{"title":"Performance limitations of localization based on ranging, speed, and orientation","authors":"C. Fischione, A. D. Angelis","doi":"10.1109/SPAWC.2015.7227086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWC.2015.7227086","url":null,"abstract":"Estimating the position of a mobile node by linear sensor fusion of ranging, speed, and orientation measurements has the potentiality to achieve high localization accuracy. Nevertheless, the design of these sensor fusion algorithms is uncertain if their fundamental limitations are unknown. Despite the substantial research focus on these sensor fusion methods, the characterization of the Cramér Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) has not yet been satisfactorily addressed. In this paper, the existence and derivation of the posterior CRLB for the linear sensor fusion of ranging, speed, and orientation measurements is investigated. The major difficulty in the analysis is that ranging and orientation are not linearly related to the position, which makes it hard to derive the posterior CRLB. This difficulty is overcome by introducing the concept of posterior CRLB in the Cauchy principal value sense and deriving explicit upper and lower bounds to the posteriori Fisher information matrix. Numerical simulation results are provided for both the parametric CRLB and the posterior CRLB, comparing some widely-used methods from the literature to the derived bound. It is shown that many existing methods based on Kalman filtering may be far from the the fundamental limitations given by the CRLB.","PeriodicalId":211324,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 16th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133294323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal design of energy-efficient cooperative WSNs: How many sensors are needed?","authors":"S. Mijovic, L. Sanguinetti, C. Buratti, M. Debbah","doi":"10.1109/SPAWC.2015.7226994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWC.2015.7226994","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a cooperative Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) scheme for wireless sensor networks is presented. We consider a network which consists of inexpensive sensor nodes transmitting data towards sinks. We take into account the hardware limitations this kind of devices typically present. Having in mind potentially high number of nodes in the network, we study the asymptotic regime, inspired by recent developments in the massive MIMO field, which simplifies the performance analysis and is shown to be sound even for relatively low number of nodes. The aim is to provide the optimal number of sensor nodes to be deployed and the duration of the channel estimation phase, having in mind energy efficiency as performance metric.","PeriodicalId":211324,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 16th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131521646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subspace estimation and decomposition for hybrid analog-digital millimetre-wave MIMO systems","authors":"H. Ghauch, M. Bengtsson, Taejoon Kim, M. Skoglund","doi":"10.1109/SPAWC.2015.7227067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWC.2015.7227067","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we address the problem of channel estimation and precoding / combining for the so-called hybrid millimeter wave (mmWave) MIMO architecture. Our proposed channel estimation scheme exploits channel reciprocity in TDD MIMO systems, by using echoing, thereby allowing us to implement Krylov subspace methods in a fully distributed way. The latter results in estimating the right (resp. left) singular subspace of the channel at the transmitter (resp. receiver). Moreover, we also tackle the problem of subspace decomposition whereby the estimated right (resp. left) singular subspaces are approximated by a cascade of analog and digital precoder (resp. combiner), using an iterative method. Finally we compare our scheme with an equivalent fully digital case and conclude that a relatively similar performance can be achieved, however, with a drastically reduced number of RF chains - 4 ~ 8 times less (i.e., massive savings in cost and power consumption).","PeriodicalId":211324,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 16th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134533434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Virtual AoA and AoD estimation for sparse millimeter wave MIMO channels","authors":"Taejoon Kim, D. Love","doi":"10.1109/SPAWC.2015.7227017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWC.2015.7227017","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate an angle of arrival (AoA) and angle of departure (AoD) estimation algorithm for sparse millimeter wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. The analytical channel model whose use we advocate here is the beam space (or virtual) MIMO channel representation. By leveraging the beam space MIMO concept, we characterize probabilistic channel priors under an analog precoding and combining constraints. This investigation motivates Bayesian inference approaches to virtual AoA and AoD estimation. We divide the estimation task into downlink sounding for AoA estimation and uplink sounding for AoD estimation. A belief propagation (BP)-type algorithm is adopted, leading to computationally efficient approximate message passing (AMP) and approximate log-likelihood ratio testing (ALLRT) algorithms. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional AMP in terms of the AoA and AoD estimation accuracy for the sparse millimeter wave MIMO channel.","PeriodicalId":211324,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 16th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132424963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The pathwise MIMO Interfering Broadcast Channel","authors":"Wassim Tabikh, D. Slock, Y. Yuan-Wu","doi":"10.1109/SPAWC.2015.7227039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWC.2015.7227039","url":null,"abstract":"Interference alignment (IA) through beamforming in MIMO Interfering Broadcast Channels (IBC) allows to handle multi-cell interference with low latency. However, with multiple antennas on both ends, the MIMO setting requires global Channel State Information at the Transmitter (CSIT) (i.e. CSIT from the other transmitters (Tx) also). Though global CSIT can be organized within a cluster, it leads to significant fast CSIT acquisition overhead. In this paper we focus on the (dominant) multipath components in the MIMO propagation channels with only the slow fading components known to the Tx, corresponding to a structured form of covariance CSIT. The pathwise approach allows for a decomposition of the alignment tasks between Tx and receivers (Rx), leading to the sufficiency of local pathwise CSIT plus limited coordination overhead. To optimize Ergodic Weighted Sum Rate at finite SNR, we exploit the uplink/downlink duality to design the Tx beamformers as MMSE filters, in which averaging over complex path amplitudes leads to pathwise filters. We furthermore explore a relation between the difference of convex (DC) functions programming and the Weighted Sum MSE (WSMSE) approaches, indicating significant convergence speed potential for the former, and allowing a fixing of the latter for the case of partial CSIT.","PeriodicalId":211324,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 16th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127870413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Massive MIMO for decentralized estimation over coherent multiple access channels","authors":"A. Shirazinia, S. Dey, D. Ciuonzo, P. Rossi","doi":"10.1109/SPAWC.2015.7227036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWC.2015.7227036","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a