Regional Studies in Marine Science最新文献

{"title":"The cadmium content in commercially key species of seafood from Shandong, China: Potential human health risk estimation","authors":"Junyi Shi ,&nbsp;Sijia Liu ,&nbsp;Xi Wu ,&nbsp;Jiaxi Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziheng Yan ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Zhao ,&nbsp;Xing Wu ,&nbsp;Yongfeng Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seafood serves as a vital protein source for human nutrition, yet it also significantly contributes to the intake of dietary cadmium. In this study, we measured the cadmium content in 274 samples from 20 species, including fish, shrimp, and bivalves collected across five cities in Shandong province and assessed the associated health risks for local residents with varying consumption habits. The findings revealed a distinct increasing trend in cadmium concentrations from pelagic fish to benthic bivalve species; however, no evidence of biomagnification was observed among the studied species. Health risk assessments indicated that while there were no non-carcinogenic health risks posed by seafood consumption for local residents exposed to cadmium, carcinogen risks exceeded acceptable levels for lifetime cancer risk. Furthermore, children exhibited approximately twice as high risk indices compared to adults. Bivalve consumption emerged as the primary contributor to these health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21070,"journal":{"name":"Regional Studies in Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-harvest loss assessment of Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) along the value chain in Bangladesh","authors":"Syed Ariful Haque ,&nbsp;Md. Fakhrul Islam ,&nbsp;Saud M. Al-Jufaili ,&nbsp;Mohammad Chhiddikur Rahman ,&nbsp;Md. Rajib Sharker ,&nbsp;Md. Sabit Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hilsa, the national fish of Bangladesh, contributes more than 12 % of the country's total fish production. Considering the species' importance, this study assessed the post-harvest loss (PHL) of Hilsa across the value chain. Data were collected at the landing and distribution chain from 200 fisherman, 40 aratdars (Aratdar-I), 40 wholesalers at landing sites of the Chandpur district, 40 aratdars (Aratdar-II), and 70 retailers at the distribution sites of the Jamalpur district. The results revealed 12.56 % post-harvest losses in the value chains, most of which were caused by quality losses (8.41 %). Along the value chain, fishermen faced the highest losses 5.291 %, followed by 3.813 % in the retailers. These findings suggest fishermen and retail markets are hotspots of spoilage and fish loss. The OLS regression model indicated that inappropriate age and lack of experience of stakeholders, prolonged harvesting time, inadequate washing facilities, fishermen small size group, longer distances between fishing locations and landing sites, lack of proper education and training, delaying auctioning, insufficient infrastructure facilities, longer selling time, and insufficient cooling facilities were the significant factors causing PHL in the value chain. Nutritional analysis revealed substantial changes across the value chain. Moisture content increased steadily, which accelerated the spoilage. A significant decrease in protein, lipid and ash indicated the substantial loss of nutrients after harvesting up to the retail market. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for nutritional composition analyses demonstrated that after the catch, aratdar-I, and boat had higher nutrient levels, while aratdar-II, local wholesaler, and post-transportation had higher moisture and lower nutrient levels. The PC1 accounted 95.92 % of the variation, indicating that handling and storage had significant influences in maintaining nutritional quality. To reduce post-harvest losses, the government must implement standardized practices throughout the Hilsa value chain to ensure food security and sustainability in the Hilsa fishery and boost the economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21070,"journal":{"name":"Regional Studies in Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and source of entanglements in Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) in South Africa","authors":"M. Ramilo-Henry ,&nbsp;S.H. Elwen ,&nbsp;A. Barnes ,&nbsp;V. Ward ,&nbsp;T. Gridley","doi":"10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global pollution is increasing, and marine mammals are commonly affected by marine debris. This study combined data from multiple sources to help understand the prevalence, characteristics and demographic profile of Cape fur seals (<em>Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus</em>) entangled in anthropogenic items. Overall, 383 cases of entanglement in seals were identified with a regional prevalence for South Africa of 0.12 %, i.e., just over one in every thousand animals. Fishing materials were the primary cause of entanglements (70 %), with most entanglements observed on adults (n = 249, 65 %), particularly adult females (n = 95, 66 % of all sex-determined entangled seals). This study highlights the need for correct disposal of waste, particularly that derived from the fishing industry to mitigate the impact of marine pollution on the welfare and conservation of marine fauna in South Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21070,"journal":{"name":"Regional Studies in Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of heavy metal contamination and trophic status of coral reef sediments of the Lakshadweep Archipelago, Arabian Sea","authors":"E.R. Vignesh ,&nbsp;T.R. Gireeshkumar ,&nbsp;C.R. Emil John ,&nbsp;M.P. Jafna Binu ,&nbsp;K.S. Arya","doi":"10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the distribution, contamination status, and ecological implications of heavy metals in the Lakshadweep Archipelago corals and coral reef sediments and the role of labile organic matter on metal accumulation in sediments. Heavy metal concentrations were relatively higher in the inter-tidal sediments than in the lagoon and the corals. The geochemical indices generally indicated the low anthropogenic contribution of heavy metals in sediments, and according to the sediment quality guidelines, there are no adverse effects on the biota. Sedimentary biochemical constituents are dominated by carbohydrates (CHO) followed by Lipids (LPD) and Proteins (PRT), and the low values of PRT: CHO and LPD: CHO ratios indicated aged, refractory organic matter with low nutritional quality. A portion of CHO may be derived from terrestrial sources, and statistical analyses revealed that CHO and LPD are the potential carriers of toxic metals such as Cd, Co and As into the coral reef environment. The biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) showed Cd as a macro concentrator and Zn, Ni, V and As as micro-macro concentrators in Lakshadweep corals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21070,"journal":{"name":"Regional Studies in Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulnerability of elasmobranchs caught by artisanal fishery in the Southeastern Caribbean","authors":"Rafael Tavares ,&nbsp;Maria T. Carreon-Zapiain ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Perez-Jimenez","doi":"10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Caribbean is recognized as one of the regions with significant elasmobranch diversity; however, the lack of scientific data has made it difficult to conduct traditional fish stock assessments. A Productivity Susceptibility Analysis (PSA) was used to evaluate the vulnerability of the most important elasmobranch species caught by artisanal fishery carried out in the northeastern region of Venezuela. The fishing database created by the INIA and CIT was used as a starting point to obtain catch composition, and biological and fishing information. Of the 37 elasmobranch species captured in the study area, 12 were selected for the PSA. Analysis indicated that the selected species, most of them small-sized sharks, had medium and high productivity; while all species evaluated showed high susceptibility to artisanal fishing. Among the elasmobranch species with high vulnerability, seven of them comprised five sharks (<em>C. limbatus</em>, <em>R. lalandii</em>, <em>R. porosus</em>, <em>C. brevipinna</em> and <em>C. acronotus</em>) and two batoids (<em>H. guttatus</em> and <em>A. narinari</em>). Elasmobranchs species with medium vulnerability included two sharks (<em>M. higmani</em> and <em>M. minicanis</em>) and one batoid (<em>H. americanus</em>); while those with low vulnerability comprised two shark species (<em>M canis</em> and <em>M. norrisi</em>). In the study area, elasmobranch fishing has been carried out for decades without effective management strategies, and the artisanal fishery poses a potential threat to the populations of this group of fish. The species identified in this study as having high vulnerability or risk should be immediately prioritised for serious management by the national agencies responsible for fishing administration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21070,"journal":{"name":"Regional Studies in Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ni) in the edible tissue of Oncorhynchus mykiss trout in the rivers of the southern Caspian Sea and the northern and southeast coast of Iran","authors":"Sanaz Khammar ,&nbsp;Reza Dahmardeh Behrooz ,&nbsp;Paromita Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Najme Zeinalipour","doi":"10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aims to monitor and compare the concentration of heavy metals viz., zinc, copper, lead and nickel in the edible tissue of <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em> trout in the southern coast of Caspian Sea and the rivers of Khash city in the north-southeast coast of Iran. The average concentrations of zinc, copper, lead and nickel for the Stations in the north of Iran and the southeast of Iran were found 10.1, 8.1, 5.9, 4.7 and 6.5, 6.1, 3.5, 3.2 μg/g dry weight, respectively. Lead exceeded was the recommended standard limits by WHO, FAO, NHMRC, EC and UKMAFF. Based on the results, the average nickel metal was higher than the allowed concentration of international standards in all the studied stations, which indicates that more control should be done on the sources producing this metal around the target areas. furthermore, the daily intake (EDI) of the studied metals in all age groups were lower than the reference dose determined by the EPA organization and the tolerable intake (TI) provided by the FAO/WHO organization. The lowest frequency of daily consumption of <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em> was reported for the group of adult males and based on nickel metal (1.67 μg/g) and lead metal (1.14 μg/g) in the rivers located in the south of the