Radiology and Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Non-thermal ablation and drug delivery by electroporation: expanding current indications beyond cancer and cardiac treatment.","authors":"Damijan Miklavcic, Helena Cindric, Rafael V Davalos, Frederic Deschamps, Julie Gehl, Bor Kos, Peter Kramar, Dimitrij Kuhelj, Martijn R Meijerink, Declan Soden, Miha Stabuc, Gregor Sersa","doi":"10.2478/raon-2026-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2026-0040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Electroporation-Based Treatments and Therapies (EBTTs) - electrochemotherapy, irreversible electroporation, pulsed field ablation, and gene electro-transfer - use short, high-voltage electric pulses to permeabilize cell membranes, enabling non-thermal tissue ablation and enhanced local drug delivery. Although EBTTs have been used clinically for over three decades, primarily in oncology, their adoption remains limited compared to thermal ablation modalities. In contrast, cardiac pulsed field ablation (PFA) has seen rapid adoption since the first FDA device approval in December 2023.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This expert opinion paper reviews the current clinical landscape of EBTTs in oncology and cardiac arrhythmia treatments, and focuses on emerging non-oncological and non-cardiac applications, including endoscopic pulsed electric field therapy for type 2 diabetes, bronchial rheoplasty for chronic bronchitis, bleomycin electrosclerotherapy for vascular malformations, nanosecond PFA for benign thyroid nodules, and electroporation-mediated gene delivery - and identifies key barriers to wider adoption: insufficient randomized evidence, lack of validated treatment planning tools, fragmented reimbursement, and limited standardization. We outline measures to facilitate clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21034,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging for staging esophageal cancer: a comparative study with PET-CT.","authors":"Xiaohu Xu, Rong Yu, Qiulian Ma, Tingting Yin, Haisheng Chen, Ye Qian, Hong Li, Rongxing Qi, Yachun Xu","doi":"10.2478/raon-2026-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2026-0037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate preoperative staging is crucial for selecting treatment strategies and assessing prognosis in esophageal cancer. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) is currently recognized as an essential staging modality, whereas the value of whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (WB-DWI), a radiation-free functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique in esophageal cancer staging remains unclear. The objective of the study was to conduct a head-to-head comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of WB-DWI versus PET-CT in the initial diagnosis of esophageal cancer patients for local T staging, regional lymph node (N) assessment, and distant metastasis (M) detection.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This study collected data from 96 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent pathological diagnosis and imaging evaluation at Haian People's Hospital between January 2023 and January 2025. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was employed to balance confounding factors between groups, ultimately forming matched cohorts for analysis: the WB-DWI group (n = 32) and the PET-CT group (n = 32). Using postoperative pathology (PTNM) and/or 6-month follow-up clinical diagnosis as the gold standard, the following metrics were evaluated: T staging accuracy, N staging sensitivity/specificity, distant metastasis (M staging) detection rate, overall staging accuracy, image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), examination duration, and inter-observer agreement (Kappa value). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated for both methods. Diagnostic performance was analyzed using ROC curves, and the area under the curve (AUC) was compared via DeLong's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>WB-DWI and PET-CT demonstrated comparable overall staging accuracy for esophageal cancer (84.4% <i>vs</i>. 87.5%, <i>p</i> > 0.05). For N staging, PET-CT demonstrated higher sensitivity (90.6% <i>vs</i>. 78.1%, <i>p</i> < 0.05), while both methods showed identical specificity (87.5%). In detecting distant metastases, PET-CT exhibited marginally higher detection rates and accuracy than WB-DWI, though differences were not statistically significant. WB-DWI demonstrated lower accuracy for T staging (71.9% <i>vs</i>. 84.4%, p < 0.05). WB-DWI images exhibited significantly lower SNR than PET-CT (<i>p</i> < 0.01), but the examination was shorter in duration and showed good inter-observer agreement (Kappa > 0.60, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>WB-DWI demonstrates comparable overall efficacy to PET-CT in esophageal cancer staging. Although its sensitivity and efficiency are slightly lower, its radiation-free nature and high specificity make it a viable supplement or alternative to PET-CT for specific patient populations. These findings provide evidence for precise clinical selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":21034,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148607079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual versus automated CT perfusion for outcome prediction in anterior circulation stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy.","authors":"Igor Rigler, Tina Gspan, Alja Longo, Janja Pretnar Oblak","doi":"10.2478/raon-2026-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2026-0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prognostic value of simple visual assessment of CT perfusion (CTP) for predicting clinical outcomes has already been demonstrated in stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Automated software, however, has become the dominant method of CTP evaluation. The aim of the study was to compare the prognostic accuracy of visually graded CTP maps with automated CTP analysis on clinical outcomes in anterior circulation stroke patients treated with MT.