Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum parasite among outpatients attending Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Teaching Hospital in Kano state, Nigeria.","authors":"H.Y. Idris, U. Anas, U. Abdulmalik, S. A. Jafar, A. Kabir","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.31","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmodium falciparum, which is the most dangerous and widespread malaria parasite in Nigeria, Annually, malaria contributes to a global estimate of 124 to 283 million cases, leading to 367,000 to 755,000 deaths. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum among outpatients attending Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Teaching Hospital in Kano State, Nigeria. Three hundred blood samples were collected and examined using both thick and thin Giemsa-stained blood smears. The overall malaria infection prevalence was found to be 34%. A questionnaire was employed to gather demographic information from outpatients attending the hospital. Regarding gender distribution, females 20% patient exhibited a higher malaria infection compared to males 14%, although statistical analysis revealed no significant differences. The prevalence of malaria varied across age groups, with those aged 21-30 experiencing the highest infection rate at 16%, while those above 60 had the lowest 2%. Educational status did not show statistical significance in relation to malaria infection, as patients with non-formal education had a higher prevalence of 13.7% compared to those with tertiary education. Concerning residence, rural areas showed a higher prevalence at 42.2% compared to urban areas at 23.8%, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Occupation status also played a role, with farmers having a higher malaria infection rate of 12.7% compared to civil servants at 5.7%. The use of preventive methods showed a significant impact, where patients employing insect-treated nets recorded a higher prevalence at 14.7% compared to those using bushes and gutters at 6.0%. Malaria remains prevalent among outpatients attending Muhammad Abdullahi Wase teaching in Kano State, Nigeria, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions, especially in rural areas, to mitigate the impact of Plasmodium falciparum infections.","PeriodicalId":213779,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Indium droplet assisted nucleation of InAs nanowires on graphite","authors":"Anyebe Ezekiel","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.11","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation of the Indium (In) droplet assisted nucleation of InAs nanowires (NWs) on graphite based on the quasi-van-der-Waals epitaxy method is reported. The surface morphology of as-grown NWs was studied using FEI XL30 SFEG scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) used for composition determination. Clear evidence is presented to demonstrate that the uniaxial growth of the InAs NWs directly on the underlying graphitic substrate is driven by the Indium droplets which etch nanoholes in the graphitic substrate and promote the formation of InAs seed particles underneath the NWs facilitating their vertical directionality. A high yield of InAs NWs exclusively in the [111]/[0001] growth direction on graphite is attributed to the InAs seeding particle. This report not only provides a better understanding of the InAs NWs nucleation on graphite but also unravels a cost-effective technique for obtaining a high yield of vertically oriented NWs on graphite with enormous potential for applications in highly efficient and flexible nano devices.","PeriodicalId":213779,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 87","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the constituent of non-triglyceride components of Jatropha seed oil","authors":"Fai F. Yirankinyunki, H. M. Adamu, Auwal A. Muhammad, Muhammad A. Shibdawa","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.18","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetable oils are mostly triglyceride of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid, but they also contain a small percentage of non- triglyceride components that belong to wide chemical classes and could contribute to the nutritive value or anti-nutritional value of the vegetable oil. Jatropha oil is non edible because it is considered to contain phorbol ester, a toxin and a tumour promoter that is found in jatropha seeds. This research was carried out with the aim of identifying the content of the volatile component of jatropha oil. Jatropha seeds were extracted with n-hexane using soxhlet extraction method and quality parameters of iodine value, acid value and peroxide value were determined. The Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were carried out in order to identify the volatile chemical compounds in the oil. The oil yield was 43.17%, and the iodine value, acid value and peroxide values were 100 mgI2 /100 g, 2.39 mgKOH/g, and 8.36 meq/kg respectively. The FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of compounds with the functional groups of alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, esters carboxylic acid, amine and carbonyl. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of twenty compounds of different chemical classes. It was concluded that jatropha seed oil contains many different types of compounds in addition to triglycerides.","PeriodicalId":213779,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis, spectroscopic analysis, and stabilisation energies of copper and manganese oxide nanoparticles from aqueous Mentha piperita leaf extract","authors":"Elisha Karu, B. Magaji, Rejoice Atiko, Fauziyya Bala","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.15","url":null,"abstract":"Manganese and copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized from the leaf extract of M. piperitha leaf extract were characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometry, FTIR, and SEM. In the UV- visible spectra strong absorption bands were observed at 600 and 403 nm for the manganese oxide and copper oxide nano particles respectively and these were ascribed to the plasmon resonance phenomenon, Significant but weak peaks observed at 617 cm-1 in the FTIR spectra of CuO NPs and 538 cm-1 in MnO NPs but totally absent from that of the plant