Caspian Sea and the rivers of Khash city located in the southeast of Iran, respectively. The risk potential and risk index for non-cancerous diseases for all age groups in the muscle tissue of this fish was less than one, which shows that the consumption of this type of fish for human consumption will not cause a problem from the point of view of health and public health. However, management measures are necessary to prevent and control pollutants, especially in the southern shores of the Caspian Sea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21070,"journal":{"name":"Regional Studies in Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population size estimates and migrations of the queen conch (Aliger gigas) in the nursery ground of the Xel-Há coastal inlet based on a mark-recapture and census surveys","authors":"Villegas-Hernández Harold ,&nbsp;Monroy-López Juan Carlos ,&nbsp;Pech-Puch Dawrin ,&nbsp;Manzanero-Vázquez Eddie Alejandro ,&nbsp;Raigoza-Figueras Rodolfo","doi":"10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This project aims to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of the queen conch (<em>Aliger gigas</em>) population in the sanctuary of Xel-Há Inlet (Mexico). During 2022 and 2023, visual censuses (on 42 fixed transects per sampling) and biometrics (siphonal length SL and lip thickness LT) were carried out to estimate average densities and size-frequency distribution within four zones: Bocana (BO), Centro (CN), Brazo Norte (BN), and Brazo Sur (BS). In addition, the average population size (<span><math><msub><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mo>ˆ</mo></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) and migrations were estimated following a mark-recapture methodology on 7 occasions, tagging 574 specimens (279 in 2022 and 295 in 2023). Regarding the ontogenetic phases (based on LT) of the organisms observed during censuses i<em>n</em> 2022 (<em>n</em> = 279), 81 corresponded to adults and 198 juveniles; meanwhile, in 2023 (<em>n</em> = 531), 36 were adults and 495 juveniles, indicating that the inlet is mostly a nursery ground. The overall mean densities have increased since Feb-2022 (0.543 ind./100 m²) up to Nov-2023 (5.079 ind./100 m²). Benthic variables and density of <em>A. gigas</em> varied spatially, i.e., CN and BO had higher benthic coverage of sand and seagrasses related to elevated densities of adults; meanwhile, BN and BS were dominated by turf and macroalgae and related to higher densities for juveniles. A total of 284 (54.2 % of tags) specimens were recaptured at another time, and based on the Jolly-Seber model, <span><math><msub><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mo>ˆ</mo></mover></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> was estimated at 938 specimens (ranging from 538 to 1369). Regarding migrations, 79 tagged specimens that moved to other zones were identified, and 205 specimens were again observed in the same zone. Inter-annually, 108 tags in 2022 were later observed in 2023, and 36 specimens (earlier as juveniles) a year later were recaptured as adults; meanwhile, 72 adults in 2022 were again observed in 2023, thus indicating that queen conch used to return to breed within the inlet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21070,"journal":{"name":"Regional Studies in Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional traits and ecosystem implications in the Multiple Use Marine Protected Area Almirantazgo Sound: A baseline study of scallop banks and benthic communities","authors":"Taryn Sepúlveda ,&nbsp;Claudia Andrade ,&nbsp;Eduardo Almonacid ,&nbsp;Erik Daza ,&nbsp;Cristóbal Rivera ,&nbsp;Cristian Vargas ,&nbsp;Cristian Aldea","doi":"10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amid escalating environmental challenges confronting marine ecosystems, the proliferation of coastal and marine protected areas (MPAs) has emerged as a pivotal strategy for mitigating biodiversity loss and fostering sustainable resource management. This research advocates for a paradigm shift towards a trait-based approach to assess functional diversity (FD) within MPAs, with a specific focus on the ecologically crucial <em>Austrochlamys natans</em> banks in Parry Bay, MPA Almirantazgo Sound. By surveying 28 invertebrate species across eight phyla, a PCA using fuzzy-coded functional traits revealed five distinct groupings primarily based on feeding, movement, and reproductive modes. Mobile predators and scavengers clustered distinctly from sessile suspension feeders and limited-mobility grazers, indicating a scarcity of mobile predator species in Parry Bay, which impacts the ecosystem's dynamics. FD indices highlighted low functional α-diversity, emphasizing trait redundancy that enhances resilience but relies heavily on a few unique and specialized species. The potential extinction or migration of these species could directly affect unique ecosystem properties. While revealing the resilience of the benthic community, this research underscores its dependence on a handful of species that are crucial for both ecological functions and regional commercial significance. Urgent conservation and management measures are imperative to protect these species and maintain the delicate balance of this ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21070,"journal":{"name":"Regional Studies in Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics contamination through a mighty