{"title":"Modern view on the effectiveness and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","authors":"Liliya Shamal","doi":"10.17816/rcf627091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf627091","url":null,"abstract":"Issues of the effectiveness and safety of drugs continue to be relevant and controversial. The benefits and risks of drug therapy are two facets of one whole, called pharmacotherapy, and can turn out to be an undesirable side and even outweigh the benefits with a large negative value. The effectiveness and safety of drugs requires serious study also because it becomes possible to discover new effects of drugs and reveal new mechanisms for unregistered indications and, at the same time, a deep understanding of adverse drug reactions will allow more correct prescribing of drugs and proper medical supervision of therapy. \u0000Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are over-the-counter drugs and are perceived by a wide range of patients as safe drugs that do not require a doctor’s prescription, which can cause dangerous drug reactions, especially when used uncontrollably. \u0000The review presents literature data from studies of the effectiveness of NSAIDs and current data on new therapeutic effects of individual drugs, as well as the risks of adverse reactions, their mechanisms and methods of correction.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"9 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141265748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexey Lizunov, Edgar Sekste, Andrei Lebedev, Eugenii Bychkov, Victor Lebedev, V. Goltz, Natalia D. Nadbitova, S. Pyurveev, Natalya Evdokimova, Petr Shabanov
{"title":"INVOLVEMENT OF BDNF, NTRK2 AND PI3K IN THE MECHANISMS OF BINGE EATING AFTER PSYCHOGENIC STRESSORS IN ONTOGENESIS","authors":"Alexey Lizunov, Edgar Sekste, Andrei Lebedev, Eugenii Bychkov, Victor Lebedev, V. Goltz, Natalia D. Nadbitova, S. Pyurveev, Natalya Evdokimova, Petr Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/rcf625676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf625676","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Study of binge eating after maternal deprivation or after rearing in social isolation on the expression of the Bdnf, Ntrk2 and Pi3k genes in the hypothalamus of rats. \u0000Methods. Animals from days 2 to 12 after birth were weaned from their mother for 10 days at 180 minutes; males aged 90-100 days were used in the experiments. Another group of animals was reared in individual cages from the 21st day after birth; males aged 90-100 days were used in the experiments. When developing binge eating, the animals received a high-carbohydrate diet (Nutella chocolate spread) for 1 hour every day or every third day within 30 days. 15 min before feeding, the paste was placed within 5 cm of reach with visual contact. \u0000Results. In groups with intermittent exposure to high-calorie food (the animals received pasta every third day), PCR analysis showed the presence of expression of the Bdnf, Ntrk2 and Pi3k genes in the hypothalamus. Expression of the Bdnf gene was higher in the group of rats after maternal deprivation compared to the control. It was also shown that the expression of the Ntrk2 and Pi3k genes on a high-carbohydrate diet was higher in rats reared in isolation compared to animals reared in the community. \u0000Conclusion. The data obtained suggest new pathways for the synthesis of pharmacological agents of a peptide nature associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway for the correction of food addiction caused by psychogenic stress in ontogenesis.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ekaterina Yakovleva, Mekhriniso Kamalova, Mariia Brusina, Evgenii Bychkov, L. Piotrovskiy, Petr Shabanov
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF THE ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF NEW LIGANDS OF THE NMDA RECEPTOR COMPLEX","authors":"Ekaterina Yakovleva, Mekhriniso Kamalova, Mariia Brusina, Evgenii Bychkov, L. Piotrovskiy, Petr Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/rcf624859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf624859","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Russian Society for the Study of Pain, 90% of patients seeking medical help experience pain, with 70% suffering from chronic pain [15, 16]. It should be acknowledged that the capabilities of traditional analgesic methods are limited, and the prescription of opioids is associated with an increase in complications, the development of tolerance, drug dependence, and an increase in the patient's hospital stay costs. Thus, the main directions for improving pain relief include the rational combination of analgesics with different mechanisms of action and the development of new effective and safe medicinal substances with analgesic activity. It is known that the activation of spinal cord NMDA receptors is a key factor in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic pain. Therefore, the use of existing NMDA antagonists in analgesic schemes, as well as the development of new compounds targeting the NMDA receptor complex, is of particular interest. New ligands of the glutamate NMDA receptor complex are derivatives of imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid. The conformational rigidity of the molecules of imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid derivatives allow for increased selectivity of interaction and reduced side effects. The aim of the study was to investigate the analgesic effect of new ligands of the glutamate NMDA receptor complex - derivatives of imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid in mice using the tail-flick test and the formalin test. The tested compounds (IEM-303 and IEM-2044) were administered intraperitoneally at doses of 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/kg. Мetamizole was used as a comparison drug. The experiments demonstrated a significant dose-dependent analgesic effect of the tested compounds in experimental models of acute pain at doses of 5-20 mg/kg. In the groups receiving IEM-2044 and IEM-303, the tail-flick latency increased by 1.4-1.7 times compared to the control group. The analgesic activity of the tested compounds at doses of 10-20 mg/kg was comparable to the analgesic activity of metamizole, indicating the prospect of developing these agents and further searching for effective and safe analgesics among this pharmacological class.