Schizophrenia Research最新文献

{"title":"Emergency department use disparities in schizophrenia: Mediating role of antipsychotic availability and administration.","authors":"Chao Cai, Mustapha M Nyame, Sri Chaitanya Varma Alluri, Chandana Chidrala, Amanda J Fairchild, Matthew C Lohman, Lauren L Wier, Robert Bank","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2026.10.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2026.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Racial disparities in emergency department (ED) use among patients with schizophrenia may reflect differences in treatment access and continuity after antipsychotic initiation. We examined whether oral antipsychotic availability or administering long-acting injectable antipsychotics, measured by proportion of days covered (PDC) using claims data, mediated the association between race and ED use and whether mediation differed by antipsychotic class and route of administration. Using South Carolina Medicaid claims from 2004 to 2019, we identified 1666 adults with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder initiating antipsychotic treatment with 12-month washout period. PDC was measured during the first 6 months after treatment initiation. The outcome was any ED visit during the subsequent 6 months. Mediation analysis was conducted overall and by antipsychotic subgroup. Black beneficiaries had higher ED use than White beneficiaries (33% vs. 27%, p = 0.03) and lower PDC (mean 0.45 vs. 0.55, p < 0.0001). In unadjusted analyses, PDC mediated 23% of the association between race and ED use (95% CI 8%-94%, p = 0.03). After covariate adjustment, PDC mediated 25% of the association (95% CI 10%-95%, p = 0.006). Significant mediation was observed among oral antipsychotic users (28%, p = 0.02), second-generation antipsychotic users (29%, p = 0.008), and most prominently in oral second-generation antipsychotic users (30%, p = 0.006). No significant mediation was observed among first-generation antipsychotic or long-acting injectable users. These findings suggest that antipsychotic availability and administration may be one pathway contributing to racial disparities in acute psychiatric care.</p>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"298 ","pages":"268-274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149246282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of cannabis use and cannabis composition on formal thought disorder and related brain networks: An fMRI study in 51 patients with schizophrenia.","authors":"Thomas Bernabeu, Mathilde Argote, Antony Citterio-Quentin, Natalie Giloux, Guillaume Sescousse, Benjamin Rolland","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2026.10.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2026.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Formal thought disorder (FTD) is a core dimension of schizophrenia, which has been associated in previous studies with increased brain functional connectivity between temporal gyri and striatal regions as measured with fMRI. Cannabis use is highly prevalent in schizophrenia population as compared with the general population and, in the context of elevated tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol (THC/CBD) ratio, has been found to be associated with increased FTD in schizophrenia. Consequently, in this study, we aimed to investigate whether cannabis consumption in patients with schizophrenia is generally associated with both enhanced functional connectivity and FTD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We explored the functional connectivity between the temporal gyri and striatal regions in 51 schizophrenia patients divided into two groups stratified by cannabis use. FTD was measured using the conceptual disorganization item from the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale. Region-of-interest (ROI)-to-ROI and seed-based connectivity analyses, correlation tests, and mediation models were conducted using both frequentist and Bayesian approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant difference was found in terms of functional connectivity between cannabis users and non-users. THC/CBD ratio was not significantly associated with cortico-striatal connectivity or FTD. Overall, Bayesian results indicated moderate to strong evidence favoring the null hypothesis across most models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cannabis use was not robustly associated with an altered cortico-striatal connectivity in this sample. The convergence of frequentist and Bayesian evidence suggests that cannabis use may not account for previously reported FTD-related connectivity alterations in schizophrenia. Larger studies considering cannabis composition, dose-response relationships, and symptom dimensions are warranted to refine these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"298 ","pages":"285-292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149246355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From gut to brain: A longitudinal assessment of intestinal permeability and immune activation markers in early-stage schizophrenia Spectrum disorders.","authors":"Lea Jakob, Tiziana Maria Mahayri, Isis Rita Anzel Koutrouli, Kristina Kekrtová, Daniela Nováková, Tereza Totková, Filip Španiel","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2026.09.