Results in Optics最新文献

{"title":"Optimization and analysis of rectangular photonic crystal fiber sensor for detection of methanol, ethanol, propanol and water in THz regime","authors":"Sujit Kumar Saini,&nbsp;Suneet Kumar Awasthi","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rectangular hollow core Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) sensor is designed for sensing and detection of various chemical compounds in terahertz regime. The hollow rectangular core of the proposed sensor is surrounded by 12 different types of hollow rectangles and two types of 8 squares configuring the cladding region of PCF. The simulation results of the proposed PCF sensor design are obtained from COMSOL Multiphysics <em>v</em>6.0 software which is based on finite element method. The shape, size, position, pitch and number of rectangles used in configuring the core and cladding regions of the design including fiber radius are taken into consideration for optimization of the sensor performance. The performance evaluation of the proposed sensor model is based on the analysis of effective loss of material, birefringence, confinement loss, effective surface area, numerical aperture and relative sensitivity in (1.0–2.5) THz frequency band. All these optical parameters are evaluated at operating frequency of 2.5 THz corresponding to both x- and y- polarizations for analytes methanol, ethanol, propanol and water loaded separately into fiber core except birefringence. This sensor can detect and classify the various chemical compounds based on their refractive indices. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed sensor loaded separately with methanol, ethanol, propanol and water possess the maximum relatively sensitivity of 96.709%, 97.61%, 98.05% and 97.05% at 2.5 THz, respectively corresponding to y-polarization. Moreover, the confinement loss of the sensor reaches to nearly zero for both polarizations under the influence of all samples between frequency range 1.2 THz to 2.5 THz. Furthermore, a superficial effective loss of material is noticed for sensing of three varieties of alcohols investigated here. The geometry of the proposed PCF sensor design can be a better alternative of developing suitable sensors in the field of biological sample detection, construction, miming, alcohol industry, micro-optics and other THz related technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100774"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of finite state logic machines via the dynamics of atomic systems","authors":"Dawit Hiluf Hailu","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Following the success of Moore’s predictions, we are approaching a limit in the miniaturization of semiconductors for computing materials. This has led to the exploration of various research paths in search of alternative computing paradigms, such as quantum computing, 3D transistors, molecular logic, and continuous logic. In this context, we propose a novel approach in which the dynamics of a two-level atom is used to execute classical Boolean logic operations. Unlike traditional combinational logic circuits, where the output depends solely on the input, we suggest a finite-state machine-like computing model, where the output is influenced by both the input and the system’s initial state. The proposed mechanism leverages the dynamics of a two-level quantum state, with information encoded in observable quantities. These observables, the density matrix’s population (diagonal) and coherence (off-diagonal) elements, were analyzed using the Liouville equation. The selection of observables within the Liouville space allows us to encode more variables. Although environmental noise may cause some loss of encoded information, fast computations can still be performed before it dissipates. In addition, logic operations can be read in parallel, enabling complex computations. This system can also be scaled to an N-level configuration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100789"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emission, Structure, and Electrical characteristics of ZnO nanocrystalline films co-doped with Al and In elements","authors":"T. Torchynska ,&nbsp;B. El Filali ,&nbsp;J. Oliveros Garcia ,&nbsp;G. Polupan ,&nbsp;J.L. Casas Espinola","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>ZnO-based materials have many advantages over transparent conducting oxide (TCO) containing In or Cd, such as non-toxicity, high abundance of Zn in nature, and thermal and chemical stability. However, the electrical conductivity of ZnO TCO films is still lower than that of well-known Sn doped In₂O₃ (ITO) films. This work proposes a way to increase the band edge emission and decrease the electrical resistivity of ZnO TCO films. ZnO nanocrystalline (NC) films doped with the elements Al and In are investigated. The spray pyrolysis method was applied to prepare ZnO films with a fixed In concentration of 2.0 at% and varied Al contents from the range of 1.0 up to 3.5 at.