Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Effects of different cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Varieties on Soil Microbial Population and Biomass Carbon","authors":"A.D. Ishola, R. Lawal, L.T. Ishola, N.T. Olajire","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i2b.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i2b.11","url":null,"abstract":"The study determined the effects of different cowpea varieties on soil microbial population and biomass carbon. Rhizosphere soils of six  different cowpea varieties were selected based on their nodulating ability. This study selected two of the most nodulating varieties (Ife  Brown and Tvu113), two medium nodulating varieties (IT08K-150-27 and IT07K-230-2-9) and two least nodulating varieties (Sanzi and IRS-09-1106-4) for analysis. The laboratory was used to assess the microbial population and soil biomass carbon content. Findings  indicate that the soil surrounding the roots (rhizosphere soil) of IT08K-150-27 which was of the medium nodulating variety gave the  highest microbial population and biomass carbon. Thus, IT08K-150-27 outperformed other varieties in boosting soil microbial activities, consequently improving soil health. Owning to the results obtained in the study, it can be concluded that nodulation ability in cowpea  might not proportionately affect soil microbial activity in the rhizosphere soils.","PeriodicalId":213779,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Unsteady Magneto-Hydrodynamics (Mhd) Free Convective Flow Past a Vertical Oscillating Plate Through a Porous Medium in the Presence of Heat Source","authors":"Sufiyanu Muhammad Dakin-Gari, M. N. Sarki, A.U. Dakin Gari, I. D. Yale","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i2b.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i2b.35","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigate time dependent MHD natural convective flow past a vertical oscillating plate through a porous medium in the  presence of heat source. The governing differential equations of the flow characteristics are solved numerically by using the implicit finite  difference scheme. The results obtained for the velocity, temperature and concentration were analysed. The effects of different  physical parameters appear on the present situation such as Prandtl number (Pr), Schmidt number (Sc), thermal Grashof number (Gr),  mass Grashof number (Gc), radiation (R), magnetic field (M), Time (t) and Heat source (Q) were presented graphically and discussed in  detail. It is observed that the fluid velocity significantly increases as the value of Grashof number (Gr), mass Grashof number (Gc),  Permeability parameter (K) and Time (t) increased, while the opposite phenomenon is noticed for growing values of magnetic field  parameter (M), Prandtl number (Pr), radiation parameter (R), Schmidt number (Sc) respectively. ","PeriodicalId":213779,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Health Effects of Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution from Aerosol Emission on School Children in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria","authors":"N.O. Okoro, A. O. Ojobeagu","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i2b.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i2b.34","url":null,"abstract":"The health effects of exposure of children to indoor and outdoor air pollution from aerosols (particulate matter) at schools in Abakaliki  have been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate how aerosol particles are dispersed within schools in Abakaliki and their  health related issues. The aerosol dataset used for computation and analysis was obtained by direct monitoring and measurement of air  pollution from aerosol emissions at schools in the area of study. From the results, the highest air quality indices (AQIs) values of 360 and  282 for particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) were obtained for outdoor and indoorair pollution at Ogoja Road Primary School. The results obtained also showed that the mean concentrations and air quality indices (AQIs) of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and particulate matter 10 (PM10) were relatively greater during the dry season than during the rainy season, mostly in the school closer to the generating  sources than the schools farther from the sources. Similarly, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 obtained in the study areas were  greater than the World Health Organization (2021) guidelines for healthy air quality, which, if inhaled, may cause health problems such as  difficulty in breathing and bizarre catarrh in schoolchildren. Additionally, sources such as dust, overcrowded classrooms, school  locations close to busy roads, and combustion sites were the major contributors to air pollution from aerosols in schools at Abakaliki. This  study may aid atmospheric/environmental researchers in monitoring air pollution from aerosols and its associated impacts on our  environment for application to the good health of schoolchildren. These findings can aid policy makers in enacting guidelines and  requirements for establishing new schools. To that effect, a clean environment for the safety and good health of schoolchildren in  Abakaliki and beyond should be ensured. ","PeriodicalId":213779,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of medicinal and nutritional values of mistletoe leaves (Loranthaceae) in Bida Metropolis, Niger State Nigeria","authors":"P. U. Obi, E. .. Nma, M. Babagana, I. Nurudeen,","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.10","url":null,"abstract":"Mistletoe