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2026.09.043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have been linked to immune dysregulation and altered intestinal barrier function, although findings across studies remain inconsistent. The present study investigated circulating markers of intestinal permeability and immune activation in individuals with early-stage SSD and healthy controls and examined their associations with clinical outcomes. Serum concentrations of zonulin, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (iFABP), zonulin, soluble CD14 (sCD14), bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) were measured in 36 patients with SSD at baseline and one-year follow-up and in 36 matched healthy controls. Linear mixed-effects models adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were used to evaluate group differences and longitudinal changes. In primary analysis, no biomarker differences between patients and controls, and no longitudinal changes within patients, remained statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. Similarly, biomarker concentrations were not associated (after FDR correction) with symptom severity, global functioning, or neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Exploratory analyses identified a robust positive association between BMI and zonulin concentrations and additional associations among iFABP, LBP, and sCD14. Exploratory mixed-effects models identified a negative association between iFABP and sCD14 after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI. Overall, the findings do not support a generalized alteration of gut permeability or immune activation markers in SSD. Instead, they suggest that variation in gut-related biomarkers may be more strongly influenced by metabolic and individual factors than by diagnosis or current symptom severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"298 ","pages":"275-284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149246318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamma-band network segregation links corollary discharge dysfunction and anomalous self-experiences in schizophrenia.","authors":"Rosa M Beño-Ruiz-de-la-Sierra, Antonio Arjona-Valladares, Emma Osorio-Iriarte, Luis Sobrino-Conde, Víctor Rodríguez, Pablo Núñez, Jesús Poza, Alejandro Roig-Herrero, Álvaro Díez, Vicente Molina","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2026.09.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2026.09.038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anomalous self-experiences (ASEs) are a core feature of psychotic disorders and reflect disturbances in ipseity. Impairments in corollary discharge mechanism have been proposed as a neurobiological substrate of ASEs, and an imbalance between brain network integration and segregation, may impair the coherent flow of mental contents, thereby disrupting their fluid and implicit character. However, the relationship between corollary discharge and functional network properties has not been directly examined. This link was assessed in thirty participants with schizophrenia and thirty healthy controls. Functional network was computed using the Phase Locking Value (PLV) from resting-state EEG in the gamma band and two parameters were calculated: the clustering coefficient (ClC, as a proxy for segregation) and the path length (PL, as a proxy for integration); corollary discharge was indexed by N1 suppression in a talk-listen paradigm; and ASEs were evaluated using the 'Inventory of Psychotic-Like Anomalous Self-Experiences' (IPASE) total score. Patients with schizophrenia showed significantly greater gamma-band network segregation and lower integration than healthy controls. Moreover, higher segregation in this band was associated with reduced N1 suppression and greater ASEs severity in patients, whereas network integration was not associated with N1 suppression nor ASEs. These findings suggest that excessive gamma-band network segregation may be correlated with disrupted corollary discharge functioning and may compromise the distinction between self-generated and external stimuli. Therefore, it may alter the sense of ipseity by interfering with the integration of mental contents into the flow of consciousness, thereby contributing to greater severity of ASEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"298 ","pages":"237-245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149246274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiating predictors of physical and cognitive effort expenditure in early psychosis: A study of reinforcement environment, negative symptoms, and cognitive control.","authors":"Tanya Tran, Stephanie M Woolridge, Kenzie Bender, Susan Tang, Christopher R Bowie","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2026.10.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2026.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizophrenia patients compared to controls show reduced physical and cognitive effort allocation despite higher rewards offered. Negative symptoms, cognitive control deficits, and functional impairments are all implicated in reduced effort allocation, suggesting compromised cognitive-reward systems drive patient outcomes. However, patterns and predictors of decisions to expend different types of effort remain underexplored in early psychosis (EP). This study investigated predictors of effort allocation in 34 EP outpatients. We used Generalized Estimating Equations to evaluate the following as predictors of decisions to expend effort: (1) changes in reinforcement environment (reward, probability, expected value), and (2) patient characteristics (expressive and motivation/pleasure symptoms, cognitive control). Assessments included the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (physical), a parallel cognitive effort task adapted by our team, AX-Continuous Performance Test, and clinical symptom