Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation最新文献

{"title":"Baseline and longitudinal determinants of survival in end-stage renal disease: A joint longitudinal-survival analysis.","authors":"Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha, Abolghasem Shokri, Fatemeh Yasari, Neda Mohammadhasanshirazi, Maryam Kazemi, Abbas Alipour, Soheila Khodakarim","doi":"10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_204_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_204_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Evidence remains limited regarding how repeated biomarker measurements influence survival in individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study examined the prognostic role of both baseline biomarker levels and their longitudinal patterns in ESRD patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort included maintenance hemodialysis patients from Shahid Ayatollah Ashrafi Esfahani Hospital, Tehran, Iran, with at least 3 months of dialysis history. Cox regression assessed baseline predictors, while a joint longitudinal-survival model evaluated repeated albumin, hemoglobin, Kt/V, and urea reduction ratio (URR) measurements in relation to survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 330 ESRD patients were analyzed, with a mean age of 55.63 ± 15.57 years. In the joint model, each one-unit increase in the estimated current value of albumin, hemoglobin, Kt/V, and URR was linked to a lower risk of mortality over follow-up, with hazard ratios of 0.996 ( P = 0.009), 0.999 ( P = 0.015), 0.994 ( P = 0.039), and 0.988 ( P = 0.043), respectively. In Cox regression, higher white blood cell count increased mortality risk (Hazard ratio [HR]: 1.09, P = 0.025), whereas higher baseline log-ferritin, hemoglobin, and URR reduced risk, with HRs of 0.83 ( P = 0.042), 0.85 ( P < 0.001), and 0.13 ( P = 0.035), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current study showed that longitudinal changes in markers such as albumin, hemoglobin, Kt/V, and URR may be important predictors of survival in patients with ESRD. Evaluation of baseline marker levels, along with longitudinal changes, nutritional status, age, and body mass index, may be important for determining survival among patients with ESRD.</p>","PeriodicalId":21356,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renoprotective Effects of AdipoRon in Preclinical Models of Renal Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Nemer Alotaibi, Mohammad Azhar Rashikh, Abdulrahman M Alshahrani, Saad Mohammed Alsaab, Ghallab Alotaibi, Noureldaim Elnoman Elbadawi","doi":"10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_110_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_110_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>AdipoRon has shown promising metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects by activating the AMPK and PPARα pathways. However, its renal effects have not been systematically assessed. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of AdipoRon in mitigating renal injury based on preclinical evidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Central for publications up to December 2025. The SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies. Quantitative synthesis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1, employing standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) under random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 statistic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis, and four provided extractable data for meta-analysis. AdipoRon significantly reduced albuminuria (SMD = -2.64, 95% CI -3.41 to -1.87, p < 0.001) and triglyceride levels (SMD = -1.65, 95% CI -2.28 to -1.01, p < 0.001) with negligible heterogeneity. Mechanistic analyses indicated that AdipoRon attenuated oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis by activating the AMPK and PPARα signalling pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AdipoRon demonstrated consistent nephroprotective effects in preclinical models, primarily through metabolic and anti-inflammatory modulation. Despite heterogeneity in some outcomes, findings support its potential as a candidate for renal protection. Further standardized and translational studies are needed to confirm these effects in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21356,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nephrotic range proteinuria in adults: Clinicopathological experience from a single institute in rural North India.","authors":"Aayushi Chauhan, Maitrayee Roy, Sudhir Mehta, Ayushi Kediya, Vishesh Dhawan","doi":"10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_150_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_150_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The western literature is increasingly reporting focal segmental glomerulosclerosis overtaking membranous nephropathy as the leading cause of nephrotic range proteinuria in adults. However, data from a socioeconomically and geographically diverse nation like India are limited and does not entirely align with Western observations. We undertook this study to evaluate the spectrum of glomerular diseases presenting as nephrotic range proteinuria in adults, and to establish its clinico-pathological correlation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety patients presenting with adult-onset nephrotic range proteinuria, who underwent USG-guided percutaneous renal biopsy, were evaluated clinically and histopathologically over 4 years in a tertiary care centre in north India.