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>In the single centre we retrospectively analysed consecutive patients with anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion treated with MT. Baseline imaging included non-contrast brain CT, CT angiography (CTA) with collateral status (CS) and CTP. Time to peak (TTP) maps were visually graded on a four-level ordinal scale based on estimated penumbra. Automated CTP was processed with syngo.via (SYV) using default thresholds and classified on a comparable ordinal scale. The primary endpoint was favourable 90-day functional outcome (Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤ 3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 579 patients. Agreement between visual and automated CTP was fair (κ = 0.36). Both methods were significantly associated with favourable outcome (p < 0.01), with visual grading showing a slightly stronger association (Pearson χ² = 30 vs. 22). In multivariable models, visual CTP remained an independent predictor, whereas automated CTP lost significance when CS was included.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Visual CTP grading provided a slightly better prognostic performance than automated CTP. Visual CTP assessment is a simple, accessible and clinically meaningful tool for both treatment decision making and outcome prediction in anterior circulation stroke treated with MT.</p>","PeriodicalId":21034,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148607072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical thrombectomy in acute lower limb ischaemia: beyond clot removal in an interventional radiology-oriented narrative review.","authors":"Jernej Lucev, Ales Slanic, Vojko Flis, Silva Breznik","doi":"10.2478/raon-2026-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2026-0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute lower limb ischaemia (ALI) remains a time-critical vascular emergency associated with substantial risks of major amputation and early mortality. As contemporary interventional radiology increasingly incorporates aspiration, rotational, and pharmacomechanical thrombectomy, the key question is no longer whether mechanical thrombectomy (MT) can restore conduit flow, but how it should be positioned relative to catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT), surgery, and hybrid therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This interventional radiology-oriented narrative review synthesizes current evidence on clinical staging, treatment selection, device classes, culprit-lesion management, post-revascularization antithrombotic treatment, and distal perfusion reassessment in ALI. Current data support MT as an important option, but not as a proven replacement for CDT or surgery. The main practical message is that successful ALI treatment requires more than clot removal: it requires correct staging, treatment of the lesion behind the thrombus, an individualized medical plan after revascularization, and recognition that limb salvage ultimately depends on restored tissue perfusion rather than conduit patency alone. Distal perfusion reassessment after thrombectomy and computed tomography angiography (CTA)-based planning are discussed as structured descriptive frameworks for reporting and future study rather than as validated algorithms.</p>","PeriodicalId":21034,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148607042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic testing for cancer predisposition syndromes in pediatric cancer patients: current practices and recommendations - a systematic review.","authors":"Anja Urbas, Polona Usaj, Bostjan Seruga, Lorna Zadravec Zaletel, Mateja Krajc","doi":"10.2478/raon-2026-0031","DOIUrl":"10.2478/raon-2026-0031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood cancer is rare but remains a leading cause of disease-related mortality in children. Unlike adult malignancies, pediatric cancers often arise from inherited or de novo germline variants, with cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) identified in approximately 7-15% of cases. Recognition of CPS is clinically important, as it affects treatment decisions, surveillance strategies, and family counseling.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Because genetic testing practices for hereditary CPS in pediatric cancer patients vary internationally, we conducted a systematic literature review to summarize current clinical practices and the most recent guidelines for genetic testing in children with cancer. PubMed searches (1994-2025) identified 106 articles; after screening and exclusions, 15 studies were included (13 original studies, one meta-analysis, and one review).