plays an important role in the life of rural people as it has nutritional and medicinal values for livestock and human respectively. The present study evaluates the medicinal and nutritional values of mistletoe leaves (Loranthaceae). The qualitative phytochemical result revealed that phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides were present in the methanol extract of the mistletoe leaves while anthraquinones, sterols and phlobatannins were absent. The result of the quantitative phytochemical properties revealed that phenols was the highest phytochemical with 235.58±0.84mg/100g, followed by saponins (123.15±1.21 mg/100 g), tannins (76.04±0.55 mg/100g), flavonoids (18.03±0.82 mg/100 g) while the least was found to be alkaloids with amount of 13.02±0.08 mg/100g. The proximate result showed that moisture had the highest (49.91±1.39%), followed by carbohydrates (34.31±2.10%), crude protein (8.64±0.54%), ash (3.87±0.24%) and fats (2.78±0.09%) while crude fiber was found to be the least nutrient (0.54±0.03%). This research underscores the medicinal value of mistletoe and its vast nutritional characteristics for the treatment of some ailment and as feed for animals.","PeriodicalId":213779,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species Composition and Abundance of Indoor Adult Resting Mosquitoes in the Male Students' Hostel at Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria","authors":"K.A. Adeniyi, O. A. Adesoye, W.S. Muzammil, Istrael Akinsete, T. Shuaibu, Adedapo Adeogun, M. Dogara","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v9i4a.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v9i4a.30","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of mosquitoes in an academic environment is a great threat to both staff and students’ wellbeing due to the possibility of the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases if bitten by infected mosquitoes. Thus, this study surveyed mosquitoes in male students’  hostels in Federal University of Dutse Jigawa State. The study was carried out using the pyrethroid spray catch method from 0600 hours  to 0900 hours. A total of nine hundred and eighty-nine mosquitoes were collected. The predominant specie was Culex quinquefasciatus  (61.53%) had a mean value of 152.25±0.20 which was significantly higher (P˂0.05) than Culex papien 7.59%, Aedes aegypti (13.0%) and  then Anopheles gambiae (s.l) (7.0%) while there was the least with Ae. albopictus with 0.7% value. Mosquitoes’ abundance significantly  varied (P<0.05) with the altitude of building floors in favour of ground floor hostel rooms. Transmission indices revealed two (2) mosquitoes/room and as well as one (1) mosquito/student. Up to 50% of mosquitoes caught were from rooms where no insecticide  aerosols were used. About 19% of mosquitoes were caught from such rooms where the use of insecticide-treated bed nets and aerosol  insecticide were used. Owing to the results recorded in this study, male students living in the hostel should avoid human-vector contact  through the informed use of insecticides and treated bed nets. ","PeriodicalId":213779,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139624066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On a class of four-step modified backward differentiation formula (MBDF) for solving second-order ordinary differential equations","authors":"Kaze Atsi, P. Tumba, Enoch Suleiman","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v9i4b.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v9i4b.5","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to study a class of four-step modified backward differentiation formula (MBDF) for solving second-order ordinary differential equations, with one super-future point. A block method was constructed for the solution of problems of second-order ordinary differential equations. Adopting a step-number, k=4, we obtained a number of discrete methods in block. The stability properties of the block method were investigated using Maple application. In order to ascertain its suitability, the method was tested on some initial valued problems of second-order ordinary differential equations. The numerical solutions of the problems were compared with the respective exact solutions and of other existing methods, and are presented in both tables and graphs.","PeriodicalId":213779,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139624238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Dietary Pattern and Nutritional Status of Adolescents in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"Madaki Comfort Daniel, Salisu Maiwada Abubakar","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v9i4a.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v9i4a.6","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":213779,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"23 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms for breast cancer prediction","authors":"Kene Tochukwu Anyachebelu, Sukkushe Hannah Hosea, Muhammad, Umar Abdullahi, Maimuna Abdullahi Ibrahim","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v9i4b.