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority (28.9%) of patients were in 18-28 years age group (mean age, 39.36 years), with a 1.7:1 male-to-female ratio. The most common presenting complaint was generalised body swelling/pedal oedema (94.4%). Podocytopathy, including non-proliferative glomerulopathy suggestive of minimal change disease (26.6%) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (15.6%) combined, constituted the largest category (42.2%) of glomerular diseases manifesting as nephrotic range proteinuria in adult patients. Membranous nephropathy accounted for 23.33% of cases. The other etiologies included 13 (14.4%) cases of IgA nephropathy, 6 (6.6%) cases each of diabetic nephropathy and immune complex-mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, 4 (4.4%) cases of AA-type amyloidosis, and 2 (2.2%) cases of lupus nephritis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study reinforces that the etiologic spectrum of adult-onset nephrotic range proteinuria in India did not entirely mirror Western trends. Podocytopathies represented the largest category, emphasising the ongoing epidemiologic transition in glomerular diseases, advocating a need for continued regional surveillance and multicenter data integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":21356,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of magnesium disorders and its correlation with mortality and biochemical parameters in patients undergoing renal dialysis.","authors":"Zahra Lotfi, Reza Moalem, Elham Shaarbaf Eidgahi, Mehrdad Gazanchian, Mahboobeh Isadkhah, Abbas Ali Zeraati, Amir Yarahmadi","doi":"10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_505_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_505_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The current study aimed to investigate magnesium (Mg) disorders and its correlation with mortality and biochemical parameters in patients undergoing renal dialysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted among 326 dialysis patients and 131 age-matched controls between January 2017 and November 2019. The patient's biochemical parameters, including Mg, TSH, FT4, FT3, PTH, creatinine, ferritin, iron, haemoglobin, sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus, were measured. Also clinicodemographic characteristics of patients were collected by reviewing each patient past medical history.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our data showed that among 326 patients undergoing dialysis, 64 (19.6%) patients had hypomagnesaemia, and 101 (30.9%) had hypermagnesemia. Also, serum Mg levels were significantly higher in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis compared to the haemodialysis patients ( p = 0.008). Moreover, there were significant differences between serums potassium (K + ), phosphorus (P), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and creatinine (Cr) levels in patients with different serum Mg concentrations ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, our study results showed that serum Mg levels in dialysis patients were higher than normal subjects. Interestingly, our results showed that serum Mg levels were not associated with the mortality rate in dialysis patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As Mg disorders could affect a dialysis patient's outcome in so many different ways, we advise the regular monitoring of a patient's Mg levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":21356,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safranal ameliorates glomerulopathy in experimentally induced diabetic rats.","authors":"Amir Abbas Farshid, Esmaeal Tamaddonfard, Farahnaz Noroozinia, Fatemeh Delkhosh-Kasmaie, Mehdi Imani, Amir Erfanparast","doi":"10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_542_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_542_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nephropathy occurs in 20%-40% of patients with diabetes. Many research works carried out on different agents to prevent or ameliorate the nephropathy caused by diabetes.</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>This study was programmed to investigate the effects of safranal on glomerulopathy induced by experimental diabetes in rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), followed by safranal (0.025, 0.1, and 0.4 mg/kg) and insulin (5 IU/kg) treatments for 6 weeks. To the control group, after an intraperitoneal injection of citrate buffer, rats were randomly received administrations of normal saline. Blood glucose levels were determined at fixed intervals before and after induction of diabetes. On the 45th day, after blood collection from the heart for biochemical analysis, the animals were euthanized and kidney tissues were collected, fixed, processed, and stained with H and E, Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and Masson trichrome for histopathology observation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hyperglycemia, the increased serum levels of urea, creatinine, and malondialdehyde, and the decreased serum activity of superoxide dismutase induced by STZ were restored by safranal (0.1 and 0.4 mg/kg) and insulin. Safranal and insulin ameliorated STZ-induced glomerular changes, including thickening and splitting of glomerular basement membrane, expansion of mesangial matrix, mesangiolysis, hyperplasia, and fibrosis. No significant differences were observed between the alleviating effects of