Reviews in Clinical Medicine最新文献

{"title":"A 4-year Study on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Trends of Nosocomial Infections in a Mashhad Referral Hospital, Mashhad, Iran","authors":"Mahbobeh Khammar, Sepideh Hassanzadeh, F. Tara, Malihe Siahsar, F. Tahmasbi, M. Keikha, K. Ghazvini","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2021.57591.1367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2021.57591.1367","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:In the present study, we evaluated the 4-year antimicrobial resistance trends of several nosocomial pathogens during 2018-2021 in a reffereal Mashhad hospital, Mashhad, Iran. \u0000Methods:In this study, we reviewed the data of 70,234 clinical isolates were registred Infection Control Data of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI) instructions to evaluate trends of antimicrobial resistance over the times. \u0000Results: There were identified (A. baumannii: n = 19,374; K. pneumonia n = 17,206; E. coli n = 23,777; S. epidermidis: n = 9,877). We did not find any significant difference in changes of antimicrobial trends over the time except in minor cases . However, The pattern of antimicrobial drug resistance was gradually differed except E. coli. \u0000Conclusion: our results suggested the overall antimicrobial resistance trends was remins the same level during 2018-2021. It seems that in accessibility and stop prescribing of antibiotics can lead to decreasing antibiotic resistance rate.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47142380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fetal Nasopharyngeal Teratoma: An Autopsy Case Report","authors":"A. Rezaei, N. Afzali","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2021.56204.1360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2021.56204.1360","url":null,"abstract":"Teratoma is a rare type of tumor that can contain fully developed tissues and organs, including hair, teeth, muscle, and bone. Teratomas are most common in the tailbone, ovaries, and testicles, but can occur elsewhere in the body. These tumors originate from all three embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Nasopharyngeal teratomas are responsible for a high birth mortality rate from acute respiratory distress. We report a rare case of pharyngeal mass in a fetus with antenatal ultrasound and autopsy findings. A 31-year-old primigravid woman with history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and treated hypothyroidism presented with severe polyhydarmnios, prenatal ultrasound revealed a heterogenous solid cystic mass in submandibular region with no vascularity on Doppler exam. The postmortem and pathologic examination confirmed the nasopharyngeal teratoma with extensive cervical extension. The aim of this study was updating current knowledge about this disease.In 1863 Virchow used the term “teratoma” that derived from the Greek word “teraton” (meaning monster .Teratoma is a true neoplasm and is the most common mass encountered in neonates .","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45799553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erythema nodosum the first clinical manifestation of Crohn's disease in a 14-year-old boy: A case report","authors":"Sheila Kianifar, A. Malek, M. Kiani, Hamid Reza Goldouzi","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2021.54857.1349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2021.54857.1349","url":null,"abstract":"Erythema nodosum is a condition in which the skin suffers from oval-shaped and tender erythematous patches, mostly on the anterior region of the leg and sometimes other parts of the body, including the arms and affects subcutaneous adipose tissue. These patches are self-limiting and usually heal on their own within one to two weeks. The patient introduced here is a 14-year-old boy who complained of oval-shaped tender erythematous lesions on the legs of both legs and referred and was hospitalized 5 days ago. The patient continued to complain of pain in both thighs when standing and sitting. The patient developed a high fever upon admission. There was no history of the disease while we were taking his history. All laboratory tests were performed and rheumatic diseases and possible malignancies were evaluated and rejected. The patient was treated with the anti- naproxen, an inflammatory drug, and then the patient's pain and fever decreased. However, the patient suffered from multiple ulcerative lesions in the mouth on the final day of hospitalization. Infectious counseling was performed and he was discharged with a diagnosis of erythema nodosum (EN) in the context of oral herpes. Two days after discharge, the patient suffered from hematochezia. Consequently, he was hospitalized and underwent colonoscopy, which showed multiple mucosal lesions in the esophagus and duodenum, and a sample was sent for pathology. The test result showed Crohn's disease, and the patient was treated immediately.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48382399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Procalcitonin in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","authors":"F. Akbari, Mina Delghandi, F. Rezaeetalab","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2021.56075.1359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2021.56075.1359","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide. One of the most important events in the course of COPD is acute exacerbation. Acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) is characterized by the aggravation of dyspnea, cough, and sputum. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation leads to respiratory failure, hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. During and after the COPD attack, lung function dramatically decreased.  Bacterial pneumonia is an important and serious risk factor for AECOPD. However, there are other inflammatory and non-inflammatory causes of AECOPD. Antibiotic treatment is usually challenging in AECOPD. Procalcitonin is a non-hormone active protein and precursor to calcitonin that consists of 116 amino acids, and 13 kDa weight is produced by the neuroendocrine cells of the thyroid gland. However, procalcitonin is secreted in septic shock, metastatic cancers, bacterial and fungal infections; therefore, serum procalcitonin is increased in bacterial pneumonia of AECOPD. Some studies recommended procalcitonin serum measurement as a guide for antibiotic initiation in AECOPD.