Schizophrenia Research最新文献

{"title":"Effects of an unguided self-help intervention for distressing auditory verbal hallucinations in a heterogenous sample of voice hearers: A randomized controlled trial and explorative cluster analysis","authors":"Laura Fässler ,&nbsp;Steffen Moritz ,&nbsp;Fabienne Schories ,&nbsp;Malek Bajbouj ,&nbsp;Christine Knaevelsrud ,&nbsp;Kerem Böge","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Clinical care and research need to improve treatment availability for auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). To provide further evidence, we examined the efficacy of an unguided six-weeks self-help intervention for AVH (MCT_Voice) based on metacognitive training.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>N</em> = 78 participants with distressing AVH were recruited from clinical and non-clinical settings. We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that compared the MCT_Voice with a waitlist control group (WL_control), both receiving additional treatment-as-usual. Outcomes were the frequency and distress of AVH, general hallucinatory and psychiatric symptoms, quality of life, and satisfaction with the intervention, following an intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) principle. Besides, we conducted an explorative cluster analysis to examine subgroups of voice hearers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found no significant differences between the groups on the frequency and distress of AVH. However, general hallucinatory experiences were significantly reduced in the MCT_Voice compared to the WL_control group in PP-data (<em>F</em>(3,48) = 39.51, <em>p</em> <em>=</em> .038, η²_p = 0.09). No other between group comparisons were significant. The cluster analysis revealed a two-cluster solution with a higher (<em>type 1</em>) and a lower (<em>type 2</em>) symptom burden group, with higher values of clinical and AVH characteristics in cluster 1. Besides, participants in cluster 1 showed significantly greater improvements in AVH compared to cluster 2 (<em>F</em>(1,44) = 7.97; <em>p</em> = .007, η²_p = 0.15).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Even though we found no effect of the MCT_Voice on the main outcome, results showed promising outcomes on general hallucinatory experiences in PP data. The identification of AVH clusters could contribute to implement individualized interventions that target specific characteristics and needs of voice hearers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"283 ","pages":"Pages 36-47"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences, social functioning deficits and comorbid clinical symptoms among individuals with psychotic disorders: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Sara Abou Chabake ,&nbsp;Isabelle Daigneault ,&nbsp;Charles-Edouard Giguère ,&nbsp;Signature Consortium ,&nbsp;Tania Lecomte","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs; e.g., sexual and physical abuse, exposure to intimate partner violence) are significant risk factors for developing psychosis and persistent psychotic disorders. Limited research has explored the influence of ACEs on the social functioning and comorbid clinical symptoms (depression, anxiety, and substance misuse) of individuals with psychotic disorders (PD) throughout their illness. This prospective cohort study aimed to determine whether the social functioning deficits and comorbid clinical symptoms of people with psychotic disorders varied over one year after psychiatric hospital admission, depending on the presence or absence of ACEs. Between 2012 and 2020, data were gathered by the Signature Biobank of the <em>Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal</em> for individuals hospitalized for psychotic symptoms (<em>N</em> = 970). Self-reported measures were used at four measurement times. Findings from the mixed-effects model for repeated measures revealed lower global social functioning and higher scores of depression, anxiety, and substance misuse over time for the psychotic disorder group with ACEs compared to the psychotic disorder group without ACEs. Implications for psychosis treatment with trauma-informed adaptations are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"283 ","pages":"Pages 27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased excitation enhances the sound-induced flash illusion by impairing multisensory causal inference in the schizophrenia spectrum","authors":"Renato Paredes ,&nbsp;Francesca Ferri ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Romei ,&nbsp;Peggy Seriès","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spectrum of schizophrenia is characterised by an altered sense of self with known impairments in tactile sensitivity, proprioception, body-self boundaries, and self-recognition. These are thought to be produced by