safranal (4 mg/kg) and insulin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is concluded that safranal produced beneficial effects in diabetic rats by antihyperglycemic, antioxidative, and insulinomimetic mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":21356,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation","volume":" ","pages":"161-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to the letter.","authors":"Muhammad Abdul Mabood Khalil, Mohammed Ahmed Abdou Eissa, Hinda Hassan Khideer Mahmood, Nihal Mohammed Sadagah, Krishann Baguio, Hisham Ismael Mohamed Sakran, Fadel A Alrowaie, Salem H Al-Qurashi","doi":"10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_316_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_316_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21356,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation","volume":"37 3","pages":"219-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of children treated with rituximab for steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: Renal histopathology as a response marker.","authors":"Abdullah A Alsalloum, Afrah Hassan Farhat, Adi Al-Herbish, Abdulelah Alshaiban, Naif Abdulmajeed, Mohammed Al Hissi, Suha Salim, Amull Fariss, Reem Abdullah Shagal, Osman Abduldafaee Mohammed, Mohammed S Abdulla, Muneera Al-Jelaify, Khalid Alhasan","doi":"10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_10_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_10_26","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) in children remains a major therapeutic challenge. Although calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are commonly used as first-line therapy, a substantial proportion of patients fail to achieve remission, and prolonged use may result in nephrotoxicity. Rituximab has emerged as a potential therapeutic option for refractory SRNS; however, treatment responses appear variable, and the influence of underlying renal histopathology remains incompletely understood.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between renal histopathological findings and clinical response to rituximab in children with CNI-resistant SRNS.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Study design and setting: This prospective observational study was conducted between 2011 and 2020 at a university-affiliated tertiary pediatric nephrology center. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of rituximab in children with CNI-resistant SRNS and to examine the association between renal histopathological findings and treatment response. Twenty-four children aged 2-12 years were enrolled. Follow-up: Patients were followed prospectively after completion of rituximab therapy through regular clinical and laboratory assessments. The mean follow-up duration after the last rituximab infusion was 5.1 years (range: 6 months-8 years). treatment response definitions: Complete remission was defined according to International Pediatric Nephrology Association recommendations as a urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) ≤20 mg/mmol (≤0.2 mg/mg) or negative/trace proteinuria on dipstick testing on at least three consecutive occasions. Partial remission was defined as a UPCR &gt;20 mg/mmol but &lt;200 mg/mmol together with serum albumin ≥30 g/L. No response was defined as failure to achieve either complete or partial remission. Genetic evaluation: Genetic testing was performed in all patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), classic minimal change disease (MCD), and MCD with immunoglobulin M (IgM) deposition. No pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants associated with monogenic SRNS were identified in the tested patients. Genetic testing was not performed in patients with IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, C1q nephropathy, or dense deposit disease (DDD).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Twenty-four children with SRNS were included (13 males and 11 females; age range 2-12 years). Histopathological diagnoses included FSGS in nine patients (37.5%), MCD in 4 (16.7%), MCD with IgM deposition in 6 (25.0%), DDD in 2 (8.3%), membranous nephropathy in 1 (4.2%), IgA nephropathy in 1 (4.2%), and C1q nephropathy in 1 (4.2%). Overall, 10 patients (41.7%) achieved complete remission and 3 (12.5%) achieved partial remission, predominantly among patients with MCD and MCD with IgM deposition. Responses were uncommon among patients with FSGS. Eleven patients (45.8%), all of whom were non-responders, pro","PeriodicalId":21356,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation","volume":" ","pages":"168-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of nurse led intervention on kidney transplant recipients at a tertiary care hospital - A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Ujjwal Dahiya, Kamli Prakash, Sandeep Mahajan, Nand Kumar","doi":"10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_116_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_116_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the effectiveness of nurse led intervention on self-care behavior, psychological symptoms, and quality of life among kidney transplant recipients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was a prospective, randomized controlled, parallel group, interventional, single-center trial with two arms (registry no: CTRI/2018/12/016630, www.ctri.nic.in ). It comprised 120 kidney transplant recipients attending transplant clinic who had completed 3 months after transplantation. They were randomized to receive either standard care ( n = 60) or standard care plus nurse led intervention ( n = 60). Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using self-structured questionnaire, self-care behavior was assessed by self-care practice checklist, and Morisky Green Levine Adherence Scale. Psychological symptoms and quality of life were assessed by Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 and WHO-QOL BREF, respectively. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 9 months postrandomization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the participants was 40.05 ± 10.91 years in experimental and 39.45 ± 10.09 years in control group. Baseline characteristics in the groups were comparable. Nurse led intervention showed significant difference in the self-care behavior (self-care practice total [ F = 28.30, P < 0.001]; adherence to therapy [ U = 1436.0, P = 0.03]), psychological symptoms (stress [ F = 35.74, P < 0.001], anxiety [ F = 46.37, P < 0.001], depression [ F = 65.92, P < 0.001]) between the experimental and control groups. No significant differences were seen in QOL except in physical domain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nurse led intervention with follow-up improved self-care behavior and reduced psychological symptoms among kidney transplant recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21356,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation","volume":" ","pages":"182-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative molecular stratification of steroid response in childhood nephrotic syndrome.","authors":"Majid A Almeshary, Dalia T Hussein, Manar Refaat, Ahmed M El-Refaey, Omali Y El-Khawaga","doi":"10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_166_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_166_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a glomerular disorder, with significant morbidity globally. Given the challenge of glucocorticoid resistance, this study aimed to evaluate actionable genetic and epigenetic biomarkers to enable early prediction of therapeutic response.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>This study comprised 70 pediatric NS patients enrolled from Mansoura University Children's Hospital's Nephrology Department, compared to 70 apparently healthy children of the same sex and age distribution (control group). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted for all subjects for the determination of exosomal (miR-331-3p and miR-486-3p) and MAP2K7 expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RT-PCR results showed a significant reduction in exosomal (miR-331-3p and miR-486-3p) expression levels, and MAP2K7 in the NS group against the control. In addition, in particular, a significant decrease in steroid-resistant NS (SRNS) compared to the other NS subtypes was observed. These markers have proved a discriminating ability to differentiate NS patients from controls and to predict susceptibility of SRNS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The identified markers exosomal (miR-331-3p and miR-486-3p) represented a moderate level of diagnostic accuracy in differentiating between NS patients and controls, with particular efficacy of exosomal miR-331-3p in segregating SRNS cases. These findings suggest potential utility as early predictive biomarkers for glucocorticoid treatment response.</p>","PeriodicalId":21356,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation","volume":" ","pages":"153-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic dehydration in older adults: An underestimated health hazard.","authors":"Tej K Mattoo, Hong Lu","doi":"10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_188_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjkdt.sjkdt_188_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>In contrast to acute dehydration, which is usually recognized through identifiable risk factors, clinical signs, and laboratory abnormalities, chronic dehydration develops insidiously and frequently goes unrecognized. This is particularly true in older adults, among whom many of its nonspecific manifestations, such as weakness, constipation, headache, dizziness, gait instability, and confusion, are often mistakenly attributed to normal aging. This population is especially vulnerable to chronic dehydration because of age-related normal physiological changes, compounded by physical, cognitive, psychological, climate, and other environmental influences. Inadequate hydration is associated with impairments in physical, cognitive, and emotional functioning, reduced alertness, and diminished exercise tolerance. It may also alter drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, increasing the risk of medication-related adverse events. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic dehydration contributes to neurocognitive decline and the progression of some chronic diseases, while increasing susceptibility to acute fluid deficits associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Because its presentation is often subtle and nonspecific, recognizing chronic dehydration in older adults, including those who are otherwise healthy, requires a high index of suspicion. Greater awareness is essential for prevention, early detection, and management of chronic dehydration in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":21356,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation","volume":" ","pages":"136-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}