interviews (e.g., Brief Negative Symptom Scale). Patients modulated physical effort based on integrated assessments of reward and probability. Cognitive control, measured as the proactive maintenance of goal-relevant information and resources, predicted physical effort expenditure, but only at low expressive symptom severity. In contrast, patients showed inefficient effort modulation and a risk-aversive probabilistic assessment on the cognitive effort task. By early psychosis, patients exhibit conservative cognitive effort allocation, disregarding high-value rewards, despite intact capacity. Our findings indicated that negative symptoms and cognitive control had a minimal direct influence on effort decisions in early psychosis. This suggests that the illness burden in early stages may be less pronounced than in chronic psychotic illness, potentially leading to different mechanistic pathways for effort allocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"298 ","pages":"246-253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149246357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is psychomotor retardation a sixth domain of negative symptoms?","authors":"Brian Kirkpatrick, Alex S Cohen, Alexandra Hammond, Ana Catalan, Stefan Kaiser, Anna Mane, Marta Martin-Subero, Philippe Robert, Gabriel Robert, Javier Vazquez-Bourgon, Yi-Jie Zhao, Noham Wolpe, Silvana Galderisi, Armida Mucci, Emilio Fernandez-Egea","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2026.09.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2026.09.035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The five canonical domains of negative symptoms in schizophrenia - blunted affect, alogia, asociality, anhedonia, and avolition - were established by a consensus process. Meta-analyses have placed psychomotor retardation (PMR) rating scale items in negative symptom factors, suggesting it may be a sixth negative symptom domain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We pooled data from two cross-sectional, multicenter, international studies of schizophrenia (N = 271) and used PANSS item G7 (Motor Retardation) as a measure of PMR. In multivariate analyses we examined G7 as a predictor of cognitive function, personal and social function, and negative symptoms other than PMR. We also examined whether G7 mediated the association between extrapyramidal symptoms and negative symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In some analyses the G7 factor had relationships characteristic of the five canonical domains: correlations with those negative symptoms and negative correlations with function and cognition. However, other findings were consistent with its classification as a motor symptom: significant correlations with the PANSS Mannerism and Posturing item and with extrapyramidal symptoms, and mediation of the relationship between extrapyramidal symptoms and the canonical negative symptoms. There was no significant relationship with self-reported hours of sleep.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PMR showed associations with negative symptoms, cognitive impairment, and functional outcome, consistent with status as a sixth negative symptom domain. However, other findings leave unclear whether it should be considered a negative symptom, a motor symptom, or something more complex. Problems in the G7 item definition and description contribute to this uncertainty.</p>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"298 ","pages":"254-260"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149246310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approach and avoidance in schizophrenia: The influence of comorbid social anxiety disorder and of social anxiety symptoms severity.","authors":"Patrick Sossoumihen, Jade Doré, Laurence Girard, Élisabeth Thibaudeau, Frédéric Haesebaert, Amélie M Achim","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2026.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2026.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) frequently present with a comorbid social anxiety disorder (SAD), which is associated with increased functional impairment, potentially due to heightened social avoidance. Individual differences in approach and avoidance can be conceptualized using Gray's revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST), which describes three interacting motivation systems: the Behavioral Approach System (BAS), the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), and the Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS). This case-control study examined approach and avoidance in people with SSD and the impact of SAD in 42 individuals with SSD and 42 community controls (CO). Social anxiety was assessed using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5). Approach and avoidance motivations were assessed using the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ). Fifteen participants with SSD and six CO met the diagnostic criteria for SAD. A significant group effect (SSD > CO) was observed for both the BIS (p = 0.003) and the FFFS (p < 0.001), while an effect of social anxiety (SAD > no SAD across groups) emerged only for the BIS (p < 0.001). No significant effect emerged for the four BAS scales. Social anxiety symptom severity was positively correlated with BIS scores for both groups (ps < 0.001) and negatively correlated with BAS-Reward Interest scores only for the SSD group (p < 0.001). These findings emphasize the role of social anxiety in shaping approach and avoidance motivations, a factor particularly relevant given its high prevalence in SSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"298 ","pages":"261-267"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149246343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The exposome in schizophrenia: A systematic review of environmental risk indices.","authors":"Claudia Parás, Covadonga García-San Nicolás, Álvaro López-Díaz, Esther Setién-Suero, Rosa Ayesa-Arriola","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2026.