SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants最新文献

{"title":"Identification and Quantification of Phosphate Ester-Based Hydraulic Fluid in Jet Fuel","authors":"Diana Stamker Gertopski, Konstantin Tartakovsky, M. Rabaev","doi":"10.4271/04-12-01-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/04-12-01-0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21365,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/04-12-01-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47572179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study of Ignition Delay, Combustion, and NO Emission Characteristics of Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil","authors":"Vladimir Krivopolianskii, Karl Oskar Pires Bjørgen, D. Emberson, Sergey Ushakov, V. Æsøy, T. Løvås","doi":"10.4271/04-12-01-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/04-12-01-0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21365,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/04-12-01-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47849772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diminishing Benefits of Federal Reformulated Gasoline (RFG) Compared to Conventional Gasoline (CG)","authors":"S. Hoekman, Amber Leland, Gary Bishop","doi":"10.4271/04-12-01-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/04-12-01-0001","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal reformulated gasoline (RFG) program originated with the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments to address high ozone and air toxics levels in major urban areas. These areas include portions of 17 states and represent approximately 30% of the total U.S. gasoline volume. Initially, formulation changes were limited to addition of oxygen and reductions in benzene and fuel Reid vapor pressure (RVP) levels. These reformulations were intended to meet minimum emissions reduction targets for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), air toxics, and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) when compared to a 1990 baseline gasoline in a “1990 technology” vehicle fleet. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) developed two computational models, the Simple Model in 1995 and the Complex Model in 1998, for use in demonstrating compliance with the regulations. This article reviews the derivation and evolution of the RFG program. Initially, RFG’s emissions reduction benefits compared to conventional gasoline (CG) resulted primarily from differences in fuel sulfur levels, benzene content, and RVP. However, due to other regulatory changes over the past two decades, the compositions of CG and RFG have nearly converged. Inserting annual average gasoline properties into the Complex Model shows that RFG’s predicted NOx and toxics reduction benefits have largely disappeared, while a VOC reduction benefit persists. This benefit results from CG’s higher summertime vapor pressure, due to the 1 psi RVP increase that is allowed for CG containing 10 vol.% ethanol. Due to fleet turnover and introduction of low-emitting, advanced technology vehicles, fleetwide vehicle emissions have decreased dramatically over the past 20 years. Considering this, along with the general erosion of RFG’s emissions reduction benefits, it is unlikely that RFG provides any demonstrable air quality benefit compared to CG today. RFG’s residual VOC benefit likely could be maintained by application of simpler RVP controls, rather than by continuation of the outdated RFG program. Downloaded from SAE International by Gary Bishop, Thursday, March 07, 2019","PeriodicalId":21365,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/04-12-01-0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41955241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement in DCT Shaft Lubrication through CFD Method","authors":"Zhan Cao, Yong Chen, Ting Su, L. Hai, L. Zang","doi":"10.4271/04-11-03-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/04-11-03-0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21365,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/04-11-03-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45983350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impacts of Pd in BEA Zeolite on Decreasing Cold-Start NMOG Emission of an E85 Fuel Vehicle","authors":"Lifeng Xu, J. Lupescu, G. Cavataio, Kevin Guo, H. Jen","doi":"10.4271/04-11-03-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/04-11-03-0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21365,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/04-11-03-0013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45730662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainty Assessment of Octane Index Framework for Stoichiometric Knock Limits of Co-Optima Gasoline Fuel Blends","authors":"D. Vuilleumier, X. Huan, T. Casey, Magnus Sjöberg","doi":"10.4271/04-11-03-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/04-11-03-0014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21365,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/04-11-03-0014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48290562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limitations of Monoolein in Simulating Water-in-Fuel Characteristics of EN590 Diesel Containing Biodiesel in Water Separation Testing","authors":"H. Arouni, U. Farooq, P. Goswami, N. Kapur, S. Russell","doi":"10.4271/04-11-03-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/04-11-03-0012","url":null,"abstract":"In modern diesel fuel a proportion of biodiesel is blended with petro-diesel to reduce environmental impacts. However, it can adversely affect the operation of nonwoven coalescing filter media when separating emulsified water from diesel fuel. This can be due to factors such as increasing water content in the fuel, a reduction in interfacial tension (IFT) between the water and diesel, the formation of more stable emulsions, and the generation of smaller water droplets. Standard water/diesel separation test methods such as SAE J1488 and ISO 16332 use monoolein, a universal surface-active agent, to simulate the effects of biodiesel on the fuel properties as part of water separation efficiency studies. However, the extent to which diesel/monoolein and diesel/biodiesel blends are comparable needs to be elucidated if the underlying mechanisms affecting coalescence of very small water droplets in diesel fuel with a low IFT are to be understood. \u0000\u0000To address this challenge, test fuels composed of reference diesel (REF diesel)/biodiesel and REF diesel/monoolein were experimentally studied to determine fuel properties such as IFT, water content, and dynamic viscosity, as well as online droplet size distributions with reference to IFT. It was found that biodiesel and monoolein do not influence the IFT of water in fuel in a comparable manner and resulting water droplet size distributions are substantially different. Fuels blended with biodiesel exhibited higher viscosity and water content than fuel freshly blended with monoolein. Online measurement of water droplet sizes revealed substantially smaller water droplets in biodiesel blends compared to monoolien blends at the same IFT measured using offline tensiometry. These results may be instructive for the development of standard test methods that simulate the effect of biodiesel blends in fuel-water separation, as well as for improving the design of fuel-water separation systems.","PeriodicalId":21365,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/04-11-03-0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42802064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Spray-Exhaust Gas Interactions on Ammonia Generation in SCR Mixing Sections","authors":"V. Schallhart, L. Moeltner","doi":"10.4271/04-11-02-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/04-11-02-0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21365,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants","volume":"11 1","pages":"181-200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/04-11-02-0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44840075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion Behavior of Automotive Materials with Biodiesel: A Different Approach","authors":"K. A. Sorate, P. V. Bhale","doi":"10.4271/04-11-02-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/04-11-02-0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21365,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants","volume":"11 1","pages":"147-162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/04-11-02-0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49625145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soot Observations and Exhaust Soot Comparisons from Ethanol-Blended and Methanol-Blended Gasoline Combustion in a Direct-Injected Engine","authors":"R. Vedula, Yifan Men, C. Atis, Tom Stuecken, G. Zhu, H. Schock, Steven T. Wooldridge","doi":"10.4271/04-11-02-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/04-11-02-0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21365,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants","volume":"11 1","pages":"163-180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/04-11-02-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42683714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}