failures in multisensory integration mechanisms, commonly observed as enlarged temporal binding windows during audiovisual illusion tasks. To our knowledge, there is an absence of computational explanations for multisensory integration deficits in patients with schizophrenia and individuals with high schizotypy, particularly at the neurobiological level. We implemented a multisensory causal inference network to reproduce the responses of individuals who scored low in schizotypy in a simulated double flash illusion task. Next, we explored the effects of recurrent excitation, cross-modal and feedback weights, and synaptic density on the visual illusory responses of the network. Using quantitative fitting to empirical data, we found that an increase in the weights of the recurrent excitatory connectivity in the network enlarges the temporal binding window and increases the overall proneness to experience the illusion, matching the responses of individuals scoring high in schizotypy. Moreover, we found that an increase in excitation increases the probability of inferring a common cause from the stimuli. We propose an E/I imbalance account of reduced temporal discrimination in the SCZ spectrum and discuss possible links with Bayesian theories of schizophrenia. We highlight the importance of adopting a multisensory causal inference perspective to address body-related symptomatology of schizophrenia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"283 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of a psychosis consultation service: Early lessons from a statewide initiative","authors":"Sümeyra N. Tayfur,&nbsp;Laura A. Yoviene Sykes,&nbsp;Cenk Tek,&nbsp;Vinod H. Srihari","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In February 2024, the Program for Specialized Treatment Early in Psychosis (STEP) in Connecticut launched the STEP Learning Collaborative (STEP-LC), a statewide learning health system. As part of this initiative, STEP-LC introduced a free consultation service to support clinicians, administrators, and healthcare leaders in the continuing care of young people with recent-onset psychosis (ages 16–35). As the only coordinated specialty care (CSC) clinic in the state offering this provider-to-provider service, STEP aims to address clinical and systemic challenges by providing expert guidance on medication management, psychotherapy, family engagement, and program development. Consultations are requested through a brief online form publicly available on the STEP-LC <span><span>website</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>. Experts at STEP aim to respond within one business day to initiate discussions regarding the identified case. The service is designed to be flexible, offering one-on-one meetings, integrating consultations into existing team meetings at the requesters' agencies, and allowing outside organizations to observe STEP operations. To date, 26 consultations have been completed: 24 within the state and 2 from out-of-state. Within-state requests primarily involved direct clinical issues, such as treatment planning, transitions of care, and family support strategies. Out-of-state consultations focused on broader systemic needs, including the development of new early psychosis programs and collaborative networks. Feedback from consultees highlights the value of the service in enhancing the quality and accessibility of psychosis care. This initiative underscores the importance of leveraging specialized expertise to support both individual and systemic efforts in early psychosis intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"282 ","pages":"Pages 198-202"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food and nutrition insecurity among individuals with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders","authors":"Michael T. Compton","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food insecurity is a prominent, modifiable driver of poor diet quality and medical comorbidities like overweight/obesity, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. High rates of these conditions among individuals with psychotic disorders are due to complex factors, including poor access to healthy food. Those with psychotic disorders and other forms of serious mental illnesses have a very high prevalence of food insecurity (i.e., being without reliable access to enough food) and nutrition insecurity (i.e., poor access to nutritious food in particular). Access to healthy food and diet quality are not equally distributed; some groups face much greater disadvantages than others. Individuals with psychotic disorders should be screened for food and nutrition insecurity, evaluated further in the context of a positive screening, and referred to local resources where food-related needs can be addressed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"283 ","pages":"Pages 21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hippocampal volume in affective and non-affective psychosis","authors":"Katie Gibbs ,&nbsp;Maureen McHugo ,&nbsp;Alexandra Moussa-Tooks ,&nbsp;Neil D. Woodward ,&nbsp;Stephan Heckers ,&nbsp;Maxwell J. Roeske","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hippocampal volume change in non-affective psychotic disorders begins in the anterior region and spreads to the posterior region as the illness progresses. It is unclear whether similar hippocampal volume changes are present in affective psychosis. Here, we test the hypothesis that anterior and posterior hippocampal volumes are differentially affected in affective psychosis. We also investigated the prevalence of a marker of atypical hippocampal development, incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI), and its impact on hippocampal volume in affective psychosis. We analyzed total, anterior, and posterior hippocampal volumes using automated segmentation of structural MRI data from 103 affective psychosis, 242 non-affective psychosis, and 214 healthy control individuals. Compared to healthy participants, individuals with affective psychosis exhibited smaller posterior hippocampal volumes. The two psychosis patient groups did not differ significantly in total or regional hippocampal volumes. IHI prevalence and severity were greater in individuals with non-affective and affective psychosis. Our findings suggest hippocampal volume is reduced in the posterior, but not anterior, hippocampus in affective psychosis and that IHI may be a marker for an increased risk of developing psychosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"283 ","pages":"Pages 11-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating the development of a psychological intervention to restore treatment decision-making capacity in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder: An umbrella trial","authors":"Paul Hutton ,&nbsp;Christopher D.J. Taylor ,&nbsp;James Kelly ,&nbsp;Richard Emsley ,&nbsp;Anvita Vikram ,&nbsp;Candy Ho Alexander ,&nbsp;Andrea McCann ,&nbsp;David Saddington ,&nbsp;Emma Eliasson ,&nbsp;Joseph Burke ,&nbsp;Sean Harper ,&nbsp;Thanos Karatzias ,&nbsp;Peter J. Taylor ,&nbsp;Andrew Watson ,&nbsp;Nadine Dougall ,&nbsp;Jill Stavert ,&nbsp;Suzanne O'Rourke ,&nbsp;Angela Glasgow ,&nbsp;Regina Murphy ,&nbsp;Karen Palmer ,&nbsp;Amanda Woodrow","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Many individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder (‘psychosis’) lack capacity to make decisions about psychiatric treatment (‘incapacity’), however we lack robust evidence from clinical trials on interventions to improve it. To accelerate their development, we tested whether an ‘umbrella’ trial was feasible. This involved running multiple randomised controlled ‘interventionist-causal’ trials (IC-RCTs) concurrently. Each tested the effect on incapacity of targeting an individual psychological mechanism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We did 3 assessor-blind, multi-site, pilot IC-RCTs. Each compared 6 sessions of psychological therapy for either self-stigma (SS), low self-esteem (SE) or the jumping-to-conclusions (JTC) bias, to 6 sessions of collaborative assessment of the causes of incapacity (control). Adults with psychosis, incapacity and ≥1 target mechanism could participate. Primary outcomes were recruitment feasibility, and data retention on the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool-Treatment (MacCAT-T).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We recruited 57 participants and performed 60 randomisations (3 patients participated in 2 trials); 82 % provided post-treatment data. Standardised mean differences (Hedges' g) for MacCAT-T ‘understanding’ were g = 0.35 (SS; 95 % CI −0.51, 1.22), g = 0.41 (JTC; −0.55, 1.38) and g = 0.74 (SE; −0.73, 2.21), with positive values favouring treatment. For ‘reasoning’, they were −0.20 (SS; −1.05, 0.66), 0.79 (JTC; −0.20, 1.79) and 0.79 (SE −0.69, 2.27). For ‘appreciation’ they were −0.39 (SS; −1.25, 0.48), 1.76 (JTC; 0.62, 2.90) and 0.57 (SE; −0.87, 2.02). Four control participants had 9 serious adverse events between randomisation and post-treatment; two intervention participants had 2.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>An umbrella trial of psychological interventions to improve capacity in psychosis is feasible. A definitive trial is warranted.</div></div><div><h3>Trial pre-registration</h3><div><span><span>NCT04309435</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"282 ","pages":"Pages 184-197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TMS-EEG in postictal psychosis of epilepsy","authors":"Aryeh Dworkin ,&nbsp;Diego Jiménez-Jiménez ,&nbsp;Charlotte Ravenscroft ,&nbsp;Francesco Turco ,&nbsp;Chloe Johnson ,&nbsp;Fahmida A. Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Joao Pizarro ,&nbsp;Sasha D'Ambrosio ,&nbsp;Sanjay M. Sisodiya ,&nbsp;Umesh Vivekananda ,&nbsp;Simona Balestrini","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Postictal psychosis (PIP) is a poorly understood complication affecting 2 % of individuals with epilepsy. Genomic and neuroimaging studies suggest parallels with schizophrenia.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine whether Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation coupled with Electroencephalography (TMS-EEG), can reveal schizophrenia-like changes in PIP, especially in Natural Frequency (NF), gamma band Event-Related Spectral Perturbation (ERSP), the N100 peak, and global mean field power (GMFP).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We applied TMS-EEG targeting the non-dominant hemisphere premotor area in people with focal epilepsy (PWE) with a history of PIP (<em>n</em> = 7) and PWE without any history of psychosis (<em>n</em> = 14). Two-tailed <em>t</em>-tests were applied to TMS-EEG metrics previously studied in schizophrenia to look for differences between the groups, with subgroup analyses excluding participants using benzodiazepines.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar across the two groups. No significant differences were seen in NF (<em>p</em> = 0.98). We observed a delayed N100 peak latency in the PIP group when excluding those with regular benzodiazepine use (<em>p</em> = 0.05) and increased global mean field power during the 400-600 ms phase of the TEP (<em>p</em> = 0.02). Mean ERSP within the gamma band was lower in the PIP group, though this did not reach statistical significance (<em>p</em> = 0.08).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is the first study to apply TMS-EEG in individuals with PIP, demonstrating feasibility and providing methodological insights for future studies. Preliminary findings, including increased GMFP and delayed N100 latency in PIP, suggest possible disruptions in cortical excitability similar to schizophrenia, warranting further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"282 ","pages":"Pages 176-183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"The effect of anticholinergic burden of psychiatric medications on major outcome domains of psychotic disorders: A 21-year prospective cohort study\" [Schizophr Res. 264 (2024) 386-393].","authors":"Victor Peralta, Elena García de Jalón, Lucía Moreno-Izco, David Peralta, Lucía Janda, Ana M Sánchez-Torres, Manuel J Cuesta","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mediating influence of serum Klotho levels and the KL-VS heterozygosity on telomere shortening in schizophrenia","authors":"Vijaya Majumdar ,&nbsp;P. Bhuvanesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Rashmi Arasappa ,&nbsp;Shantala Hegde ,&nbsp;N.K. Manjunath ,&nbsp;Prosenjeet Chakraborty ,&nbsp;K. Murugesh ,&nbsp;Anbarasi Palanisamy ,&nbsp;Amrutha Jose","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Schizophrenia (SZ) has a considerable contribution of accelerated aging, and exploration of the mechanistic underpinnings of telomere attrition, one of the core pathophysiological hallmarks of accelerated aging could boost the development of new avenues for intervention in SZ. The longevity protein Klotho (KL) is reported to regulate the expression of key factors like telomeric repeat-binding factor. We tested the cross-sectional association between KL levels, its longevity genetic variant <em>KL-VS</em> and telomere length in schizophrenia, including 240 patients and 243 healthy controls (HCs). Relative telomere length (rTL) was measured through real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the <em>KL-VS</em> variant was genotyped using TaqMan® allelic discrimination assay. The associations between study variables were tested using linear regression, and mediation analysis was conducted using the SPSS Macro PROCESS. There was a significant association between rTL with serum KL levels in chronic patients, indicating their coregulation in the disease. KL levels partly mediated the indirect negative influence of telomere length on the risk of schizophrenia, with a 27.26 % contribution to the total association between telomere length and schizophrenia, substantiating the role of deficiency of circulating Klotho in partly contributing to the process of accelerated aging in schizophrenia. Furthermore, serum KL levels and heterozygosity of the <em>KL-VS</em> variant (<em>Het</em>^<em>+ve</em>) were significantly and positively associated with rTL in patients with SZ, but not in HCs, indicating a disease-specific influence of the KL on telomere length, which supports the hypothesis of a contextual advantage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"282 ","pages":"Pages 166-175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}