Progress in cardiovascular diseases最新文献

{"title":"Omega-3 fatty acids in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases","authors":"Austin Tutor ,&nbsp;Evan L. O'Keefe ,&nbsp;Carl J. Lavie ,&nbsp;Andrew Elagizi ,&nbsp;Richard Milani ,&nbsp;James O'Keefe","doi":"10.1016/j.pcad.2024.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcad.2024.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Even with substantial progress in primary and secondary prevention, cardiovascular disease (CVD) persists as a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω-3 PUFAs) have gained considerable attention for their ability to improve CV health and prognosis. Metanalyses of randomized controlled trials have demonstrated Ω-3 PUFAs' positive impact on CVD outcomes for both primary and secondary prevention endpoints. Marine Ω-3 PUFAs also improve CVD risk factors including blood pressure, lipids, and inflammation; however, many physicians do not recommend Ω-3 PUFAs, largely due to inconsistent results in randomized trials. In this comprehensive review article, we evaluate both historic and current data concerning primary and secondary prevention of CVD with use of Ω-3 PUFAs, delve into the potential causes for the varied results, and examine the most current recommendations on the usage of Ω-3 PUFAs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21156,"journal":{"name":"Progress in cardiovascular diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140320254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronary artery calcium in 2023: Guidelines for LDL-C goals, non-statin therapies, and aspirin use.","authors":"G. Soroosh, Erfan Tasdighi, Rishav Adhikari, M. Blaha","doi":"10.1016/j.pcad.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21156,"journal":{"name":"Progress in cardiovascular diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141055247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testosterone therapy and the risk of cardiovascular disease in older, hypogonadal men","authors":"Srikanth Krishnan ,&nbsp;Jairo Aldana-Bitar ,&nbsp;Ilana Golub ,&nbsp;Keishi Ichikawa ,&nbsp;Ayesha Shabir ,&nbsp;Marziyeh Bagheri ,&nbsp;Hossein Hamidi ,&nbsp;Travis Benzing ,&nbsp;Sina Kianoush ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Budoff","doi":"10.1016/j.pcad.2024.02.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcad.2024.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The debate over the cardiovascular (CV) implications of testosterone therapy (TT) have resulted in diverging safety recommendations and clinical guidelines worldwide. This narrative review synthesizes and critically evaluates long-term studies examining the effects of TT within the context of aging, obesity, and endogenous sex hormones on CV disease (CVD) risk to support informed clinical decision-making. Observational studies have variably linked low endogenous testosterone with increased CVD risk, while randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrate that TT yields cardiometabolic benefits without increasing short-term CV risk. The TRAVERSE trial, as the first RCT powered to assess CVD events, did not show increased major adverse cardiac events (MACE) incidence; however, its limitations – specifically the maintenance of testosterone at low-normal levels, a high participant discontinuation rate, and short follow-up – warrant a careful interpretation of its results. Furthermore, findings from the TTrials cardiovascular sub-study, which showed an increase in non-calcified plaque, indicate the need for ongoing research into the long-term CV impact of TT. The decision to initiate TT should consider the current evidence gaps, particularly for older men with known CVD. The CV effects of maintaining physiological testosterone levels through exogenous means remain to be fully explored. Until more definitive evidence is available, clinical practice should prioritize individualized care and informed discussions on the potential CV implications of TT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21156,"journal":{"name":"Progress in cardiovascular diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations in cardiac computed tomography: Imaging in coronary artery disease","authors":"Venkat Sanjay Manubolu,&nbsp;Keishi Ichikawa,&nbsp;Matthew J. Budoff","doi":"10.1016/j.pcad.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcad.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has emerged as a pivotal tool in the non-invasive evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent advancements in imaging techniques, quantitative plaque assessment methods, assessment of coronary physiology, and perivascular coronary inflammation have propelled CCTA to the forefront of CAD management, enabling precise risk stratification, disease monitoring, and evaluation of treatment response. However, challenges persist, including the need for cardiovascular outcomes data for therapy modifications based on CCTA findings and the lack of standardized quantitative plaque assessment techniques to establish universal guidelines for treatment strategies. This review explores the current utilization of CCTA in clinical practice, highlighting its clinical impact and discussing challenges and opportunities for future development. By addressing these nuances, CCTA holds promise for revolutionizing coronary imaging and improving CAD management in the years to come. Ultimately, the goal is to provide precise risk stratification, optimize medical therapy, and improve cardiovascular outcomes while ensuring cost-effectiveness for healthcare systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21156,"journal":{"name":"Progress in cardiovascular diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141048334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colchicine and plaque: A focus on atherosclerosis imaging","authors":"Jairo Aldana-Bitar ,&nbsp;Ilana S. Golub ,&nbsp;Jeff Moore ,&nbsp;Srikanth Krishnan ,&nbsp;Dhiran Verghese ,&nbsp;Venkat S. Manubolu ,&nbsp;Travis Benzing ,&nbsp;Keshi Ichikawa ,&nbsp;Sajad Hamal ,&nbsp;Sina Kianoush ,&nbsp;Lauren R. Anderson ,&nbsp;Noah R. Ramirez ,&nbsp;Jonathon A. Leipsic ,&nbsp;Ronald P. Karlsberg ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Budoff","doi":"10.1016/j.pcad.2024.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcad.2024.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Colchicine is an anti-inflammatory medication, classically used to treat a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases. More recently, colchicine has proven itself a key pharmacotherapy in cardiovascular disease (CVD) management, atherosclerotic plaque modification, and coronary artery disease (CAD) treatment. Colchicine acts on many anti-inflammatory pathways, which translates to cardiovascular event reduction, plaque transformation, and plaque reduction.