decentralized multisensor estimation problem where L sensor nodes observe noisy versions of a possibly correlated random source. The sensors amplify and forward their observations over a fading coherent multiple access channel (MAC) to a fusion center (FC). The FC is equipped with a large array of N antennas, and adopts a minimum mean square error (MMSE) approach for estimating the source. We optimize the amplification factor (or equivalently transmission power) at each sensor node in two different scenarios: 1) with the objective of total power minimization subject to mean square error (MSE) of source estimation constraint, and 2) with the objective of minimizing MSE subject to total power constraint. For this purpose, we apply an asymptotic approximation based on the massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) favorable propagation condition (when L ≪ N). We use convex optimization techniques to solve for the optimal sensor power allocation in 1) and 2). In 1), we show that the total power consumption at the sensors decays as 1/N, replicating the power savings obtained in Massive MIMO mobile communications literature. Through numerical studies, we also illustrate the superiority of the proposed optimal power allocation methods over uniform power allocation.","PeriodicalId":211324,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 16th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133989942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimized burst truncation in fast-convolution filter bank based waveform generation","authors":"J. Yli-Kaakinen, M. Renfors","doi":"10.1109/SPAWC.2015.7227002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWC.2015.7227002","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we investigate the time-frequency localization tradeoffs in practical implementation of filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) waveforms in short burst transmission. Frequency localization is considered as an important characteristic for future wireless communication systems, including 5G, but it comes with the cost of not-so-good time localization. This appears in the form of relatively long `tails' of the generated transmission burst. Truncation of the burst tails is an obvious choice for reducing the time-overheads in short burst based multiple access or duplexing schemes, but it introduces transients in the inband interference and out-of-band radiation characteristics. We study the burst truncation effects while utilizing a flexible FBMC waveform generation scheme based on fast-convolution processing. Also a novel method to optimize the used symbol waveform taking into account the truncation effects is developed.","PeriodicalId":211324,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 16th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115834367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subcarrier spacing - a neglected degree of freedom?","authors":"F. Schaich, T. Wild","doi":"10.1109/SPAWC.2015.7226999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWC.2015.7226999","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we assess the pains and potential gains a wireless communication system can leverage on, if we allow for multiplexing different subcarrier spacings within a single transmission time interval (TTI). CP-OFDM is nowadays most often the signal format of choice in wireless communication systems when serving multiple users. LTE/-A, WiFi and WiMAX have all adopted CP-OFDM due to its high degree of flexibility. Though, not all degrees of freedom have been exploited in those systems yet. While these systems are using tailored waveform parameters according to the respective setting - e.g. while WiFi is more tailored towards local area, 4G and WiMAX use settings more suited for wide area - 5G may go one step further by allowing for user specific settings within a single band. With allowing this the signal characteristics may be better matched to the respective channel characteristics such as high Doppler spreads and low coherence times. Our investigations have shown that with exploiting this degree of freedom a higher range of user velocities may be supported, especially with replacing CP-OFDM by UF-OFDM. UF-OFDM modifies the OFDM concept by subband-wise filtering, which mitigates inter-carrier interference (ICI) arising from different parallel subcarrier spacings. This makes it a natural fit for being combined with user-specific subcarrier spacings.","PeriodicalId":211324,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 16th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124921082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Turbo-FSK: A new uplink scheme for low power wide area networks","authors":"Yoann Roth, Jean-Baptiste Doré, L. Ros, V. Berg","doi":"10.1109/SPAWC.2015.7227004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWC.2015.7227004","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things aims to connect several billions of devices. Terminals are expected to be low cost, low power, and able to achieve successful communication at long range. While current Machine-to-Machine technologies tend to use spreading factors to meet the required specifications, we propose a more sophisticated use of redundant waveforms in a scheme called Turbo-FSK. This scheme involves Frequency-Shift-Keying (FSK) modulation at the transmission, and a turbo-decoder dedicated to the FSK waveforms at the receiver. Highly robust communication is achieved with a mere transmitter, as complexity is deported on the receiver side. Results are compared to common modulations using spreading factors, a significant gain in performance is achieved even with small packet sizes.","PeriodicalId":211324,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 16th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128548112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selection combining, and opportunistic relaying, with many diversity branches: Switching rates for most common fading types","authors":"David B. Smith","doi":"10.1109/SPAWC.2015.7227099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWC.2015.7227099","url":null,"abstract":"A closed form expression for the switching rate of selection combining, and opportunistic relaying, with any number of diversity branches, is derived for most common types of fading, including, but not limited to - gamma, lognormal, normal, exponential, Rayleigh, Weibull, generalized gamma (or alpha-mu) and Nakagami-m fading, and Rician fading as a close approximation. These types of fading can all be described by the Amoroso distribution, and here we assume that the fading at each branch is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). The switching rate is shown to be only dependent upon the number of branches, Doppler spread, and a shape parameter of an underlying four-parameter Amoroso distribution. Hence the switching rate can simply be evaluated from a one-parameter standard gamma distribution. In the limit of the shape parameter, a further simplified closed form approximation to switching rate is provided for lognormal fading, which is only dependent upon the number of diversity branches, and shown to not be dependent on log-mean or log-standard deviation. Further all theoretical evaluations are shown to closely match those of simulated time-selective fading for a range of shape parameters, including shape parameters tending to infinity, relevant to normal and lognormal fading.","PeriodicalId":211324,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 16th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126736817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}