%. The films were heat treated at 400 °C for 4 h to improve crystallization and oxidation. The structure, band edge emission and electrical resistivity of the ZnO films have been analyzed. Non-monotonic variations of film morphology, crystalline structure, and band edge (NBE) emission are revealed in ZnO:Al:In NC films against varied Al contents. Doping with elements with ionic radii smaller and larger compared to Zn ions allows varying the crystal lattice parameters and residual stresses in the films, as well as improving the efficiency of NBE emission. Simultaneously, the conditions are created for the shift of the self-compensation process at high donor content and electrical resistivity approaching of 2.7 x 10^--4 Ω cm. Therefore, doping with Al and In elements allows to obtain the ZnO films with the crystal structure of wurtzite, efficient photoluminescence and minimum currently known resistivity in ZnO films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100773"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A promising role of Ba2+ ion in the enhancement of structural, optical, photoluminescence, Z-scan, etching and laser damage threshold study of C6H14N4O2H3PO4H2O single crystals: Implications on photonics device applications","authors":"Vishal Bhiwsen Bhise ,&nbsp;Gopal Rameshwarrao Dhokane","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Barium-influenced _L-arginine phosphate monohydrate (Ba-LAP) semi-organic 14 × 10 × 4 mm³ crystal has been cultivated using the slow evaporation solution method. The structural analysis was reinforced through single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) examination. The powder XRD examination confirmed the crystalline performance of Ba-LAP. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed that barium ions were doped in LAP. The UV–visible spectrophotometric assessment was employed to investigate the effect on the optical transmittance of Ba-LAP crystal in between 200 and 900 nm. Photoluminescence study was measured in the 300–575 nm range. The Third-order nonlinear optical (TONLO) parameter values like n₂, β, and χ³ of Ba-LAP crystal were identified using the Z-scan method. Researchers have investigated the mutual alteration of nonlinear refraction from Z-scan in the close aperture method, i.e., from self-focusing to self-defocusing in Ba-LAP single crystal and with reserve saturation absorption effect from the Z-scan open aperture method. We examined growth probability and surface quality after etching the crystal. Stabilized a laser by adding a small amount of dopant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100790"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using MWCNTs","authors":"Hussam T. Khalaf,&nbsp;Rawaa A. Faris","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of dyes, medications, and a number of other contaminants in wastewater is crucial due to the negative effects on human health and the environment. This study investigates the effect of different wavelengths of laser and sunlight on the degradation process of Methylene blue dye in the presence of MWCNTs. Different exposure time of sunlight and laser light (30, 60, 120, 180, and 240) minutes were utilized to induced MB photodegradation. The results show that both the diode laser 632 nm and sunlight were more efficient in degrade the Methylene blue (MB) dye. Kinetic analysis shows that the degradation follows pseudo-second-order model. In these findings, when MB solution exposed to sunlight for 240 min, the maximum dye degradation rate was 71.5 % after adding 0.0 75 g of MB. When exposed to a diode laser with a wavelength of 632 nm for 240 min, the maximum degradation rate was 79.69 % and 80.91 %, respectively, with 0.125 g of MWCNTs, which can provide reference for practical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100776"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electromagnetic modes in optical fiber waveguides using Nikifarov-Uvarov method","authors":"Eliazar Elisha Audu ,&nbsp;Akaa Agbaeze Eteng","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical fiber is a cylindrical dielectric medium that transmits electromagnetic waves at optical frequency range, guiding them through the fiber core via constructive phase-shifted total internal reflection. Wave propagation in optical fibers can be modeled and described using Maxwell’s equations. This paper employs the parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method, commonly used in quantum mechanics, to solve the Helmholtz equation derived by combining Maxwell’s equations. The NU method is less computationally cumbersome than traditional techniques such as Bessel functions or finite element methods. We derive the equation that describes the characteristics of the propagating electromagnetic wave with refractive index as an unnormalized radial wave function. We show that NU energy equation can be used to obtain the exact phase propagation constant condition for wave propagation in optical fibre. Additionally, we investigate the effects of wavelength, core radius, refractive index, and azimuthal index on wave propagation. Our results show that the phase propagation constant decreases as the wavelength increases. The radial function is found to be proportional to the degree of the Laguerre polynomial and the azimuthal index. We also report the effects of the azimuthal index, core radius, and refractive index on the radial function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100784"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Fe2O3 and CuO on structural, thermal and optical properties of P2O5-ZnO-Na2O glass system","authors":"S.Yousefpour Sorkhabi,&nbsp;M. Rezvani,&nbsp;P.Rastgoo Oskoui","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the