Reviews of Modern Physics最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: A Welcoming Home for Applied Science","authors":"Jessica Thomas, Michael Thoennessen","doi":"10.1103/revmodphys.94.040001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.94.040001","url":null,"abstract":"<span>DOI:</span><span>https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.94.040001</span>","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":"303 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138495249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rates of In-Hospital Decongestion and Association with Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Patients Admitted for Acute Heart Failure.","authors":"Wendy McCallum, Hocine Tighiouart, Jeffrey M Testani, Matthew Griffin, Marvin A Konstam, James E Udelson, Mark J Sarnak","doi":"10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Decongestion is an important goal in the management of acute heart failure. Whether the rate of decongestion is associated with mortality and cardiovascular outcomes is unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from 4133 patients from the Efficacy of Vasopressin Antagonism in Heart Failure Outcome Study With Tolvaptan (EVEREST) trial, we used multivariable Cox regression models to evaluate the association between rates of in-hospital change in assessments of volume overload, including b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), as well as change in hemoconcentration, with risk of all-cause mortality and a composite outcome of cardiovascular mortality or heart failure hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More rapid rates of in-hospital decongestion were associated with decreased risk of mortality and the composite outcome over a median 10-month follow-up. In reference to the quartile of slowest decline, the quartile with the fastest BNP and NT-proBNP decline had lower hazards of mortality (hazard rate [HR] = 0.43 [0.31, 0.59] and HR = 0.27 [0.19, 0.40], respectively) and composite outcome (HR = 0.49 [0.39, 0.60] and HR = 0.54 [0.42, 0.71], respectively). In reference to the quartile of slowest increase, the quartile with the fastest hematocrit increase had lower hazards of mortality (HR = 0.77 [0.62, 0.95]) and composite outcome (HR = 0.75 [0.64, 0.88]). Results were also consistent when models were repeated using propensity-score matching.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Faster rates of decongestion are associated with reduced risk of mortality and a composite of cardiovascular mortality and heart failure hospitalization. It remains unknown whether more rapid decongestion provides cardiovascular benefit or whether it serves as a proxy for less treatment resistant heart failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":"36 1","pages":"e337-e352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10767835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83958942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay between optical vortices and condensed matter","authors":"G. F. Quinteiro Rosen, P. I. Tamborenea, T. Kuhn","doi":"10.1103/revmodphys.94.035003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.94.035003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48702467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: \u0000Colloquium\u0000: Statistical mechanics and thermodynamics at strong coupling: Quantum and classical [Rev. Mod. Phys. \u000092\u0000, 041002 (2020)]","authors":"P. Talkner, P. Hänggi","doi":"10.1103/revmodphys.94.039901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.94.039901","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46044363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micius quantum experiments in space","authors":"Chao-Yang Lu, Yuan Cao, Cheng-Zhi Peng, Jian-Wei Pan","doi":"10.1103/revmodphys.94.035001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.94.035001","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum theory has been successfully validated in numerous laboratory experiments. But would such a theory, which effectively describes the behavior of microscopic physical systems and its predicted phenomena such as quantum entanglement, still be applicable on large length scales? From a practical perspective, how can quantum key distribution (where the security of establishing secret keys between distant parties is ensured by the laws of quantum mechanics) be made technologically useful on a global scale? Owing to photon loss in optical fibers and terrestrial free space, the achievable distance using direct transmission of single photons has been limited to a few hundred kilometers. A promising route to testing quantum physics over long distances and in the relativistic regimes, and thus realizing flexible global-scale quantum networks, is via the use of satellites and space-based technologies, where a significant advantage is that the photon loss and turbulence predominantly occurs in the lower <math display=\"inline\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>10</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>km</mi></mrow></math> of the atmosphere, and most of the photons’ transmission path in space is virtually in vacuum, with almost zero absorption and decoherence. Progress in free-space quantum experiments, with a focus on the fast-developing Micius satellite–based quantum communications, is reviewed. The perspective of space-ground integrated quantum networks and fundamental