Schizophrenia Research最新文献

{"title":"Pre-reflective and reflective abnormalities in cortical midline structures in schizophrenia","authors":"Maria Chiara Piani ,&nbsp;Martin Jandl ,&nbsp;Thomas Koenig ,&nbsp;Julie Nordgaard ,&nbsp;Yosuke Morishima","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; hypothesis</h3><div>Self-disorders (SDs), central features of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, primarily affect the pre-reflective sense of self, the fundamental experience of existing as a conscious subject. This disruption also impacts reflective self-consciousness. This study aims to further explore the neural correlates of self-disorders in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders by using a cognitive task designed to target approximate pre-reflective and reflective self-experience during fMRI.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>27 individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (patients, PT) and 32 healthy controls (HC) completed the cognitive task during 7 T fMRI scanning. The task involved a trait-judgment paradigm, where participants read three-word sentences (pronoun, verb, trait adjective) referencing themselves (self) or a well-known other (other), then provided a yes/no response upon reflection. SDs were examined with the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE).</div></div><div><h3>Study results</h3><div>For the pre-reflective component, the activity in the rostral posterior cingulate cortex was negatively correlated with the severity of SDs. For the reflective component, HC exhibited bilateral activations in the frontopolar cortex, the anterior part of the anterior cingulate cortex, and the pre-supplementary motor area, while PT showed activations in the left caudate nucleus, the anterior part of the anterior cingulate cortex, the right frontopolar cortex, and the left language area.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>At the pre-reflective level, abnormalities in the rostral posterior cingulate cortex are associated with SDs. For reflective self-experience, individuals with self-disorders appear to engage more in analytical thinking and deeper brain networks than HC, who rely more on interoceptive processes based on the frontopolar cortex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"282 ","pages":"Pages 19-27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular signatures and emerging therapeutic targets in schizophrenia: A biomarker-centric perspective in psychiatric disorders","authors":"Mohammed Ageeli Hakami","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychiatric disorders represent a significant global health challenge, characterized by complex interactions between genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors. Among these, schizophrenia (SCH) stands out as a particularly debilitating condition marked by heterogeneous clinical manifestations and functional outcomes. Current diagnostic approaches for psychiatric disorders often rely on subjective clinical symptoms due to the absence of definitive biological markers, highlighting the urgency to identify objective biomarkers to enhance diagnostic accuracy, enable early risk detection, predict treatment responses, and guide personalized interventions. Recent advances have identified potential biomarkers in neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid, and peripheral blood, focusing on neurotransmitter systems, oxidative stress, inflammatory pathways, and synaptic plasticity. Blood-based biomarkers offer a minimally invasive and accessible alternative to costly and inconsistent neuroimaging or brain tissue analyses. High-throughput RNA sequencing has revealed differentially expressed genes associated with immune dysregulation and inflammation, implicating cytokine signaling, complement activation, and oxidative stress in SCH pathophysiology. These findings provide insights into the disorder's underlying mechanisms and pave the way for targeted therapeutic strategies. Emerging treatments aim to modulate these pathways, with a focus on anti-inflammatory agents, antioxidants, and immune system regulators. In this review, we highlighted that integrating biomarker discovery with innovative therapeutic approaches holds promise for improving diagnostic precision, tailoring treatments, and developing novel therapies that address specific molecular pathways in SCH, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"282 ","pages":"Pages 1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The inventory of psychotic-like anomalous self-experiences (IPASE): Stability and relationships with attenuated psychotic symptoms and remission in individuals at-risk for psychosis","authors":"Isabelle Scott ,&nbsp;Alexandra Selloni ,&nbsp;Zarina Bilgrami ,&nbsp;Matthew Cotter ,&nbsp;Cansu Sarac ,&nbsp;Alessia McGowan ,&nbsp;Marija Krcmar ,&nbsp;Melanie Formica ,&nbsp;Kate Gwyther ,&nbsp;Cassandra Wannan ,&nbsp;Agrima Srivastava ,&nbsp;Guillermo A. Cecchi ,&nbsp;Romina Mizrahi ,&nbsp;Patrick McGorry ,&nbsp;Cheryl M. Corcoran ,&nbsp;Barnaby Nelson","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The IPASE is a self-report measure of basic self-disturbance, a core feature of schizophrenia and ultra-high risk (UHR) states. However, the extent to which basic self-disturbance—as captured by the IPASE—is stable over time and related to the severity or progression of attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) remains unclear. We examined the temporal stability of IPASE scores, their correlation with APS, and whether they predict changes in APS over time.