structural, thermal, and optical properties of <span><math><mrow><mn>35</mn><msub><mi>P</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>5</mn></msub><mo>-</mo><mn>40</mn><mi>Z</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>O</mi><mo>-</mo><mn>25</mn><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></mrow></math></span> −x <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn><mspace></mspace></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> or y CuO (x = 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and y = 0, 1, 3, 4, 5) (mole ratio) glasses was studied. As the molar percentage of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn><mspace></mspace></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> and CuO increased, the hardness of the samples decreased. The DTA curves showed that with the increase of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn><mspace></mspace></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> and CuO percentage in the glass composition, the glass transition temperature also increased. Adding <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn><mspace></mspace></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> to 3 mol% decreased the direct and indirect band gaps to 1.906 and 1.887 eV, respectively. The Urbach energy of samples containing CuO increased to 0.550 eV by increasing its amount to 5 mol. Also, the Fermi energy of glasses containing <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn><mspace></mspace></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> and CuO decreased to 3.144 eV and 3.481 eV, respectively. The results showed that the synthesized samples act as band-pass filters in the visible region and band-stop filters in the ultraviolet region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100779"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A compact and Ultra-sensitive microfiber based interferometer sensor for precise electrical current detection","authors":"Guoyu Li ,&nbsp;Fei Xie ,&nbsp;Yan Li ,&nbsp;Hongtao Li ,&nbsp;Rui Liu ,&nbsp;Ao Wang ,&nbsp;Lili Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2025.100788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precision measurement of microcurrents enhances microscopic understanding and provides accurate data for fields like research, healthcare, semiconductors, and sensors. A novel fiber-optic electrical current sensor, featuring a synchronized fusion and tapering process for integrating single-mode optical fibers with silicon microtube filled with carbon fibers, has been presented in this work. The composite waveguide structure composed of optical microfiber and silicon micro-tube forms a mode interferometer, which is with high temperature sensitivity of 8.06 nm/℃. As electrical current flows through the conductive material of carbon fiber, it generates a thermal effect, causing a temperature change around the waveguide structure and leading to a wavelength shift in the interferometer’s transmission spectrum. The magnitude of this wavelength shift directly indicates the current intensity, providing a highly sensitive approach to current sensing. Notably, our interferometer, with its compactness, remarkable sensitivity of 3625 nm/mA², and broad measurement range spanning from 0 mA to 200 mA with a micro-current resolution of 0.002 mA, is positioned as a promising candidate for precise and reliable electrical current measurements in micro current flow detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100788"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultraviolet C-ray sensor application of heavily Cr-doped ruby","authors":"Ami Hitomi ,&nbsp;Toru Katsumata ,&nbsp;Hiroaki Aizawa","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2024.100771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2024.100771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluorescence-enhanced photodiode (FE-PD) combining Si photodiode (Si-PD) and heavily Cr-doped rubies with Cr concentrations of 1.5–3.0 mol% was found to be sensitive to ultraviolet C-ray (UVC) light measurement. The output signal intensity from FE-PD using heavily Cr-doped rubies increases linearly in proportion to the UVC light intensity from UVC LEDs. The UVC light sensitivity of FE-PD using heavily Cr-doped rubies varies depending on the Cr concentration. The broad PL peak close to the near-infrared region at approximately λ = 774 nm observed in heavily Cr-doped rubies facilitates the UVC light sensitivity of FE-PD. This result suggests that FE-PD enhanced by heavily Cr-doped ruby is a useful UVC sensor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100771"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to “Optoelectronic properties of copper-fused Zn(1 − x)SCux grown nanofilms for solar cell devices” [Results Opt. 13 (2023) 100505]","authors":"Augustine A. McAsule ,&nbsp;Ngutor S. Akiiga ,&nbsp;Joshua S. Ikwe ,&nbsp;Newton F. Gesa ,&nbsp;Michael O. Awoji ,&nbsp;Victor W. Zhiya ,&nbsp;Peverga R. Jubu ,&nbsp;Terwase M. Aper ,&nbsp;Jonathan T. Ikyumbur ,&nbsp;Terver Daniel","doi":"10.1016/j.rio.2024.100759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rio.2024.100759","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21151,"journal":{"name":"Results in Optics","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100759"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}