{"title":"Power System Equipment Cyber-Physical Risk Assessment Based on Architecture and Critical Clearing Time","authors":"Hao Huang, K. Davis","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587429","url":null,"abstract":"With the trend of constructing Internet protocol (IP)-based systems, modern power grids are involving into integrated networks made up of cyber and physical infrastructure with the goal of improving stability, reliability, and efficiency. Cyber technology is the backbone of modern power grid operation, yet vulnerabilities in the cyber network can introduce cyber-enabled disruption of physical components, which may lead catastrophic outcomes. Thus, cyber-physical equipment assessment is needed for modern power grids to better prepare against unexpected contingencies. In this paper, the digital relay is representative of cyber-physical equipment in power grids since it is a connector between the cyber network and the physical infrastructure. This paper presents two methods to evaluate cyber-physical risk of all digital relays in a power system. These methods are based on cyber-physical architecture and critical clearing time respectively. The analysis is conducted on an 8-substation model with its cyber network and cyber-physical architecture. The ranks of each digital relay provide useful information for situational awareness in modern power grids. An online framework that evaluates cyber-physical assets in power systems from these two perspectives is presented.","PeriodicalId":213523,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","volume":"442 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115856937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Impact of Synchronization Attacks on Distributed and Cooperative Control in Microgrid Systems","authors":"Mingxiao Ma, Abdelkader Lahmadi","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587491","url":null,"abstract":"Microgrids are adopted to provide distributed generation of renewable energy resources and scalable integration of loads. To ensure the reliability of their power system operations, distributed and cooperative control schemes are proposed by integrating communication networks at their control layers. However, the information exchanged at the communication channels is vulnerable to malicious attacks aiming to introduce voltage instability and blackouts. In this paper, we design and evaluate a novel type of attacks on the cooperative control and communication layers in microgrids, where the attacker targets the communication links between distributed generators (DGs) and manipulates the reference voltage data exchanged by their controllers. We analyze the control-theoretic and detectability properties of this attack to assess its impact on reference voltage synchronization at the different control layers of a microgrid. Results from numerical simulation are presented to demonstrate this attack, and the maximum voltage deviation and inaccurate reference voltage synchronization it causes in the microgrid.","PeriodicalId":213523,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123424818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Short-term Electric Load Prediction Using Multiple Linear Regression Method","authors":"Juntae Kim, Seokheon Cho, Kabseok Ko, R. Rao","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587489","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides new techniques to predict electric loads using a multiple linear regression (MLR) model, which adopts a statistical approach that assumes that past load and weather data can provide information for forecasting the target load. However, there are some application problems when the observed data is insufficient or the reference load deviates from the training data set. To solve these problems, we introduce new methods such as approximately adaptive searching and compensation. The results of case study show whether our new methods work well with real data.","PeriodicalId":213523,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123712862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performing a Virtual Field Test of a New Monitoring Method for Smart Power Grids","authors":"J. Menke, F. Schäfer, M. Braun","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587551","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a virtual field test to evaluate the performance of a new grid monitoring method using artificial neural networks (ANN) under realistic operating conditions. The ANN monitoring method is able to accurately estimate voltage magnitudes of distribution grids with high penetration of distributed generators without the need for a redundant amount of measurements. The simulation framework OpSim allows a logical separation of a grid simulator and a simple distribution grid control center to create a realistic testing environment. A CIGRE benchmark grid with diverse distributed energy resources and corresponding time series is used in a grid simulator. Measurements are derived from the simulator and sent to the control center via the simulation message bus. The ANN monitoring method makes use of the measurements to estimate all bus voltage magnitudes. These can, in turn, be used by a transformer tap controller to control the overall voltage profile of the grid to stay within desired limits. Transformer tap set points are returned to the grid simulator if limits are violated. The performance of both the monitoring method and its impact on the tap controller are evaluated under normal operation, bad data and delayed measurement cases. Results show that the ANN monitoring method works reliably and accurately.","PeriodicalId":213523,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121295160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Service Abstraction Layer for Building Operating Systems: Enabling portable applications and improving system resilience","authors":"Jakob Hviid, M. Kjærgaard","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587543","url":null,"abstract":"For large scale implementation of Demand Response programs, applications enabling Demand Response would need to be portable between buildings. Building Operating Systems are an essential strategic piece for enabling portable applications, which work with several hardware implementations from different vendors. These building operating systems can effectively be used to implement large-scale Demand Response implementations. Currently, though, the service layer of building operating systems requires direct integration with specific services, and thereby have requirements for specific implementations of services to be present in a specific building. This paper proposes the introduction of a Service Abstraction Layer to decouple the application from the specific implementations of services, as well as to introduce the concept of redundancy in service responsibility areas. These changes would allow for application portability between buildings but also allow for building