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The baseline sample included 185 participants (healthy controls = 72, UHR = 66, first-episode psychosis = 47), with 29 UHR participants re-assessed at month-12. Correlations between IPASE scores and Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS) positive symptom scores were evaluated at baseline and month-12. Stability between baseline and month-12 IPASE scores was examined in the longitudinal subsample. Regression was used to predict remission and change in CAARMS scores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Although mean IPASE scores were significantly higher in the UHR group compared to HCs, total IPASE scores were only weakly correlated with CAARMS total scores (<span><math><mi>ρ</mi></math></span>=0.27). IPASE subscales showed weak correlations (0.08&lt;<span><math><mi>ρ</mi></math></span>&lt;0.27) with CAARMS positive symptom domains. Changes in IPASE and CAARMS scores were not correlated. Moderate stability was found for IPASE total scores (ICC = 0.59) and four subscales (0.58 &lt; ICC &lt; 0.64), excluding the cognition subscale (ICC = 0.3). Baseline IPASE scores did not predict remission (partial <span><math><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span>=0.05) or change in CAARMS scores (partial <span><math><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span>=0.02).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The IPASE is a moderately stable measure in UHR individuals, correlates with the presence of positive psychotic symptoms but only weakly with severity, and does not strongly predict positive symptom change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"281 ","pages":"Pages 286-294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative symptoms, cognition, and community functioning in early psychosis","authors":"Julia Blotner ,&nbsp;Rachel Hechinger ,&nbsp;Martha E. Shenton ,&nbsp;Michael J. Coleman ,&nbsp;Dost Öngür ,&nbsp;Kathryn E. Lewandowski","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Negative symptoms are associated with poorer cognitive functioning in psychosis, and both negative symptoms and cognition are associated with poorer community functioning, even in the early course of illness. Current conceptualizations of negative symptoms in psychosis have identified separate subdomains, not all of which may be affected in every patient; however, few studies have examined associations between specific negative symptom subdomains and cognition and functioning in early psychosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD<em>; n</em> = 26) or mood disorders with psychosis (MDP; <em>n</em> = 41) within the first 6.5 years of illness were assessed at two timepoints on negative symptoms (BNSS and CAINS), cognition, and functioning. Group comparisons and correlations among measures were conducted, and linear regression predicting functioning at follow-up by baseline negative symptoms and cognition were run.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Groups did not differ on negative symptoms or cognition at either timepoint. The SSD group had more impaired functioning at both timepoints. BNSS and CAINS total scores and several subscales correlated with cognition at both timepoints transdiagnostically. At baseline, BNSS Anhedonia, Asociality, and total score and CAINS Motivation and Pleasure and total score significantly predicted MIRECC GAF symptoms at follow-up and BNSS Asociality, Avolition, and BNSS and CAINS total scores predicted MIRECC GAF social functioning at follow-up. Cognition did not predict functioning at follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Baseline negative symptoms of amotivation and anhedonia, but not cognition, predicted measures of functioning at follow-up. These findings suggest that interventions targeting motivation and hedonic capacity early in treatment may improve future functioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"281 ","pages":"Pages 260-267"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of red blood cell fatty acids in stable patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and healthy controls","authors":"Gwendolyn Schoemaker ,&nbsp;Roel J.T. Mocking ,&nbsp;Suzanne Medema ,&nbsp;Maarten W.J. Koeter ,&nbsp;Lieuwe de Haan ,&nbsp;Nico J.M. van Beveren","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder. Conflicting findings concerning abnormal levels of red blood cell fatty acids (RBC FA) in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls have been found. This stimulated research on the possible presence of a bimodal distribution of RBC FA. Bimodality suggests subgroups of the disease, including different endophenotypes and/or clinical characteristics. However, to date only a small number of publications reported on bimodality. The evidence whether fatty acids in red blood cells are bimodally distributed in schizophrenia is conflicting and data on bimodality in healthy controls are limited. The aim of current study was to investigate whether bimodal distributions of RBC FA concentrations are present in stable patients as compared to controls, and if so whether these distributions differ in form or size between patients and healthy controls.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From the GROUP study, a multisite, longitudinal, naturalistic cohort study, we investigated a subset of 215 patients, between 16 and 50 years, with a psychotic disorder and 98 healthy controls, between 16 and 50 years, for which RBC FA measurements were available. We studied a panel of 28 RBC FAs; 7 saturated fatty acids (SFAs), 9 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and 12 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). We did not investigate underlying genetics. The Likelihood Ratio Test was used to compare the goodness of fit of a bimodal or a unimodal distribution of each of the 28 FA concentrations. Hierarchical regressions were used to investigate whether belonging to the lower end of the distribution was associated with higher positive or negative symptom severity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At baseline, 19 out of 28 FAs are significantly bimodally distributed in patients versus 11 out of 28 FAs in controls (<em>p</em> &lt; .05). As a group, RBC FAs in patients are borderline significant more often bimodally distributed as compared to controls. In contrast to previous studies, for AA, DHA and EPA we did not find a bimodal distribution in patients and an unimodal distribution in controls. Belonging to the lower end of the RBC FA distribution was not associated with positive or negative symptom severity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings do not support the existence of a unique bimodality of RBC FA distribution in relatively stable patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders compared to controls. Bimodality may be more pronounced in the acute phase of the disease, further research into bimodality should focus on the influence of oxidative stress on levels of FAs and bimodality in (partly) remitted patients as well as acutely ill patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"281 ","pages":"Pages 275-285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pleasure expectancies scale (PLEX): A brief measure of expectancies for pleasure in schizophrenia","authors":"Sarah Saperia ,&nbsp;Alex Prosserman ,&nbsp;Emilia Flores Anaya ,&nbsp;Margaret Hahn ,&nbsp;Sri Mahavir Agarwal ,&nbsp;Michael W. Best ,&nbsp;Sean A. Kidd ,&nbsp;Konstantine K. Zakzanis ,&nbsp;George Foussias","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A critical dysfunctional belief system implicated within the cognitive model of negative symptoms is low expectancies for pleasure, which refers to unhelpful beliefs characterized by generally negative expectations for one's likelihood of experiencing pleasure. In light of concerns regarding existing measures of anticipatory pleasure, the current study sought to examine the reliability and validity of a new brief self-report questionnaire, titled the Pleasure Expectancies Scale (PLEX). One hundred twenty five individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia-spectrum disorder (SSD) were administered the 8-item PLEX, along with a battery of other clinical and cognitive measures. The psychometric properties of the PLEX were evaluated. Cronbach's alpha was acceptable at baseline (<em>α</em> = 0.741) and good at the 6-month follow-up (<em>α</em> = 0.815, <em>n</em> = 75). Correlational analyses demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity, as well as test-retest reliability at 6 months. Construct validity, as it pertains to the cognitive model of negative symptoms, was also established by way of significant correlations with negative symptoms, diminished motivation, and defeatist performance beliefs. Hierarchical regressions also revealed that the PLEX accounted for greater variance in negative symptoms beyond that of existing measures of anticipatory pleasure. Our findings suggest that the PLEX is a promising new measure of expectancies for pleasure in individuals with SSDs, with good indicators of reliability and validity. The PLEX lends itself well to both research and clinical settings, which may be particularly important given the hypothesized role of dysfunctional beliefs as mechanistic targets for treating negative symptoms using psychosocial interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"281 ","pages":"Pages 268-274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gait examination in catatonia using 3D optical markerless motion tracking","authors":"Dilsa Cemre Akkoc Altinok ,&nbsp;Sebastian Volkmer ,&nbsp;Kristin Ohl ,&nbsp;Geva A. Brandt ,&nbsp;Jonas Daub ,&nbsp;Stefan Fritze ,&nbsp;Robin Peretzke ,&nbsp;Peter F. Neher ,&nbsp;Georg Northoff ,&nbsp;Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg ,&nbsp;Dusan Hirjak","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Three-dimensional (3D) markerless motion capture (MoCap) systems are emerging as powerful tools for the objective assessment of sensori-/psychomotor abnormalities in mental disorders. However, the application of 3D-MoCap technology for gait analysis in catatonia remains unexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included 23 patients with and 53 patients without catatonia, classified according to ICD-11. Catatonia severity was assessed using the Northoff Catatonia Rating Scale (NCRS) and the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS). Gait was examined via a 3D markerless MoCap system, Salpêtrière Retardation Rating Scale (SRRS), the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and the Heidelberg Neurological Soft Signs Scale (NSS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Principal component (PC) analysis of spatiotemporal gait parameters revealed four principal components, accounting for 51.98 % (PC1), 23.46 % (PC2), 7.98 % (PC3), and 6.3 % (PC4) of the total gait variance. PC1 was primarily characterized by time-dependent features such as cycle time and stance time, while PC2 predominantly captured space-dependent features, including stride length and stride width. PC1 was significantly reduced in the catatonia group (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05); however, it was not significantly associated with catatonia severity. Total scores and gait-related subitems of the SRRS and UPDRS scales differed significantly between the catatonia and non-catatonia groups (p &lt; 0.05, corrected).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results of this study demonstrates for the first time that 3D markerless MoCap can effectively quantify gait in catatonia, revealing alterations in temporal and spatial gait dynamics. Future research should explore the longitudinal effects of catatonia treatment on gait patterns and investigate potential biomarkers for disease monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"281 ","pages":"Pages 249-259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smartphone monitoring and digital phenotyping apps for schizophrenia: A review of the academic literature","authors":"Christine Hau ,&nbsp;Winna Xia ,&nbsp;Sean Ryan ,&nbsp;Joe Firth ,&nbsp;Jake Linardon ,&nbsp;John Torous","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Monitoring-based applications are increasingly administered in mental health research to detect relapses and track symptoms by using digital phenotyping. This review systematically examines unique datasets generated from unique apps for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, including identifying patterns in study design, sample size, duration, comparison groups, device usage, incentives, and eligibility criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In January 2025, we conducted a systematic review with a narrative/qualitative