Reumatologia最新文献

{"title":"Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy as the main manifestation of giant cell arteritis: a case-based literature review.","authors":"Nina Barankiewicz-Tyc, Norbert Wąsik, Przemysław Majewski, Karolina Kania, Jakub Moskal, Alicja Kalinowska","doi":"10.5114/reum/207774","DOIUrl":"10.5114/reum/207774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case-based literature review aims to challenge a common misconception that elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, halo sign on temporal artery ultrasound, and arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy are essential to make a diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA). Here, we present a case of a 70-year-old woman with a biopsy-proven GCA who met the 2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Giant Cell Arteritis. On admission she complained of left temporal headache, left scalp tenderness, constitutional symptoms and visual disturbances in her left eye that was diagnosed as posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and CRP levels were within normal limits, and the patient had no halo sign on the temporal artery ultrasound. It is crucial to carefully evaluate visual disturbances in elderly patients, since missing a diagnosis of GCA can have catastrophic consequences, such as bilateral blindness, aortic dissection, stroke, or myocardial infarction.</p>","PeriodicalId":21312,"journal":{"name":"Reumatologia","volume":"64 1","pages":"65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13022965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of remission in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis using an ultrasonography-based enthesitis score: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Emrah Koç, Burak Okyar, Sibel Bakırcı, Suade Özlem Badak, Ali Nail Demir, İsmail Uçar, Gökhan Sargın, Servet Yüce, Emine Duygu Ersözlü","doi":"10.5114/reum/208524","DOIUrl":"10.5114/reum/208524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate ultrasonographic entheseal abnormalities in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) who were in clinical remission for at least 6 months and receiving either nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or biologic agents.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Seventy-two r-axSpA patients were included, divided into NSAID users (<i>n</i> = 23) and biologic agent users (<i>n</i> = 49). Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Ultrasound assessment was performed bilaterally at 10 entheseal sites using a 7-13 MHz linear probe. Elementary lesions defined by OMERACT - hypoechogenicity, thickening, power Doppler (PD) signal, calcification, enthesophyte, and bone erosion - were evaluated and scored on a scale of 0-3. Inflammation scores included hypoechogenicity, thickening, and PD signal; chronicity scores included bone erosion, enthesophyte, and calcification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 720 entheseal sites were analyzed. The quadriceps tendon was the most frequently affected site (98.6%), followed by the distal patellar tendon (94.4%), Achilles tendon (70.8%), and plantar fascia (70.8%). Hypoechogenicity, thickening, enthesophyte formation, and bone erosion were the most common abnormalities, while PD signals and calcifications were rare. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug users showed significantly higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (0.62 ±0.53 vs. 0.41 ±0.27 mg/dl, <i>p</i> = 0.027) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels (11.91 ±7.72 vs. 7.65 ±5.66 mm/h, <i>p</i> = 0.010) than biologic users, despite similar Axial Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity Score with CRP score. Mean inflammation, tissue damage, and total ultrasound (US) enthesitis scores were 4.85 ±4.37, 6.44 ±4.44, and 11.24 ±8.21, respectively, with no significant difference between treatment groups. Seven biologic-treated, overweight, or obese patients had markedly elevated total US scores (30.43 ±5.83), suggesting persistent entheseal inflammation and structural damage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ultrasound-based enthesitis scoring may reveal subclinical disease activity in r-axSpA patients in remission, highlighting the added value of integrating musculoskeletal US into disease monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":21312,"journal":{"name":"Reumatologia","volume":"63 6","pages":"389-397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12824998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing bleeding control in total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis and rheumatic diseases: strategies and insights.","authors":"Łukasz Pulik, Beata Monika Barszczak, Marcin Kowalski, Paweł Łęgosz","doi":"10.5114/reum/208945","DOIUrl":"10.5114/reum/208945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is effective for treating end-stage osteoarthritis but often results in significant blood loss, necessitating optimized management strategies. A literature review of meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and clinical trials was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. The acronym TKA-BLED encapsulates effective blood loss management strategies. Tranexamic acid: reduces blood loss by 591 ml and decreases transfusion rates. Keep femoral canal closed: saves 381 ml by minimizing hidden loss. Apply cryotherapy: conserves 264 ml while reducing pain and swelling. Be aware of tourniquet use: limits intraoperative loss but increases total postoperative blood loss and complications. Limit drain use: retains 318 ml through the tamponade effect. Elevate the knee: decreases blood loss by up to 257 ml. Decrease operative time: saves 14 ml per minute. The TKA-BLED protocol effectively reduces blood loss and transfusion needs, improving patient outcomes. More research is needed to validate its long-term efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":21312,"journal":{"name":"Reumatologia","volume":"63 6","pages":"426-434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12828902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body mass index and lower limb diameters in total knee arthroplasty outcomes and surgical planning.","authors":"Marcin Łapiński, Monika Wyszyńska, Emilia Buzek, Grzegorz Maciąg, Bartosz Maciąg, Olga Adamska, Atanas Atanasov, Artur Stolarczyk","doi":"10.5114/reum/211452","DOIUrl":"10.5114/reum/211452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a commonly performed surgery that can successfully treat end-stage osteoarthritis (OA). Obesity is a known risk factor for OA and its progression, but its impact on postoperative satisfaction and implant sizing remains unclear. The current study aimed to assess the association of preoperative body mass index (BMI) and lower limb dimensions with TKA component sizing and patient-reported outcomes.