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42362905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Genetic Etiology and Emerging Molecular Therapies for FSHD in Preclinical Studies","authors":"Mohammad Reza Seyyed Taghia, Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani, R. Boostani, M. Shariati, Ariane Sadr Nabavi","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2021.55722.1355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2021.55722.1355","url":null,"abstract":"Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is one of the most common musculoskeletal diseases with a considerable burden. Most of the affected individuals experience muscle weakness as the common muscular symptom. Despite the underlying genetic mechanism which is extensively studied, curative treatment is not available for patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, and only supportive care is considered as the treatment of choice. Recently, several studies addressed the treatment of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy by genetic engineering strategies, most of which indicate the effectiveness of different types of small interfering ribonucleic acids. However, these studies are still in the preclinical phase and it seems that there is a long way ahead of curing facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy despite recent advances in the field of genetic engineering. This study aimed to review the underlying genetic mechanism of Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy alongside providing the latest preclinical studies related to the treatment of this disease.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42198214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mediterranean diet and lung cancer; a review on case-control studies","authors":"S. Hejazi, S. Ravanshad, S. Sajjadi","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2021.56350.1361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2021.56350.1361","url":null,"abstract":"Lung cancer is among the most common types of cancer with considerable mortality and morbidity around the globe. There are various risk factors involved in the development of lung cancer, and cancer prevention plans are mainly based on controlling the modifiable risk factors. While tobacco smoking is considered the main modifiable risk factor of lung cancer, some other modifiable factors including diet have become the center of attention in recent years. Although tobacco smoking control is one of the main strategies for preventing lung cancer in many countries, it has been discussed that eating a healthy diet can also be an adjuvant strategy for reducing the risk of developing lung cancer. In the present narrative review, we did a literature search for studies that addressed the effect of the Mediterranean diet on the development of lung cancer. Our findings show that different types of Mediterranean diets could be beneficial for reducing the risk of developing lung cancer.Â","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49471318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of spirometry in screening of children with respiratory disease","authors":"S. J. Sayedi, Akram Rabbani, Elahe Ghayebie, Havva Abdollahi Kakroudi, Z. Sepehri","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2021.55519.1354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2021.55519.1354","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diagnostic value of spirometry in evaluation of pulmonary function is known; however, predictive potential of this method has always been undervalued. In the present systematic review, we aimed to collect all available data to show whether spirometry can be used in screening programs to predict future pulmonary disease. Materials and Methods: A database search was performed in Ovid, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar using “spirometry” and “predictive value” as the main search terms.Results: After excluding irrelevant documents, 19 related articles were selected and data extraction was performed. The results of included literatures showed that spirometry is a safe and reliable method for evaluation of pulmonary function. Also, it was reported that spirometry can provide useful information, which can be complementary to other method of evaluation.Conclusion: Findings showed that spirometry is a valid and non-invassive method of assessment for diagnosis of respiratory diseases such as asthma, and airway obstruction. Also, spirometric parameters may be helpful to predict future pulmonary condition at least in children.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41823451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Clinical Report on the Impact of Gastric Bypass Surgery on Obesity-Related Complaints and Comorbidities Six Months after the Surgery","authors":"Vahideh Banazadeh, A. Jangjoo, A. N. Ostad, G. Ranjbar, M. J. Noghabi, D. H. Alamdari, M. Mobarhan, Reyhaneh Faridnia, M. Nematy","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2021.46567.1306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2021.46567.1306","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:Gastric bypass surgery is an intervention used to treat class III obesity and its complications. Evidence is scarce regarding its benefits among the Iranian population, especially its role in resolving obesity-related complaints and comorbidities. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of gastric bypass surgery on the improvement of obesity-related complaints and comorbidities in morbid obesity. Methods:This study was conducted on 35 morbidly obese patients who volunteered to undergo gastric bypass surgery. Anthropometric data, comorbidity status, and dietary habits were collected at baseline and six months postoperatively. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16.0. Results: The majority of the patients were female (80). A significant difference was observed in the frequency distribution of normal dietary habits (five regular meals per day) before and after surgery (P = 0.01). In comparison, the distribution was not significant for snacking and three large meals per day (P > 0.05). All complaints of eating disorders according to self-reports (e.g., overeating and night eating syndrome) significantly improved (P 0.05). Conclusion: Accordingly, gastric bypass surgery could improve obesity-related complaints six months postoperatively. Also, according to the patientsâ�� self -declaration, patientsâ�� adherence to â��normal eating habitsâ�� increased during this period, and their eating disorders like night eating syndrome (NES) and overeating behaviors decreased compared to before the surgery.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49543474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Salt Intake in Helicobacter Pylori Infected Individuals Can Significantly Increase the Risk of Gastric Cancer; a Global Analysis","authors":"K. Ghazvini, M. Keikha","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2021.56727.1363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2021.56727.1363","url":null,"abstract":"The odds ratio with 95%CIs was used to evaluated the synergistic effects between high salt intake and H. pylori infection among gastric cancer cases. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 index and Cochrane Q-test; In addition, the presence of publication bias was measured using Begg’s p-value and Egger’s p-value test (18). There were 7 studies met our criteria. These studies were conducted during 2003-2019 in Korea, Japan, United states, China, and Portugal. We evaluated data of 8,068 cases. H. pylori infection was confirmed by ELISA and UBT in these eligible studies (Table 1). The frequency of gastric cancer in habitual high salt intakes with positive H. pylori infection was significantly greater than those preference salty food with negative H. pylori infection (Chi-square: 5.33; p-value: 0.02). Our results suggested that there is a positive association between high salt intake and risk of gastric cancer in H. pylori infected-individuals (OR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.01-2.15; p-value: 0.04; I2: 83.6; Q-value: 36.6; Begg’s p-value: 0.13; Egger’s p-value: 0.25) (Fig. 1). \u0000Gastric cancer is one of the top cause of cancer-related death in the world (1). Unfortunately, gastric cancer has a poor-prognosis and untreated early gastric cancer lesions will progress to advanced gastric cancer during 4-5 years (2). Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous malignancy with multifactorial causes including socio-economic status, diet, environmental condition, genetic polymorphism as well as infectious agents particularly chronic infection by Helicobacter pylori (3). In 1994, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) announced that H. pylori is considered as class I carcinogens and etiologic cause of human gastric cancer (4). However, a high rate of H. pylori infection in areas with a low incidence of gastric cancer remains an enigma (5). It has been suggested that H. pylori infection alone cannot cause gastric cancer without synergistic effects of lifestyle, diet, etc (6-7). On the other hand, there is evidence that dietary salt has an association with gastric adenocarcinoma (8-9). Therefore, it may that H. pylori infection and high salt intakes have synergistic effects in the development of gastric cancer. the previous studies reveal that salt cause upregulation of H. pylori cagA gene during in vitro experiments (10). We performed a comprehensive literature search in several databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google scholar using search terms consisting “Helicobacter pylori”, “Salt”, “Gastric cancer”, “Dietary” and “Salt intake” without limitation in time and language. The potential relevant documents were evaluated and the required data such as first author, publication year, country, total cases, the frequency of high salt intake among H. pylori-infected cases with gastric cancer or odds ratio corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs), and H. pylori diagnostic test were summarized in Table 1. The odds ratio with 95%CIs was used to evaluate the sy","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43186944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agreement of Ocular Biometry Measured by LenStar LS 900 and CASIA2 Optical Coherence Tomography","authors":"Maliheh Karimpour, N. Sharif, N. Shoeibi, N. Yazdani, Asieh Ehsaei","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2021.55369.1352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2021.55369.1352","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:The present study aimed to compare the anterior segment measurements between optical low-coherence reflectometry (LenStar LS900) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (CASIA2 OCT). Methods:A total of 198 right eyes of 198 healthy participants were used for the current study, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ocular biometry parameters, such as central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), keratometry, and anterior chamber width (ACW), were measured usingLenStar LS 900 and CASIA2 OCT. The differences and correlations were assessed between these two instruments. The agreement was calculated as the 95% limits of agreement (LoA). Results: Among 198 subjects with a mean age of 29.39±7.88 years who enrolled in the study, 106 individuals (53.5%) were women. The mean CCT values were 531.7±35.25 and 527.3±37.82 µm for LenStar and OCT, respectively (P˂0.0001). The ACD measurements showed 2.92±0.40 and 2.95±0.43 mm for LenStar and OCT, respectively (P=0.0549). The ACW mean values were 12.04±0.52 and 11.79±0.49 mm by LenStar and OCT (P˂0.0001). The 95% LoA between the two instruments were within the ranges of -20.79 to 29.43 µm, -0.50 to -0.43 mm, -0.32 to 0.82 mm, and -0.70 to 0.87 D for CCT, ACD, ACW, and astigmatism, respectively. Conclusion: LenStar and OCT showed to have interchangeable ACD measurements; however, the results of CCT, ACW, and corneal astigmatism measured by these two instruments demonstrated clinically significant differences","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42548594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}