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"4 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Kachanov, Olesya Aleksandrovna Belyaeva, Alexander Nikolaevich Stukov, G. V. Tochilnikov, Andrey Vladislavovich Pavlysh, Y. Zmitrichenko, Valery Anatolievich Alexandrov, Tatiana Yurievna Semiglazova, A. M. Belyaev
{"title":"Targeted delivery of the domestic anticancer drug from the group of aziridine triazines (literature review)","authors":"D. Kachanov, Olesya Aleksandrovna Belyaeva, Alexander Nikolaevich Stukov, G. V. Tochilnikov, Andrey Vladislavovich Pavlysh, Y. Zmitrichenko, Valery Anatolievich Alexandrov, Tatiana Yurievna Semiglazova, A. M. Belyaev","doi":"10.17816/rcf625968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf625968","url":null,"abstract":"At the present time targeted delivery of anticancer drugs can significantly increase the effectiveness of therapy, reduce the side effects of systemic chemotherapy and improve the quality of cancer patients treatment. The aim is summarization of data about the domestic antitumor drug 2,4-bis(1-aziridinyl)-6-(2,2-dimethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)amino-1,3,5-thriazine (Dioxadet) today, its nanoforms, possibilities of use in the clinic and the main antitumor nanodrugs clinical introduced in recent years in the world. The study was conducted with search and information (eLibrary, PubMed, CyberLeninka, ResearchGate, Springer, Wiley Online Library, Elsevier) and library databases. The literature review summarizes data on preclinical trials of Dioxadet and provides information on its developed nanoforms, such as nanogels, nanodiamonds, silica particles, copolymers with lactic and caproic acids. New drug nanoforms open up opportunities to reduce its side effects and systemic toxicity, as well as maintain optimal therapeutic concentrations, increase the circulation time of the drug in the blood and control its release. The possibility of chemopreparation cytotoxic doses using is the main advantage of the new drug nanoform. To date, about 20 antitumor nanodrugs have been introduced in clinical practice, and a number of nanodrugs are undergoing preclinical and various phases of clinical trials. Thus, the development of new effective dioxadet nanoforms makes it possible to ensure targeted drug delivery in higher cytotoxic doses to the target cell, increase of the selective action, and reduce the cytostatic toxicity towards normal cells.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"3 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of gel matrix on wound healing activity of adhesive \u0000dressings filled with silver nanoparticles and humic acids applied for \u0000the rat burn model.","authors":"Ruslan I. Glushakov, I. V. Perminova","doi":"10.17816/rcf623329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf623329","url":null,"abstract":"IM: to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of gels based on silver nanoparticles in combination with humic acids on healing of a thermal skin damage (burn wound) in rats. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: In experiments on 57 white non-linear male rats weighing 218-260 g, the wound-healing effect of gels with a 10% composition of humic acids modified with nanosilver on various bases, prepared in a pharmacopoeial manner, was studied on a model of thermal skin burn of degree IIIB. The gel base used in 3 experimental groups was sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC, group Ia, n=12), polyacrylamide (PAAM, group Ib, n=12), polyethylene glycol (PEG, group I, n=12) . Laboratory animals in the comparison group (group II, n=12) received Levomekol ointment; in the control group (group III, n=8) no treatment was carried out. A thermal burn corresponding to degree III was applied to the proximal part of the back under general anesthesia using a thermal applicator with a flat working part in the shape of a circle with a diameter of 20 mm. 72 hours after the burn, the wound was freed from the scab by complete excision along the border with intact skin with the application of a splinting ring, after which the study drugs were applied. The dynamics of changes in the burn wound were assessed on days 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28 using the Universal Desktop Ruler program. \u0000RESULTS: It was found that the average time (median) for 75% epithelization of wounds in groups Ia, Ic, II was 29.4±0.2, 34 (33;34) and 33.3±0.45 days, while in Ib and III groups, the median time to 75% epithelization was not achieved. The healing index (%/day) for 28 days was 8.6, 4.8, 6.5, 6.1 and 4.4 in groups Ia, Ib, Ic, II and III, respectively. The dynamics of epithelization of thermal burns was most pronounced in group Ia, where Na-CMC acted as a gel base for humic substances modified with nanosilver. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Based on the studies conducted, it can be concluded that the gel with the addition of nanosilver-modified humic substances based on Na-CMC has a wound-healing effect in case of thermal damage to the skin, superior to the effect of the reference drug “Levomekol” in terms of the healing time of burn wounds.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141265987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}