Corporate Governance: Social Responsibility & Social Impact eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Creating Shared Assets","authors":"René P. Orij","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2644124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2644124","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to assess the creation of so-called shared assets, as a long-term result of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, particularly with regard to the financial sector. Central to the study is the shared value concept by Porter and Kramer (2011). A newly developed quantitative measure of so-called shared assets -- the accounting equivalent of shared value -- is assessed. This suggests a utilitarian motive for CSR within a CSR decision making process. Several theories or models are applied to construct a framework to study the data -- utilitarian ethics, Carroll’s (1991) CSR Pyramid, institutional theory and shared value creation. By focussing on CSR, companies create value that is broader than just financial value. The creation of shared value is similar to self-creation of intangible assets, which are not capitalised. It is hypothesised that CSR activity leads to the creation of shared assets on the long run. In this paper two samples are studied: A rather old sample from 2004, which contains 734 companies from 28 countries, from which 171 from the financial sector from 23 countries and the 2012 sample contains 3,553 companies from 56 countries, including 796 financials. 724 companies appear in both databases, from which 166 are financials. Self-creation of shared assets is similar to the self-creation of non-capitalised goodwill through spending on the improvement of the corporate image. The results of our analysis show only negative associations with financial sector membership. Although statistical evidence is clear, the outcomes may be disturbed by international heterogeneity. This may introduce confounding factors into the cross-sectional dataset. Further analysis is needed to eliminate any disturbing factors. The outcomes of this study provide indications that the rather abstract concepts of shared value and shared assets can operationalised. The discrepancy between expected outcomes and the actual outcomes may suggest a challenge for the financial sector. CSR has its pay-off -- shared assets. This conclusion may lead to a stronger corporate focus on CSR in the future, with possible large social impact. This is the first known accounting study to assess the creation of shared assets and shared value.","PeriodicalId":210981,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Governance: Social Responsibility & Social Impact eJournal","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116097889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responsibilities of Companies Towards Employees","authors":"M. Botha","doi":"10.4314/PELJ.V18I2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/PELJ.V18I2.01","url":null,"abstract":"Central to company law is the promotion of corporate governance. An important question in company law still today is in whose interest the company should be managed. Corporate governance needs to address the entire span of responsibilities to stakeholders of the company such as customers, employees, shareholders, suppliers and the community at large. The promotion of human rights in the application of company law must also take place. This is extremely important given the significant role of enterprises within the social and economic life of the nation. The interests of various stakeholder groups in the context of the corporation as a \"social institution\" should be enhanced and protected. Because corporations are part of society and the community, like all of us, it is required of them to be socially responsible and have greater accountability to all stakeholders of the company. Although directors must act in the best interests of shareholders collectively they must also consider the interests of other stakeholders. Sustainable relationships with all the relevant stakeholders are thus important. The advancement of social justice is thus important to corporations in that they should take note of the Constitution, labour legislation and company law legislation when social justice issues are dealt with. Employees have become very important stakeholders of companies and their needs should be taken into account in the bigger corporate governance and social responsibility framework.","PeriodicalId":210981,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Governance: Social Responsibility & Social Impact eJournal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123956902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women and the Prospects for Partnership in Professional Accountancy Firms","authors":"R. Whiting, Elizabeth Gammie, K. Herbohn","doi":"10.1111/acfi.12066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12066","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines three possible reasons (stereotypical discrimination, structural obstacles and employee's preferences) for the lack of women partners in professional accountancy firms in Australia, UK and New Zealand. Data are collected from an experimental survey and interviews of current partners. Whilst women's perceived preferences and organisational structural barriers contributed strongly to the lack of women partners in all sizes of firms, traditional stereotypical discrimination against women at the partnership decision point was only displayed in metropolitan large non-Big 4 firms, and it is suggested that this is related to intense competitive pressure and a constrained partnership resource.","PeriodicalId":210981,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Governance: Social Responsibility & Social Impact eJournal","volume":"337 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115462299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Ethical and Social Banks Less Risky? Evidence from a New Dataset","authors":"M. Karl","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2617228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2617228","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a new and comprehensive dataset on “alternative” banks in EU and OECD countries. Alternative banks (e.g. ethical, social or sustainable banking) experienced a recent increase in media interest and have been hailed as an answer to the financial crisis but no research exists on their stability. This paper studies whether alternative banks differ from conventional banks in terms of riskiness. For this I construct a comprehensive dataset of alternative banks and compare their riskiness with an adequately matched control group of conventional banks using mean comparison and panel regression techniques. The main result is that alternative banks are significantly more stable (in terms of z-score) than their conventional counterparts. The results are robust to different estimation methods and data specifications. Alternative banks also have lower loan to asset ratios and higher customer deposit ratios than conventional banks.","PeriodicalId":210981,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Governance: Social Responsibility & Social Impact eJournal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132663260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Customer Concentration, Corporate Social Responsibility and Idiosyncratic Risk","authors":"Ahsan Habib, M. Hasan, Md. Borhan Uddin Bhuiyan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2586588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2586588","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the effect of customer concentration on corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures for a large sample of US firms. Using both corporate and government customer concentration, we find that firms with concentrated corporate customer are associated with significantly higher CSR scores, while firms with concentrated government customer are associated with significantly lower CSR scores. Our findings also suggest that corporate customer concentration is associated with significantly less CSR concern, whereas government customer concentration is associated not only with significantly less CSR strength, but also with significantly more CSR concern. Finally, we find that CSR activities mitigate the idiosyncratic risk for firms with corporate customer concentration, lending support to the arguments that firms with socially