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Included studies reported cohort sizes ranging from 31 to 3,975 participants, mainly pediatric cancer patients. The number of analyzed genes varied widely (1-1,048). Testing approaches ranged from single-gene testing to multigene panel testing, with multi gene panel testing most commonly used. The prevalence of pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variants ranged from 2.99%to 47.5%, reflecting differences in cohort composition, gene panel size, and genetic testing methodology. Most guidelines recommend genetic testing based on clinical and biological selection criteria, while universal germline testing is generally not supported, except in Sweden, where whole genome sequencing is offered to all pediatric cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Phenotype-driven genetic testing currently provides the best resource-benefit balance, although ongoing technological advances may enable broader universal testing in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":21034,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is there a correlation between signal intensity ratio of 3T MRI and molecular subtypes of breast cancer?","authors":"Yuanping Tao, Hongyan Chao, Yue Ren, Wanjun Zheng, Yuyou Chen, Liang Du, Huanguo Li, Feng Cui","doi":"10.2478/raon-2026-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2026-0029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study aimed to test whether tumoral signal intensity ratio (SIR) and other indicators of 3T MRI provides information related to molecular subtypes of breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Between January 2022 and August 2025, 256 patients with breast cancer underwent 3T MRI. MRI morphological features and quantitative parameters (T1 SIR, T2 SIR, mean apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] from diffusion-weighted imaging [DWI] and tumor diameter) were compared and measured according to molecular subtypes. Logistic regression was performed to find the related MRI parameters and establish combined parameters. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was finally performed to test the diagnostic power of multivariate logistic regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>263 lesions were considered. Triple-negative (TN) subtype exhibited the highest T2 SIR and lowest T1 SIR (p < 0.05). Mean ADC values in TN were the lowest and highest in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched type (p < 0.001). Tumor diameter of HER2-enriched was the smallest, and that of triple-negative subtype was the largest (p < 0.001). Independent influencing factors were higher T2 SIR (p = 0.017) and larger tumor diameter (p = 0.011) associated with triple-negative subtype, and T1 SIR (p = < 0.01) was the only quantitative parameter associated with HER2-enriched subtype. The combined parameter (mean ADC + tumor diameter) achieved a largest area under the ROC curve (AUC = 0.781) for separating luminal A subtype.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Quantitative MRI parameters are correlated with the molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Combined parameters incorporating T1 SIR and T2 SIR exhibit potential diagnostic utility for differentiating HER2-enriched and triple-negative subtypes, respectively. T1 SIR and T2 SIR can enrich quantitative descriptors from breast MRI.</p>","PeriodicalId":21034,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148382718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic variability of immune checkpoints in asbestos-related diseases.","authors":"Irma Zeljkovic, Katja Goricar, Tanja Blagus, Alenka Franko, Viljem Kovac, Vita Dolzan","doi":"10.2478/raon-2026-0035","DOIUrl":"10.2478/raon-2026-0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asbestos exposure is associated with asbestos-related diseases such as pleural plaques, asbestosis, lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma (MM), as well as several other types of cancer. Although the exact mechanism underlying the development of asbestos-related diseases is not yet fully understood, the immune system may play an important role. Immune checkpoints such as programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) regulate immune responses and are crucial for maintaining immune tolerance, while defects in these mechanisms can lead to the development of cancer. The aim of present study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms in the immune checkpoint genes for PD-1 (<i>PDCD1</i>), PD-L1 (<i>CD274</i>), and CTLA-4 (<i>CTLA4</i>) with the risk of asbestos-related diseases.