</p><p>With the FDA's 2023 approval of colchicine for reducing cardiovascular events, a novel clinical pathway opens. This advancement paves the route for CVD management that synergistically merges lipid lowering approaches with inflammation inhibition modalities. This pioneering moment spurs the need for this manuscript's comprehensive review. Hence, this paper synthesizes and surveys colchicine's new role as an atherosclerotic plaque modifier, to provide a framework for physicians in the clinical setting. We aim to improve understanding (and thereby application) of colchicine alongside existing mechanisms for CVD event reduction.</p><p>This paper examines colchicine's anti-inflammatory mechanism, and reviews large cohort studies that evidence colchicine's blossoming role within CAD management. This paper also outlines imaging modalities for atherosclerotic analysis, reviews colchicine's mechanistic effect upon plaque transformation itself, and synthesizes trials which assess colchicine's nuanced effect upon atherosclerotic transformation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21156,"journal":{"name":"Progress in cardiovascular diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of risk profiles of participants in the Women's IschemiA TRial to Reduce events In non-ObstRuctive CAD (WARRIOR) trial, using Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography vs Invasive Coronary Angiography","authors":"Suvasini Lakshmanan ,&nbsp;Janet Wei ,&nbsp;Galen Cook-Wiens ,&nbsp;Carl J. Pepine ,&nbsp;Eileen M. Handberg ,&nbsp;Leslee J. Shaw ,&nbsp;Matthew Budoff ,&nbsp;C. Noel Bairey Merz","doi":"10.1016/j.pcad.2024.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcad.2024.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To compare baseline characteristics of participants in the <u>W</u>omen's Ischemi<u>A</u> T<u>R</u>ial to <u>R</u>educe Events <u>I</u>n Non-Obst<u>R</u>uctive CAD (WARRIOR) trial by qualification by Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) or Invasive Coronary Angiography (ICA).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The WARRIOR trial (<span>NCT03417388</span><svg><path></path></svg>) is an ongoing multicenter, prospective, randomized, blinded outcome evaluation of intensive medical therapy vs. usual care in women with suspected Ischemia and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease (INOCA) identified by either CCTA or ICA on the outcome of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). No obstructive coronary artery disease is defined as &lt;50% luminal stenosis and normal coronary arteries is defined as no evidence of atherosclerosis including calcified and non-calcified plaque. Data presented was extracted on May 27, 2020. No clinical outcomes were assessed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>An initial sample cohort of 797 women was included. The majority were younger than 65 years, White participants (73.3%), 159 had diabetes (19.9%), and 676 had angina (84.8%) with the remainder having symptoms of suspected ischemic heart disease. Over 50% of randomized participants had normal coronaries without luminal irregularities by ICA or CCTA. Participants randomized to ICA were more likely to have worse baseline clinical risk profiles with older age, higher burden of cardiac risk factors and poor quality of life with disabling angina.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Among this initial sample of women with suspected INOCA randomized in the WARRIOR trial, there is a differential baseline cardiac risk of participants enrolled after CCTA or ICA. However, the majority had no evidence of atherosclerotic plaque or obstructive stenosis, after evaluation by ICA or CCTA. These results suggest that non-invasive evaluation with CCTA is likely to be associated with lower risk of MACE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21156,"journal":{"name":"Progress in cardiovascular diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033062024000537/pdfft?md5=6a499213679ba4b24ca8c705c9dd0be6&pid=1-s2.0-S0033062024000537-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140320253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventive medicine and cardiac CT- Their move into mainstream medicine","authors":"Matthew J. Budoff","doi":"10.1016/j.pcad.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcad.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21156,"journal":{"name":"Progress in cardiovascular diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover 2 (Masthead)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0033-0620(24)00078-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-0620(24)00078-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21156,"journal":{"name":"Progress in cardiovascular diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141313647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"List of recent issues","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0033-0620(24)00080-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-0620(24)00080-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21156,"journal":{"name":"Progress in cardiovascular diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141313649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the spectrum of cardiovascular risk in women - A primer for prevention","authors":"Priyanka Satish ,&nbsp;Eleonora Avenatti ,&nbsp;Jaideep Patel ,&nbsp;Anandita Agarwala","doi":"10.1016/j.pcad.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcad.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women worldwide and the lifetime risk of CVD in women is similar to men. However, the pathophysiology of CVD varies between women and men necessitating a sex-specific understanding of cardiovascular (CV) risk. A belief that women have a lower CVD risk than men, and an underrepresentation in clinical research for many years has led to a paucity of evidence in the prevention and management of CVD in women. Many recent efforts have tried to bridge the gap. As a result, we now know that traditional risk factors impact CVD risk differently in women when compared with men. There are also numerous sex-specific and pregnancy related risk factors that modify the risk and can predict the future development of CVD in women. This is important as risk calculators, in general, tend to misclassify risk in young women with nontraditional CVD risk factors. To address this, guidelines have introduced the concept of risk enhancers that can suggest a higher risk. The use of coronary artery calcium score can further accurately delineate risk in these women, leading to an appropriate matching of therapy to underlying risk. This review discusses implementation strategies that are essential to mitigate disparities in CVD outcomes and optimizing CVD risk in women.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":21156,"journal":{"name":"Progress in cardiovascular diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140861464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}