responsible practices have lower risk.","PeriodicalId":210981,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Governance: Social Responsibility & Social Impact eJournal","volume":"65 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120907849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women on Corporate Board -- Are We Gender Sensitive Enough?","authors":"Nidhi Pandey","doi":"10.22495/cbv12i2art4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22495/cbv12i2art4","url":null,"abstract":"\"You can’t have it all\" was rightly stated by Mrs. Indira Nooyi ,CEO of PepsiCo in an interview at Washington in July 2014.The fairer sex is somewhat responsible for marginal representation on boards apart from the patriarchal society we abode in. The pull factors like societal expectations and self guilt are major factors hindering the women to leave the career ladder in the lurch. Though research studies have proven that inclusion of female directors helps in increasing profits, but the top position is still eluding the women. One of the leading reasons for this grimy scenario is lack of gender sensitivity in the male dominated society which puts forth various queries regarding the bulging gap. Gender Sensitivity in the new millennium is the core of corporate world. With lesser number of women at top of the ladder it put forth various queries. The paper brings forth with the help of a pilot survey the sensitivity of both the genders towards each other in our modern society basically referring to work place and to understand the psychological differences of both the genders on career break and progression post marriage.","PeriodicalId":210981,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Governance: Social Responsibility & Social Impact eJournal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134620425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Human Resources Contribution to Social Responsibility and Environmental Sustainability: Explorations from Ibero-America","authors":"J. Alcaraz, L. Susaeta, Esperanza Suárez, C. Colón, I. Gutiérrez, R. Cunha, F. Leguizamón, S. Idrovo, N. Weisz, M. Correia, J. Pin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2598494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2598494","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore the perceptions of human resource (HR) managers on their contribution to social responsibility and environmental sustainability in three Ibero-American countries (Spain, the Dominican Republic and Costa Rica). We rely on a qualitative approach and in-depth interviews at 28 firms in the travel and tourism industry (in the hospitality sector, of particular relevance for these countries and one that has significant sustainability challenges). We examine HR managers' underlying notions about social and environmental issues, stakeholder collaboration, HR practices, roles and internal organization. We outline implications, identify areas of progress and suggest several avenues for HR to advance sustainability-driven agendas.","PeriodicalId":210981,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Governance: Social Responsibility & Social Impact eJournal","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114438757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Red Flag: A Mean for Preventing and Detecting Corporate Fraud","authors":"Deepa Mangala, P. Kumari","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2988594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2988594","url":null,"abstract":"Corporate fraud is a matter of serious concern as it causes a challenge to the business organization in today’s dynamic environment. Fraud is a wilful act to obtain money, property or other advantages that recipients are not actually entitled to own. It occurs in all countries and affects all type of organizations irrespective of their size, place or industry type. Most of the fraud cases occur after some signals which are known as red flags. Red flags help in understanding root causes of fraud. The present research examines the red flags as a mean to the managers, auditors, and regulators for detection, prevention, and investigation of corporate fraud. Various research studies available from different national and international journals have been taken into consideration. The review reveals that management related characteristics, firm’s operating and financial environment and inadequate internal control system significantly affect the presence of fraud whereas industry environment related variables are insignificantly related with the occurrence of fraud.","PeriodicalId":210981,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Governance: Social Responsibility & Social Impact eJournal","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115680086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Performance Indicators CSR for Socially Responsible Investment in Emerging Markets","authors":"A. Naletova, N. Safronova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2550332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2550332","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - the study of indicators of corporate social responsibility in the implementation of socially responsible investing through ETFs (Exchange trade funds) in emerging markets.Composed of the regression equation and the figures obtained correlation between the criteria of corporate social responsibility and economic data, as well as the degree of this influence. In the identified CSR indicators, the use of which in corporate governance promotes socially responsible investirovanie in emerging markets through Exchange trade funds. The proposed methodology for the assessment of the seven key CSR indicators and the results of evaluation of companies included in the financial rating of \"500 FT\".","PeriodicalId":210981,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Governance: Social Responsibility & Social Impact eJournal","volume":"70 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132083046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CSR Mapping: Swiss Stakeholder Salience, Concerns, and Ethics","authors":"S. Looser, W. Wehrmeyer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2541199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2541199","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Switzerland has made few attempts to identify actual and potential stakeholders and their diverging contributions to this topic.Using stakeholder map methodology, showing power, urgency, legitimacy, and concerns of different actors, the paper investigates the current state of Swiss CSR. To derive this map, publicly available documents were explored, augmented by 27 interviews with key stakeholders (consumers, media, government, trade unions, Non-Profit Organisations (NPOs), banks, certifiers, and consultants) and management of different companies (Multinational Enterprises (MNEs), Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), and large national companies).Using MAXQDA, the quantified codes given for power, legitimacy, and urgency were transferred into stakeholder priorities or, in other words, into positions in the map. Further, the codes given in the interviews for different CSR interests and the results from the document analysis were linked between stakeholders. The identified concerns and priorities were quantitatively analysed in regard to centrality and salience using VennMaker.The paper found SMEs, MNEs, and cooperating NPOs as being the most significant stakeholders. Swiss CSR is therefore not primarily driven by regulators, market pressure, or customers. Further network parameters substantiated the importance of SMEs while following an unconventionally informal, but innovative, vibrant, and practical CSR approach, emerging for reasons alter than conventional agendas are supposed to evolve. In fact, the findings may point at a very different and highly sophisticated role businesses have adopted in Switzerland, manifesting in democratic decisions and abolished hierarchies, handshakes instead of formal contracts, and transparency in all respects (e.g. performance indicators, salaries, and bonuses).Hence, as a new stance and argument within CSR related research, this paper concludes that “informal” does not mean “weak”.","PeriodicalId":210981,"journal":{"name":"Corporate Governance: Social Responsibility & Social Impact eJournal","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133634334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}