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We retrospectively assessed 108 patients (43 males, 65 females) undergoing primary TKA with a Journey II BCS prosthesis, without patellar resurfacing, between January and November 2023. The mean patient age was 67.4 ±4.1 years, with a mean BMI of 29.3 ±3.9 kg/m². Patients were divided into 2 groups based on BMI: normal weight (< 25; <i>n</i> = 41) and overweight/obese (≥ 25; <i>n</i> = 67). Lower limb widths and component sizes were obtained from postoperative radiographs and protocols. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the KOOS and WOMAC questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed to assess correlations between BMI, limb dimensions, implant size, and patient satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were found between the normal-weight and overweight patients in the diameters of the femoral (15.8 ±2.1 cm vs. 17.3 ±1.9 cm, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and lower leg (14.0 ±1.5 cm vs. 12.5 ±1.2 cm, <i>p</i> = 0.002) areas. However, no significant correlation was found between BMI, limb dimensions, and implant size for the femoral (<i>p</i> = 0.94) and tibial components (<i>p</i> = 0.48). Although patient-reported outcomes were similar between groups, with slightly better results in the normal-weight group, no statistical significance was found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Body mass index affects lower limb sizes but does not predict implant sizing in TKA. Furthermore, no difference in patient satisfaction postoperatively between BMI categories was observed. The findings indicate that demographic factors may not be adequate to achieve precision in preoperative templating. Instead, surgical planning should be individualized, based on comprehensive anatomical measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":21312,"journal":{"name":"Reumatologia","volume":"63 6","pages":"398-404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12824996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in non-infectious uveitis in axial spondyloarthropathy and their ocular side effects.","authors":"Ilona Katarzyna Jędrzejewska, Katarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka, Joanna Gołębiewska","doi":"10.5114/reum/203750","DOIUrl":"10.5114/reum/203750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Axial spondyloarthropathy (axSpA) belongs to a group of chronic, progressive inflammatory diseases with a variety of clinical manifestations, including musculoskeletal and extra-articular symptoms. The most common extra-articular manifestation in patients with axSpA is uveitis, which usually involves the anterior segment, can be recurring, and is a vision-threatening complication. Ocular complications can result from the disease itself, as well as from the therapy used to treat it. Treatment for axSpA is based on both pharmacological and non-pharmacological management. Biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are an effective and constantly evolving form of axSpA therapy; however, their application and side effects remain under study. The aim of this article is to summarize current knowledge about the efficacy of biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs in non-infectious uveitis in axSpA and delineate their effect on the organ of vision.</p>","PeriodicalId":21312,"journal":{"name":"Reumatologia","volume":"63 6","pages":"405-415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12824999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis - ongoing debate about dosage and route of administration.","authors":"Brygida Kwiatkowska","doi":"10.5114/reum/215662","DOIUrl":"10.5114/reum/215662","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21312,"journal":{"name":"Reumatologia","volume":"63 6","pages":"365-367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12824995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis across the eosinophilic spectrum: from molecular mechanisms to practical differential diagnosis and targeted therapy.","authors":"Aleksandra Hus, Małgorzata Wisłowska","doi":"10.5114/reum/214426","DOIUrl":"10.5114/reum/214426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis defined by asthma, hypereosinophilia, and multiorgan involvement. Differentiating EGPA from other eosinophilic disorders is crucial because management differs substantially. The aim of the study is to summarize the pathogenesis, epidemiology, genetics, clinical manifestation, and treatment of EGPA and to provide a comparative differential diagnosis of eosinophilic disorders.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Narrative review using the 2022 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) classification criteria, 2024 EULAR recommendations, pivotal randomized trials, and major consensus statements; search strategy and selection criteria are detailed in the Introduction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis comprises 2 immunologic endotypes - ANCA-positive and ANCA-negative - with distinct organ tropism and therapeutic implications. The interleukin-5 (IL-5)-eosinophil axis is central, supporting anti-IL-5/IL-5R biologics in relapsing or refractory disease. A structured differential first excludes secondary hypereosinophilia (parasites, drugs, malignancies) and then addresses pulmonary \"mimics\".</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An algorithm combining exclusion of secondary causes with organ and endotype profiling enables targeted therapy and reduced glucocorticosteroids exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":21312,"journal":{"name":"Reumatologia","volume":"64 1","pages":"46-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13022962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical inactivity and other cardiovascular risk factors in patients with psoriatic arthritis: Do we really \"kill two birds with one stone\" by managing inflammation?","authors":"Sretko Lukovic, Nina Tomonjic, Marina Vujovic Sestakov, Jovana Mihailovic, Aleksandra Neskovic, Katarina Lausevic, Maja Zlatanovic, Branko Barac, Tatjana Zivanovic Radnic, Predrag Ostojic","doi":"10.5114/reum/211836","DOIUrl":"10.5114/reum/211836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To evaluate physical activity (PA) levels in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and their associations with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, psychosocial parameters, and functional status, and to identify distinct patient subgroups using latent class analysis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 62 adults with PsA fulfilling Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR) were consecutively recruited from the Institute of Rheumatology. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and categorized as low, moderate, or high. Cardiovascular risk factors, fatigue (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue Scale - FACIT-F), functional status (Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index - HAQ-DI), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 - PHQ-9), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory - BAI), kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia - TSK), and sarcopenia risk (SARC-F) were evaluated. Disease activity was measured using the clinical Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (cDAPsA). Latent class analysis was applied to identify patient subgroups based on PA, comorbidities, and psychosocial variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 44.5 ±10.3 years; 52% were female. Physical activity was low in 19.4%, moderate in 67.7%, and high in 12.9%. Lower PA was associated with older age (<i>p</i> = 0.04), higher fatigue (FACIT-F 29 ±7 vs. 43 ±6.4, <i>p</i> = 0.01), and greater disability (HAQ-DI 0.9 vs. 0.1, <i>p</i> = 0.03). The prevalence of obesity was 51.6% (<i>n</i> = 32), hypertension (HT) 23% (<i>n</i> = 16), dyslipidemia 30% (<i>n</i> = 19), and diabetes mellitus type 2 12.9% (<i>n</i> = 8). Latent class analysis identified two classes: class I - younger, predominantly female (56%), higher education (82%), moderate PA (75%), lower cardiometabolic burden (obesity 46%, HT 14%, dyslipidemia 10%), and lower psychosocial impact; class II - broader age range, male predominance (54%), lower PA (30% low, 60% moderate), higher cardiometabolic burden (HT 86%, obesity 56%, dyslipidemia 35%), greater kinesiophobia (74%), and sarcopenia risk (19%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In PsA, low PA is associated with higher fatigue, functional impairment, and cardiometabolic and psychosocial burden. Latent class analysis revealed distinct subgroups, suggesting the need for personalized, multidisciplinary interventions targeting physical and psychological barriers. Integrating tailored PA promotion alongside pharmacological control may improve both joint and CV outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21312,"journal":{"name":"Reumatologia","volume":"63 6","pages":"368-376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12828903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different faces of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive myositis.","authors":"Aleksandra Opinc-Rosiak, Kacper Pawlak, Anna Lewandowska-Polak, Tomasz Budlewski, Daniel Nolberczak, Aleksandra Lesiak, Joanna Narbutt, Joanna Makowska","doi":"10.5114/reum/201151","DOIUrl":"10.5114/reum/201151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dermatomyositis with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (anti-MDA5) antibodies is a rare, poorly recognised and potentially life-threatening subtype of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Frequent amyopathic course, unique cutaneous lesions, symptoms interfering with other connective tissue diseases, and low awareness of the disease lead to a delay in establishing the proper diagnosis. Clinical presentations may differ among individuals, and three main patterns have been identified depending on the predominant symptoms and prognosis. Interstitial lung disease and vasculopathy contribute mostly to an unfavourable outcome. The study aimed to present different courses of anti-MDA5 myopathy and highlight the heterogenicity of the disease, based on real-life cases from one centre. This is also the first study to document renal involvement in the form of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in patient with anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis. The review section broadly describes up-to-date knowledge on the subtypes of anti-MDA5 myopathy, thoroughly exploring its pathogenesis, clinical presentations and currently recommended standards of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":21312,"journal":{"name":"Reumatologia","volume":"63 6","pages":"435-445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12824997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared thermography for the diagnosis and monitoring of Raynaud's phenomenon: current evidence and future directions.","authors":"Harshwardhan Patil, I N Monisha, M S Mallikarjunaswamy, P Praveen, M S Sowmya, M Nidhish Chandra, Mahabaleshwar Mamadapur","doi":"10.5114/reum/211627","DOIUrl":"10.5114/reum/211627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a vasospastic disorder classified into primary (PRP) and secondary (SRP) forms. Infrared thermography (IRT), a non-invasive imaging technique assessing skin surface temperature, has emerged as a valuable tool in evaluating microvascular dysfunction in RP. This review analyzed literature from 2010 to 2025 across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase using key words including \"Raynaud's phenomenon,\" \"infrared thermography,\" and \"cold provocation test.\" Studies focusing on diagnostic accuracy, differentiation of PRP from SRP, and monitoring treatment response were included. Infrared thermography demonstrates strong sensitivity and specificity, especially through parameters such as distal-dorsal temperature difference and rewarming kinetics. It offers a comfortable, reproducible alternative to traditional methods such as the finger systolic pressure test. However, lack of standardized imaging protocols and equipment variability limit its widespread use. Advancements in device calibration, artificial intelligence integration, and protocol harmonization could enhance IRT's clinical utility in diagnosing and monitoring RP.</p>","PeriodicalId":21312,"journal":{"name":"Reumatologia","volume":"63 6","pages":"416-425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12825000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}