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2026.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder resulting from the dynamic interaction between genetic vulnerability and multiple environmental exposures acting across the lifespan. The exposome framework has emerged as a comprehensive approach to capture cumulative and interdependent environmental risk, moving beyond traditional single-factor models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to synthesize current evidence on the development, validation, and application of exposome-based indices in schizophrenia and psychotic spectrum disorders. The search was performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect and SciELO for studies published between 2005 and 2026. Eligible studies included original research and reviews integrating multiple environmental exposures into cumulative or latent risk models. Methodological quality and risk of bias were independently assessed using the ROBINS-E tool. The protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261286786).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-three studies were included, identifying five primary composite indices such as the Exposome Score for Schizophrenia (ES-SCZ), Maudsley Environmental Risk Score (ERS), Early Adversity Scale for Schizophrenia (EAS-Sz), Polyenviromic Risk Score (PERS), and Korea-Polyenvironmental Risk Score (K-PERS-I). Across studies, higher cumulative environmental burden was consistently associated with increased psychosis risk, greater symptom severity, cognitive impairment, and poorer functional outcomes. Models using empirical weighting or context-specific calibration generally showed better performance than simple additive approaches.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cumulative environmental burden can be operationalized through structured exposome-based indices, several of which demonstrate moderate discriminatory capacity for schizophrenia and psychosis-related outcomes. However, substantial methodological heterogeneity and limited external validation currently restrict clinical applicability, underscoring the need for harmonization and rigorous cross-cohort validation to advance translational utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"298 ","pages":"216-228"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of large language model-based chatbots to simulated psychotic ideation across repeated interactions.","authors":"Marek Kotas, Wojciech Pichowicz, Julia Karska, Kacper Żełabowski, Patryk Piotrowski, Błażej Misiak","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2026.10.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2026.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following the development of widely accessible large language model-based chatbot systems, concerns have emerged that such systems may reinforce psychotic ideation through affirmation of delusional content. However, systematic evaluations of chatbot responses to psychotic scenarios remain limited. We hypothesized that chatbot responses would become increasingly affirmatory over repeated interactions with the user. To test this, we evaluated the responses of ChatGPT, DeepSeek and Replika to simulated psychosis scenarios. Conversations were conducted across seven consecutive days in two languages. Responses were coded for chatbot stance toward psychotic content, recommendation to seek clinical assessment, presence of follow-up questions, and additional advice. Mixed-effects and linear regression models were used, including cluster-robust linear probability models for binary outcomes. As simulated symptom severity increased across days, ChatGPT responses became less affirmatory, DeepSeek responses remained relatively stable, and Replika responses became more affirmatory; latter two trajectories differed significantly from ChatGPT. Response variability decreased for ChatGPT and Replika but increased for DeepSeek across days. The effects of language and symptom domain were non-significant. Recommendation rates differed significantly between systems. DeepSeek and Replika provided potentially harmful advice, including discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment, in 21% and 37% of conversations, respectively. These findings suggest that affirmation of psychotic ideation significantly varies across different chatbots and does not appear to be an unavoidable consequence of large language model deployment. Furthermore, they underscore the need for developing explicit safety standards governing chatbot responses to psychotic content.</p>","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"298 ","pages":"229-236"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolerability language and gastrointestinal risk in a meta-analysis of GLP-1 receptor agonists in antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia.","authors":"Ervin Cotrik, A G Da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.schres.2026.10.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2026.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21417,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research","volume":"298 ","pages":"214-215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}