authors":"G. Semieniuk","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2795424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2795424","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change mitigation challenges national economies to increase productivity while reducing fossil energy consumption. Fossil energy-saving technical change has been as- sumed to accomplish this, yet empirical evidence is scarce. This paper investigates the long-run relationship between the rate and direction of technical change with respect to fossil energy and labor in the world economy. Growth rates of labor productivity and the fossil energy-labor ratio are examined for more than 95% of world output be- tween 1950 and 2012. The average elasticity of the energy-labor ratio with respect to labor productivity is close to one, implying highly energy-using technical change, but no trade-o between factor productivity growth rates. This stylized fact suggests the importance of a cheap, abundant energy supply for robust global growth, and a more important role for renewable energy. Integrated assessment models do not incorporate this restriction which may result in poorly speci ed baseline scenarios.","PeriodicalId":214646,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Environmental Economics (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129899769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What are the Determinants of Investment in Environmental R&D?","authors":"M. Costa-Campi, J. García‐Quevedo, E. Martínez‐Ros","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2958827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2958827","url":null,"abstract":"To face the challenges posed by climate change, environmental RD yet, investment in environmental R&D remains below the social optimum. The aim of this paper is to analyse the determinants of investment in environmental innovation and to detect the differences, if any, with the determinants of investment in general innovation. In addition, this paper examines the relationship between environmental innovation R&D expenditure and a range of policy instruments, including environmental regulation and other policy measures including R&D subsidies and environmental taxes. The empirical analysis is carried out for 22 manufacturing sectors in Spain for the period 2008–2013. To overcome problems of data availability, we construct a comprehensive database from different surveys. The main implications from our results are (1). Managerial strategy appears as a relevant driver of environmental R&D investments. (2) The establishment of a policy mix between environmental, energy and technological regulatory measures is recommended. (3) The promotion of self-regulation through actions that encourage companies to follow a policy that affects their energy efficiency and is environmentally friendly.","PeriodicalId":214646,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Environmental Economics (Topic)","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115454704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change — Challenges for Trade, Innovation, and Governance","authors":"S. Laestadius","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2745449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2745449","url":null,"abstract":"The problematique in focus for this paper is the following: what are the consequences of climate change – and climate change mitigation/adaption policies – for globalization? And to what extent is the globalized economy part of the problem or part of the solution?The paper is structured as follows. Section 2 recapitulates the emergence of the global economy and its relation to modernity followed by section 3 which provides a descriptive statistical analysis of the role of carbon in the globalized world that has emerged since around 1820. Section 4 is focused on the mechanisms of climate change and the planetary boundaries within which the world economy has to develop if there will be a fair chance to stay within the oftenly declared international 2°C target. In section 5 there is first an analysis of the cornerstones of trade theory and their relation to climate change, and secondly an analysis of the positions among \"concerned\" economists and trade theorists on that topic. Section 6 contains reflections on the policy challenges in a world that has to put more emphasis on climate change mitigation. Section 7, finally, concludes.","PeriodicalId":214646,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Environmental Economics (Topic)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129331162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Facets of Quality. A Multiple Case Study of Green Cosmetic Manufacturers","authors":"Inma Durán, A. Bikfalvi, J. Llach","doi":"10.26595/EAMR.2014.1.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26595/EAMR.2014.1.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the recent concern about social, environmental and economic perspectives of sustainability, the issue is relatively under-researched and very little is known about the drivers of sustainability. There is no doubt that innovation is one of those drivers. The aim of the present article is to analyse the technological (product and process) and non-technological (marketing and organisational) innovation, R&D strategy, marketing and competitiveness position of the chemical companies that are engaged in the manufacture of green, natural or conventional cosmetics with the ultimate aim of achieving high quality products and business excellence. The study reported here is qualitative in approach and uses empirical evidence from six case studies representing companies located in Catalonia, Spain, one of the main cosmetic producers of Europe. The results are discussed in the light of structural and managerial perspectives with the aim of drawing implications for both practitioners and policy-makers.","PeriodicalId":214646,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Environmental Economics (Topic)","volume":"360 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122768086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}