synthesis of research for schizophrenia-related apps and coded them for demographics, eligibility, outcomes and experiences, engagement and features, and app availability. We focused specifically on apps related to monitoring schizophrenia and psychosis symptoms in patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The academic literature search yielded 3902 articles, of which 54 were included. Across these, 27 unique monitoring apps related to schizophrenia and psychosis were featured. The average study sample size was <em>N</em> = 78, and the average study duration was 26 weeks. The use of smartphone sensor data and digital phenotyping was common: GPS (18 of 27 apps), accelerometer (10 of 27 apps), screentime (5 of 27 apps), or phone logs (7 of 27 apps). However, nearly all apps supported self-report measures, the majority (21/27) in a survey format. Twenty-six percent of studies (14/54) focused on relapse prevention, but many were secondary analyses. There were only two apps that had replication studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This review identifies a shift towards scalable digital phenotyping and relapse monitoring in mental health using apps. It underscores the necessity for standardized methodologies and longitudinal studies to evaluate the validity of these results. These findings inform future research directions, emphasizing the potential for personalized digital mental health solutions and early intervention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"281 ","pages":"Pages 237-248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do hallucinations exist on a continuum with subclinical hallucinatory experiences? A multi-method taxometric study","authors":"A. Elahi ,&nbsp;C. Fletcher ,&nbsp;G. Perez Algorta ,&nbsp;R.G. White ,&nbsp;R.P. Bentall","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There remains a debate about whether symptoms of psychosis lie on a continuum with healthy functioning or exist separately and are taxonic. This issue has important implications for the classification, assessment and treatment of psychosis. Research has highlighted that some symptoms of psychosis, such as paranoia, have a dimensional latent structure but it remains to be seen whether this is true for other symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To assess the latent structure of hallucinations in a diverse sample using taxometric methods.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three taxometric procedures; MAMBAC, MAXEIG and L-MODE, were applied to a dataset of clinical (<em>n</em> = 290) and non-clinical (<em>n</em> = 1580) participants who had completed the Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale- revised (LSHS-R). Analyses were initially conducted with a non-clinical group before a clinical group was included, increasing the likelihood of producing a pseudo-taxon.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Three out of six taxometric analyses found a strong dimensional result (non-clinical sample; MAXEIG and L-Mode analyses. Whole sample; MAXEIG analysis). Two of the other three results were more in favour of a dimension (non-clinical sample; MAMBAC analysis and L-Mode analyses). The final analysis (whole sample; MAMBAC) supported neither a dimension nor a taxon.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Despite some ambiguity in the findings, we observe some indications that hallucinations, like paranoia, could be dimensional, especially in the non-clinical sample. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed. Potential issues with the LSHS-R mean that results should be interpreted with some caution. The development of additional scales or assessments for hallucinations, expanding recruitment to more diverse non-clinical and clinical populations, is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"281 ","pages":"Pages 223-228"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) findings in drug-naïve schizophrenia patients and healthy comparison subjects","authors":"S. Shankar,&nbsp;K.S. Ravishankar,&nbsp;M. Krishna Sundari","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Schizophrenia is associated with neurophysiological impairments, including auditory brainstem response (ABR) abnormalities. Prior studies often include medicated patients, potentially confounding results.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This case-control study investigates ABR parameters in drug-naïve schizophrenia patients and explores their correlation with symptom severity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a case-control study comparing 30 drug-naïve schizophrenia patients and 30 age-, sex-, and hearing threshold-matched healthy controls. ABR recordings using click stimuli at 90 dB HL and 50 dB HL assessed absolute latencies (Wave I, III, V) and interpeak intervals (I–III, III–V, I–V) for both ears. Symptom severity was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Correlation analysis between ABR parameters and PANSS scores was performed using Pearson's test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Groups were comparable in age and sex (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Schizophrenia patients exhibited significantly prolonged Wave V latencies compared to controls at 90 dB HL (<em>p</em> = 0.005) and 50 dB HL (<em>p</em> = 0.008). No significant differences were observed in interpeak latencies (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). A moderate positive correlation was found between prolonged Wave V latency (90 dB HL) and PANSS-positive symptom scores (<em>r</em> = 0.42, <em>p</em> = 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Drug-naïve schizophrenia patients demonstrate delayed ABR Wave V latencies at high and low stimulus intensities, independent of antipsychotic medication. The correlation with positive symptom severity suggests ABR may reflect disease specific neurophysiological dysfunction, supporting its potential as an objective biomarker for schizophrenia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"281 ","pages":"Pages 218-222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}