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v9i4b.8","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is a global health concern, and early diagnosis is crucial for successful treatment. The objective of this paper is to conduct a comparative analysis of machine-learning algorithms for the prediction of breast cancer. This study used the Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer Dataset. Data preparation, technique selection, and performance evaluation are included in the study. The inquiry begins by comparing malignant and benign instances according to input factors and diagnostic outcomes. Finding components having an inverse relationship to the diagnosis is prioritized. Next, a careful approach is used to choose attributes to improve the dataset for model construction. The preprocessed data trains and optimizes four well-known machine learning algorithms: Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Logistic Regression. The models are evaluated for accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC curve. This study aimed to evaluate numerous breast cancer prediction systems to determine their strengths and weaknesses. To provide openness and replicability, the study uses the Jupyter Notebook platform, Python, and data analytic tools. The logistic regression model has a test accuracy percentage of 99.26%, surpassing all other models examined in this study. Furthermore, it has a minimum false positive rate (FPR) of 1 and a false negative rate (FNR) of 4. The model exhibits a higher level of precision in comparison to the studies examined in the literature review. This study is crucial for early diagnosis and therapy development. The effects include lower healthcare expenses, better patient outcomes, and better diagnostics. Machine learning has shown promise in fighting breast cancer, boosting its relevance in healthcare.","PeriodicalId":213779,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140509496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Generalized Family of Ratio-Product Exponential Type Estimator Using Power Transformation","authors":"F. S. Apantaku, O. Olayiwola, A.I. Adewole, A. A. Alagbe","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v9i4a.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v9i4a.7","url":null,"abstract":"Usage of Auxiliary information has been widely addressed in literature with a view of enhancing the precision of the estimators of  population parameters. this paper reviewed research works of some exponential and ratio type estimators for estimating the population  parameters using the population mean of an auxiliary variable. In this research, a generalized family of ratio-product type estimator of population mean as well as the coefficient of kurtosis of two auxiliary variables x and z under stratified random sampling has been  proposed using power transformation and exponential techniques. The Bias and MSE of proposed estimator have been derived up to  second order of approximation. The conditions in which the proposed estimator is better than existing estimators were obtained. The  empirical study shows that the proposed estimator is more efficient than existing estimators in reference to the validation statistics  employed. ","PeriodicalId":213779,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139623915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and application of gelatin based edible coating containing cellulose nanocrystal in the storage of fresh cucumber","authors":"H. K. Saka, Ibrahim Bala, O. O. Olaleye, Farida U. Ahmad, Ahmad K. Yerima, Abdullah T. Ibrahim, A. Adamu, H. Abdullahi, Mardiya S. Ayuba, Abdulqadir B. Ibrahim, Binta R. Isa, Fatima J. Babba","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v9i4b.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v9i4b.4","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) has attracted attention in recent times because of its unique properties. In this study, the ability of gelatin based edible coating containing CNC supplemented with glycerol was investigated to extend the shelf life of fresh cucumber (Cucumis sativum) for a storage period of 14 days. CNC was produced using chemical method and characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Filmogenic solution of gelatin was also produced by dissolving 10 g of gelatin powder in 100 ml of distilled water with 0, 1 and 4 g of CNC/10 g gel. The effect of two treatments alongside the control experiment was studied on some physicochemical and microbial assay were conducted. The result obtained indicate that the Derby Schrerer’s formula employed to calculate crystallite size of CNC yielded 5.9 nm. CNC- coated cucumber retained the green colour of cucumber in the first 7 days of storage. For each treatment, there were differences between the physicochemical parameters and the storage time. Weight loss, total soluble solids and titratable acidity effects were in direct correlation with the level of concentrations of the gelatin-based CNC. However, the level of retentions in ascorbic acid, flavonoids and alkaloids were higher in low treatment concentration (10000 ppm) than in the high concentration (40000 ppm) of the filmogenic coating material used. Results emanated from microbiological assays revealed that E. coli was found to be the predominant bacterial species identified in cucumber samples. No Salmonella sp. or Shigella sp. was isolated from the samples. Aspergillus sp. was found to be the most occurring fungal specie in the coated cucumber sample. Associated edible coating such as the gelatin-based CNC produced in this present research has provided reliable data for the shelf-life extension of fresh cucumber fruits at low concentration for a storage period of 2 weeks which could be used to extend the conservation period of fresh cucumber to support long period of time between harvest and transportation to distant markets.","PeriodicalId":213779,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139624312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}