quantum optics experiments in space conceivable with satellites are discussed.","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":"304 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138495270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrafast electron diffraction: Visualizing dynamic states of matter","authors":"D. Filippetto, P. Musumeci, R. K. Li, B. Siwick, M. Otto, M. Centurion, J. P. Nunes","doi":"10.1103/RevModPhys.94.045004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.94.045004","url":null,"abstract":"Since the discovery of electron-wave duality, electron scattering instrumentation has developed into a powerful array of techniques for revealing the atomic structure of matter. Beyond detecting local lattice variations in equilibrium structures, recent research efforts have been directed towards the long sought-after dream of visualizing the dynamic evolution of matter in real-time. The atomic behavior at ultrafast timescales carries critical information on phase transition and chemical reaction dynamics, the coupling of electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom in materials and molecules, the correlation between structure, function and previously hidden metastable or nonequilibrium states of matter. Ultrafast electron pulses play an essential role in this scientific endeavor, and their generation has been facilitated by rapid technical advances in both ultrafast laser and particle accelerator technologies. This review presents a summary of the remarkable developments in this field over the last few decades. The physics and technology of ultrafast electron beams is presented with an emphasis on the figures of merit most relevant for ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) experiments. We discuss recent developments in the generation, manipulation and characterization of ultrashort electron beams aimed at improving the combined spatio-temporal resolution of these measurements. The fundamentals of electron scattering from atomic matter and the theoretical frameworks for retrieving dynamic structural information from solid-state and gas-phase samples are described, together with essential experimental techniques and several landmark works. Ultrafast electron probes with ever improving capabilities, combined with other complementary photon-based or spectroscopic approaches, hold tremendous potential for revolutionizing our ability to observe and understand energy and matter at atomic scales.","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44651651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nobel Lecture: A forty-year journey","authors":"R. Genzel","doi":"10.1103/revmodphys.94.020501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.94.020501","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46073834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Hadronic molecules [Rev. Mod. Phys. \u000090\u0000, 015004 (2018)]","authors":"F. Guo, C. Hanhart, U. Meissner, Qian Wang, Qiang Zhao, B. Zou","doi":"10.1103/revmodphys.94.029901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.94.029901","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47292983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colloquium\u0000: Cavity-enhanced quantum network nodes","authors":"A. Reiserer","doi":"10.1103/RevModPhys.94.041003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.94.041003","url":null,"abstract":"A future quantum network will consist of quantum processors that are connected by quantum channels, just like conventional computers are wired up to form the Internet. In contrast to classical devices, however, the entanglement and non-local correlations available in a quantum-controlled system facilitate novel fundamental tests of quantum theory. In addition, they enable numerous applications in distributed quantum infor- mation processing, quantum communication, and precision measurement. While pioneering experiments have demonstrated the entanglement of two quantum nodes separated by up to 1 . 3km, and three nodes in the same laboratory, accessing the full potential of quantum networks requires scaling of these prototypes to many more nodes and global distances. This is an outstanding challenge, posing high demands on qubit control fidelity, qubit coherence time, and coupling efficiency between stationary and flying qubits. In this work, I will describe how optical resonators facilitate quantum network nodes that achieve the above-mentioned prerequisites in different physical systems — trapped atoms, defect centers in wide-bandgap semiconductors, and rare-earth dopants — by en- abling high-fidelity qubit initialization and readout, efficient generation of qubit-photon and remote qubit-qubit entanglement, as well as quantum gates between stationary and flying qubits. These advances open a realistic perspective towards the implementation of global-scale quantum networks in the near future.","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47948676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spoof surface plasmon photonics","authors":"F. García-Vidal, A. Fernández-Domínguez, L. Martín-Moreno, Hao Chi Zhang, W. Tang, Ruwen Peng, T. Cui","doi":"10.1103/revmodphys.94.025004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.94.025004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21172,"journal":{"name":"Reviews of Modern Physics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47495705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}