extract were assigned to the metal – oxygen (M – O) stretching vibration. The detection of the M – O bond at low frequencies strongly confirms the formation of the NPs. The stabilization energies of the synthesized nano particles were calculated using Planck’s Quantization energy at their wavelengths of maximum excitation were found to be 299.3 and 200 kJ/mol at 400 nm and 600 nm for CuO and MnO NPS respectively","PeriodicalId":213779,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiproliferative potential of root bark extract of Adenodolichos Paniculatus (Hua & Hutch) against ovarian human cancer cell lines (A2780)","authors":"O. S. Ojerinde, P. Odumosu, T. Alemika","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.33","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal medicines remain a major birthplace of lead compounds for drug discovery and development. Adenodolichos paniculatus Hua & Hutch (Fabaceae) is a plant whose root bark was claimed to be used against diabetes mellitus and cancer in traditional medicine. This study aimed to isolate antiproliferative compounds from root barks of Adenodolichos paniculatus through bioassay-guided fractionation and to investigate the antiproliferative potentials of the isolated compounds against ovarian human cancer cell lines (A2780). The powdered root bark of Adenodolichos paniculatus was extracted with dichloromethane for 72 h to afford dichloromethane extract (DCM). The DCM was solvent-partitioned into hexane and aqueous methanol fractions. Based on the results of preliminary studies against the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line, the bioactive fraction (Hexane) was subjected to various chromagraphic techniques leading to the isolation of a triterpenoid saponin. The triterpenoid was screened against A2780 and subjected to various spectral analyses such as 1H, 13C NMR and MS to elucidate and characterise its structure. A triterpenoid saponin, 3,22-dihydroxy-3-O-β-D-glucosyloleanane isolated displayed antiproliferative effect against the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line, with IC50 value of 0.033 μM when compared with the standard Paclitaxel (IC50 = 0.013μM). The results significantly support the traditional use and the study revealed that the isolated compound possesses potential health benefits which might serve as a good molecular template in drug design for the development of new antiproliferative agents.","PeriodicalId":213779,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethanolic extract of Luffa cylindrica L. sponge ameliorates 4-Vinyl Cyclohexene Monoepoxide (VCM) – induced oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster","authors":"Ojerinde Stephen Olalekan, Balogun Opeyemi, Worusen Timothy Atando, Alemika Taiwo Emmanuel","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.32","url":null,"abstract":"Luffa cylindrica (Curcurbitaceae), is a plant whose leaves and fruits (sponge) are employed for the management of pain, inflammation as well as diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the ameliorative effects of Luffa cylindrica sponge on 4-Vinyl Cyclohexene Monoepoxide (VCM)–induced oxidative stress using Drosophila melanogaster model. The Luffa cylindrica sponge was crushed and extracted with 50% ethanol to facilitate ethanolic extract, Luffa cylindrica (LUC). The antioxidant activity of the extract was investigated via 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Both genders of Drosophila melanogaster aged between 1 and 3 days old were treated with vehicle (ethanol, negative control), gallic acid (0.1 mM), LUC (5 mg/10 g diet), LUC (10 mg/10 g diet), VCM (1 mM), (1 mM VCM + 0.1 mM gallic acid), (1 mM VCM + 5 mg/10 g diet) and (1 mM VCM + 10 mg/10 g diet) in the diet for 5 days of treatment. Afterwards, the survival and negative geotaxis assays were determined followed by the determination of the activities of total thiol, catalase, glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase. The results showed that LUC demonstrated significant antioxidant activity with 50 % Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) of 155.20 μg/mL compared with gallic acid (IC50 = 23.2 μg/mL). Furthermore, our results suggest that LUC significantly (p<0.05) regenerated VCM–induced depletion of total thiol and inhibition of catalase, glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase activities. Our findings revealed that Luffa cylindrica sponge extract possessed ameliorative effects on VCM–induced Drosophila melanogaster by increasing the activities of in vivo antioxidant enzymes. This study upheld the ethnomedical uses of Luffa cylindrica for the management of oxidative stress-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":213779,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of physico-chemical parameters, chemical elements and acute toxicity of Eleusine Coracana leaf","authors":"S. B. Borodo, S. Julde, Abubakar Sadiq Wada, Musa Aliyu, L. Bichi","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.36","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants are a source of bioactive compounds which are responsible for their therapeutic properties that are utilized in the treatment and management of several diseases. This study aimed at investigating the phytochemical, elemental constituents and acute toxicity profile of the powdered leaf of finger millet. The percentage yield and phytochemicals of the extract were determined using standard methods. Elemental analysis was conducted using Atomic Absorption Spectophotometre. OECD (425) method was used to estimate the acute toxicity profile of the extract. The percentage yield of the extract was 7.0%. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of: alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, steroids, saponins and tannins, while anthraquinones were found absent. Elemental analysis indicated the presence of calcium, cobalt, chromium, iron, magnesium and zinc. Cadmium and lead were below detection level while mercury was found to be below WHO limit. The LD50 was determined to be > 5000 mg/kg (OECD 425) with no signs of toxicity or mortality after 14 days.","PeriodicalId":213779,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family size preference and associated factors among women using antenatal care services in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"J. Sani, R. O. Yusuf, Y. Arigbede, A. Ahmed, A. W. Hassan, M. Danjuma, A. I. Bashir, S. A. Salihu","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.24","url":null,"abstract":"The family size preference of people holds significant implications for population management strategies, informed family planning choices, and focused healthcare interventions aimed at achieving better health outcomes. This study investigates the family size preferences (FSP) of women attending antenatal care (ANC) services in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria, while also identifying the factors that contribute to shaping their preferences. Data were collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire from 386 married women who were undergoing antenatal care in selected hospitals, chosen through cluster sampling. Descriptive statistics, the Chi-Square test, and multiple regression analysis were employed to analyze the data. A substantial proportion of women expressed a preference for having 3 to 4 children. Notably, factors such as age, age at marriage, and religious affiliation emerged as robust predictors of family size preference. The study findings indicate that younger women, those marrying at earlier ages, and adherents of the Islamic faith tend to exhibit a preference for larger family sizes. This study sheds light on the pivotal factors that influence family planning decisions among women, underscoring the significance of demographic considerations in the design of effective programs. The study offers valuable guidance for policymakers and healthcare practitioners, enabling the development of targeted interventions tailored to the specific needs of women in Kaduna thus enhancing family planning practices and more adept population management strategies.","PeriodicalId":213779,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a standalone photovoltaic system for the Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Complex, Gombe State University, Nigeria","authors":"M. L. Madugu, A. I. Nafada, Muhammad Mukhtar Danladi","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.19","url":null,"abstract":"Energy is generally essential to economic and social development and improves quality of life globally. Most of the residences derive their electricity from utility companies but due to their inefficient services some people have resort to diesel and gasoline powered generators among others. These machines are usually associated with noise pollution and also with the disadvantage of increasing the greenhouse gas emission which has a negative impact on the environment. It is therefore necessary to look for an alternative and reliable source of energy to obtain steady power in the Department of Physics, Faculty of Science complex in Gombe State University for effective learning condition. In this work, a standalone photovoltaic (PV) system was designed for the Department of physics to overcome some of the challenges mentioned earlier. The aim was achieved through energy audit, battery sizing, charge controller sizing, inverter sizing, and photovoltaic system sizing were carried out. In this research design analysis of PV system were carried out based on the load assessment of the Department of physics, faculty of science. The system was planned to have a 3 days of autonomy and has a total power of 13185W and total energy requirement 80897.857 Wh /day which would require 25280.580 AH; 141 photovoltaic panels of 280W each; 50 KVA rated inverter; 11 charge controller rated 60A each; panel covers area of 17.2 m2.","PeriodicalId":213779,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional and micro-structural properties of starch and flour produced from one indigenous and three improved local rice (Oryza sativa) varieties","authors":"Mustapha Hauwa Musa, Jude Kelechi Agomuo, M. Dandago, Kazeem Sogunle Atanda, Danbaba Nahemiah, Amon Terpase","doi":"10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v10i2a.4","url":null,"abstract":"Study on the functional and micro-structural quality of starch and flour obtained from four (4) varieties of rice was assessed. The quality aspect of the rice varieties was compared between local and improved variety (Faro 44, 52, 61 and Kwandala). The samples were processed to obtain flours and starches. The Proximate composition, micro-structure and functional attributes of the samples were analyzed. The percentage moisture contents in rice flours ranged from (8.39-8.68 %) while those of starches ranged from (8.68-9.98%). The percentage ash content of the flour samples analyzed ranged from (0.71-0.91%) while those of starches ranged from (0.49-0.64%). The percentage fat content of rice flour samples ranged from (1.55-2.15%) while those of starch ranged from (1.47-2.62%). The percentage protein content of rice flour ranged within (6.64-7.66%) while those of starches ranged between (6.99-7.88 %). The results of the CHO content of rice flour samples fell within (80.99-82.36%) while those of starches ranged from (80.50-81.51%). Starch yield content varied between (52.64-56.40%). The results of loose density and packed Bulk Density of rice flour ranged between (1.14-1.18g/mL) and (1.13-1.21g/mL), while loose bulk density and packed density of the rice starch ranged within (0.65-0.73g/ml) and (0.71-0.73g/mL). The results of Water Absorption Capacity of rice flour ranged within (1.58-1.86 g/g) while those of starch ranged between (1.90-1.99g/g). The results of Oil Absorption Capacity of rice flour ranged between (1.83-2.17g/g). While, those of starch ranged from (2.02-2.33g/g). The Gelling consistency of rice flour ranged between (16.32-35.54mm), meanwhile those of starch ranged from (17.05-60.35mm). Amylose content for rice flour ranged from (21.11-26.10 %) while those of starches ranged from (21.11-26.10%) and (21.35-25.14%). Amylopectin content of rice flours ranged from (20.09-23.67) while those of starches ranged from (19.94-23.70%). The granulated starch samples were polyhedral in shape with an average length - width of (4.96-6.56mm), while those of starch ranged from 5.55-5.77mm respectively. The rice starch to aid highest and lowest swelling power and solubility ranged between 24.43-33.02 °C and 11.50-18.23°C at 95°C, respectively.","PeriodicalId":213779,"journal":{"name":"Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}