operating system resiliency.A prototype abstraction layer is implemented and tested. Results show the introduction of a Service Abstraction Layer has promising benefits for building operating systems, and successfully decouples the applications from the building operating system implementation, as well as improving system reliability and resiliency. For smart grid applications, the addition of a service abstraction layer allows for large-scale portable applications, but would still require some form of standardization of communication protocols for different service types.","PeriodicalId":213523,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116387307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Feasible Region of Coupling Multi-Energy System: Modeling, Characterization and Visualization","authors":"Yong-Feng Zhang, H. Chiang, Jia Su","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587515","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a trajectory-based methodology is proposed for characterizing and visualizing the feasible region of the coupling multi-energy system. A nonlinear dynamic system called quotient gradient system (QGS) play a fundamental role, which is constructed by the set of equality and inequality constraints. The theoretical relationship between the feasible region of the coupling multi-energy system and the union of the stable equilibrium manifolds of QGS is established. In other words, the feasible region can be characterized by the stable equilibrium manifolds of QGS. Moreover, the fact that each trajectory of QGS converges to an equilibrium manifold is proven, which is useful in visualizing the feasible region. Finally, the results of coupling multi-energy feasibility region problems developed have been numerically verified in a simple coupling heat and electricity network.","PeriodicalId":213523,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116879731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bayesian Detection of Islanding Events Using Voltage Angle Measurements","authors":"T. Rabuzin, Jan Lavenius, N. Taylor, L. Nordström","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587561","url":null,"abstract":"The growing presence of distributed generation in power systems increases the risk for the unintentional creation of electrical islands. It is important to apply reliable and quick is-landing protection methods. At the same time, the deployment of phasor measurement units facilitates the usage of data-oriented techniques for the development of new wide-area protection applications, one of which is islanding protection. This paper presents a Bayesian approach to detecting an islanding event, which utilizes measurements of voltage angles at the system’s buses. A model of mixtures of probabilistic principal component analysers has been fitted to the data using a variational inference algorithm and subsequently used for islanding detection. The proposed approach removes the need for setting parameters of the probabilistic model. The performance of the method is demonstrated on synthetic power system measurements.","PeriodicalId":213523,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132380875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards Concise Models of Grid Stability","authors":"Vadim Arzamasov, Klemens Böhm, P. Jochem","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587498","url":null,"abstract":"Decentral Smart Grid Control (DSGC) is a new system implementing demand response without significant changes of the infrastructure. It does so by binding the electricity price to the grid frequency. While models of DSGC exist, they rely on various simplifying assumptions. For example, researchers have assumed that the behavior of all participants in the grid is identical. In this paper we study how data-mining techniques can help to remove some of these simplifications, while keeping the representation of the insights concise. We systematically collect the various assumptions and identify questions regarding the system that are still open. Next, we run many simulations, with diverse input values. Finally, we apply decision trees to the resulting data and show that this indeed provides new insights. For example, we discover that the system can be stable even if some participants adapt their energy consumption with a high delay, or that fast adaptation is preferable for system stability.","PeriodicalId":213523,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122623594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adjusted Feature-Aware k-Nearest Neighbors: Utilizing Local Permutation-Based Error for Short-Term Residential Building Load Forecasting","authors":"M. Vos, Asmaa Haja, S. Albayrak","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587534","url":null,"abstract":"Household load profiles are more fluctuating than higher aggregated load profiles and relative forecast errors are comparatively high. To handle this, adjusted error metric and average concepts have been proposed to be used to obtain more suitable forecasting algorithms. These algorithms have so far only been compared for day-ahead forecasts. They are further not considering external features such as numerical weather data or calendar-based information. We present an extension of an algorithm based on k-nearest neighbors that is capable of incorporating such external features, the Adjusted Feature-Aware k-Nearest Neighbors (AFKNN). We show on 220 households of the Pecan Street dataset that forecast accuracy can be improved for buildings with electrical heating and cooling as well as for intra-day forecasting, at the cost of higher modeling complexity.","PeriodicalId":213523,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","volume":"257 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128850554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrical Appliance Classification using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks on High Frequency Current Measurements","authors":"Daniel Jorde, Thomas Kriechbaumer, H. Jacobsen","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2018.8587452","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring the energy demand of appliances can raise consumer awareness and therefore reduce energy consumption. Using a single-point measurement of mains energy consumption can keep costs and hardware complexity to a minimum. This data stream of raw voltage and current measurements can be used in machine learning tasks to extract information. We apply Deep Convolutional Neural Networks on an electrical appliance classification task, using raw high frequency start up events from two datasets. We further present Data Augmentation techniques to improve the model performance and evaluate different data normalization techniques. We achieve a perfect classification on WHITED and a Fl-Score of 0.69 on PLAID.","PeriodicalId":213523,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128775087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}