estuarine island: Distribution, influencing factors, and risk assessment","authors":"Shahoriar Arefin ,&nbsp;Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam ,&nbsp;Mehedi Hasan ,&nbsp;Al-Nure Mubin ,&nbsp;Md. Alinur Rahman ,&nbsp;Mir Mohammad Ali ,&nbsp;Md Abu Bakar Siddique ,&nbsp;Hazem Ghassan Abdo ,&nbsp;Abubakr M. Idris ,&nbsp;Subodh chandra Pal ,&nbsp;Guilherme Malafaia ,&nbsp;Venkatramanan Senapathi","doi":"10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global concern over microplastic (MP) contamination in diverse ecosystems is well-established, yet Nijhum Dwip Island (NDI), known for its ecological diversity, has not undergone a comprehensive study addressing the extent of MP pollution. This research aims to evaluate the spatial distribution, influencing factors, and ecological risks of MPs in both sediment and surface water surrounding NDI, situated in the Northern Bay of Bengal. A meticulous collection of 40 sediment and 40 tidal water samples from various sites facilitated a detailed analysis. The mean abundance of MPs in sediment was 138.39 ± 34.15 pieces/kg, while in water, it was 72.83 ± 30.76 pieces/m³. Various shapes observed on NDI included films, fragments, fibers, and foams, with fragments dominating in sediment (64.05 %) and water (61.51 %). Analysis of FTIR spectra identified two primary polymer types, namely polyethylene (PE) at 57 % and polypropylene (PP) at 40 %. The results indicated elevated pollution levels on NDI, with sediment and water pollution load index measuring 1.32 and 2.01, respectively, signifying significant MP contamination in both compartments. Given the island's rare biodiversity, the vicinity of wastewater sewages, anthropogenic activities, and atmospheric deposition, could be behind MP contamination in water and sediments. No strong correlation between MP and physiochemical properties in water and PCA biplots showed their similar distribution, whereas MP abundances in sediment were significantly correlated with pH and organic matter (p&lt;0.05), signifying a pivotal role in transporting MPs in the aquatic environment. Two canonical variables were identified as important by canonical correlation analysis, demonstrating the interdependence of MP contamination at the sample sites. This research contributes to better insights into the occurrence of MP in the rare islands, which are ecosystems that have been hardly examined for this type of pollution, and it can report sustainable interventions to lessen MP inputs to the Bay of Bengal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21070,"journal":{"name":"Regional Studies in Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warming events and their causes at the Bering Sea section B in summer of 1999–2019","authors":"Jiankang Liu ,&nbsp;Hongxia Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on hydrological data for the Bering Sea from 1999 to 2019 during the Chinese National Arctic Research Expeditions (CHINAREs), along with oceanographic and meteorological data from the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), we investigated trends in summer at the Bering Sea section B over the past 20 years and their underlying causes. The results revealed a pronounced rise in temperature at the Bering Sea section B in 2003, 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2019, suggesting a shift towards a new phase of warmth starting in 2014. In warm years (2003, 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2019), the mean maximum temperature in the upper layer in the basin north of 57°N and on the continental shelf were roughly 2.7 °C, 2.6 °C higher than that in cold years (1999, 2008, 2010, and 2012). Additionally, the mean minimum temperature of the cold water in the middle layer in the basin was roughly 0.7 °C higher in the warm years compared to the cold years. This difference between the warm and cold years was evident in the heat content: the average heat content in the upper to middle layers in the basin north of 57°N and on the continental shelf were about 1.2 and 0.9 GJ/m² higher, respectively, in the warm years than the cold years. However, there was a modest warming trend in the basin south of 57°N, and the temperature in the mid-layer on the continental shelf showed year-to-year stability, in contrast to the significant warming observed elsewhere. Further study suggested that temperature fluctuation in the basin was closely tied to seasonal 2-m air temperature. In addition, the southern basin, divided at 57°N, experienced larger positive or negative anomalous wind stress curl compared to the northern basin. This discrepancy resulted in differing causes of temperature variation between the two regions. Temperature change in the upper layer on the continental shelf was attributed to an increase in cumulative net heat flux resulting from reduced sea ice, while the temperature in the middle layer on the continental shelf was limited by the enhanced density gradient between the upper and middle layer caused by melt ice, preventing significant warming. Overall, the thermal state for the Bering Sea section B was influenced by a combination of factors, including net heat flux, sea ice, and atmospheric conditions, contributing to the year-to-year variation characterized by alternating cold and warm regimes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21070,"journal":{"name":"Regional Studies in Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}