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective case-control study. The cases included individuals with asbestosis or pleural plaques and MM patients. The controls were asbestos-exposed subjects who did not develop asbestos-related diseases. All subjects were genotyped for <i>PDCD1</i> (rs2227982, rs222798, rs10204525), <i>CD274</i> (rs2297136, rs4143815, rs4742098) and <i>CTLA4</i> (rs5742909, rs4553808, rs231775) polymorphisms using competitive allele-specific PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study showed that the <i>CTLA4</i> rs4553808 polymorphism was associated with a decreased risk of asbestosrelated diseases (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.15-0.74, P = 0.007). Homozygous carriers of polymorphic rs4553808 G allele had a lower risk of developing pleural plaques as well as MM compared to the control group (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.11-0.68, P = 0.01, and OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.16 -0.93, P = 0.03, respectively). However, carriers of polymorphic <i>CTLA4</i> rs231775 GG genotype had a higher risk of developing MM compared to the group of subjects with pleural plaques (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.10-2.89, P = 0.02). The other investigated polymorphisms were not associated with any of the asbestos-related diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>CTLA4</i> polymorphisms may play a role in the susceptibility for asbestos-related diseases. Our results may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of asbestos-related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":21034,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Oncology","volume":"60 2","pages":"271-281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13307012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148339797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroporation as a strategy to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in neuroblastoma: an in vitro study.","authors":"Jonathan J Neville, Laura Privitera, Jingchen Sun, Renata Da Costa Magueta, Piotr Golda, Adam C Sedgwick, Paolo De Coppi, Ismael Diez Perez, Premal A Patel, John Anderson, Stefano Giuliani","doi":"10.2478/raon-2026-0028","DOIUrl":"10.2478/raon-2026-0028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reversible electroporation involves the use of pulsed electric fields to temporarily disrupt and permeabilise cell membranes. Electroporation combined with chemotherapy - electrochemotherapy (ECT) - increases tumour cell permeability to chemotherapeutic drugs and enhances their effect. We investigated the efficacy of electroporation and cisplatin as a treatment for neuroblastoma <i>in vitro</i>, and explored whether inhibition of DNA repair mechanisms with olaparib potentiates its effects.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Three immortalised neuroblastoma cell lines were exposed to eight 1 ms square wave pulses of 0-0.93 kV/cm electric fields in the presence of propidium iodide and reversible electroporation was identified by detecting live propidium iodide positive cells by flow cytometry. Intracellular cisplatin and olaparib levels after electroporation were investigated by measuring intracellular platinum via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and by quantifying a fluorescent olaparib with flow cytometry. Cells were exposed to electroporation in the presence of cisplatin and olaparib, and cell death was quantified by flow cytometry. Presence of DNA damage was evaluated by quantifying γ-H2AX immunofluorescence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reversible electroporation (0.74 kV/cm) increased intracellular cisplatin and olaparib levels. Electroporation with cisplatin (1-100 μM) significantly reduced cell viability compared to cisplatin treatment in all cell lines. The addition of olaparib (5 μM) modestly potentiated the effects of cisplatin and electroporation. DNA damage was significantly higher following treatment with a combination of electroporation, cisplatin and olaparib, compared to each treatment alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Electroporation with cisplatin appears effective against neuroblastoma <i>in vitro</i>. Further work will investigate the efficacy of electroporation with cisplatin using clinical ECT devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":21034,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Oncology","volume":"60 2","pages":"244-252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13307008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148339835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vactosertib enhances radiotherapy efficacy by modulating radiation-induced tumor microenvironment remodeling in breast cancer.","authors":"Jiyoung Park, Jiwon Choi, Yhun Yhong Sheen","doi":"10.2478/raon-2026-0034","DOIUrl":"10.2478/raon-2026-0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Radiotherapy (RT) is a standard treatment for breast cancer; however, it can induce unfavorable alterations in the tumor microenvironment (TME), including inflammatory responses, fibrosis, and immune dysregulation, which may compromise therapeutic efficacy and contribute to suboptimal treatment outcomes. This study aimed to investigate whether Vactosertib, a TGF-β receptor I inhibitor, could modulate RT-induced TME changes and improve treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A breast tumor-bearing mouse model was established and treated with RT alone or in combination with Vactosertib. Mice received fractionated irradiation (4 Gy/day for 3 days) and oral administration of Vactosertib (2.5 mg/kg for 2 weeks). Tumor progression, gene expression, cytokine profiles, immune cell infiltration, and fibrosis were analyzed using microarray analysis, quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, and histological assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RT alone reduced tumor volume but induced transcriptional and cytokine changes associated with inflammation and fibrosis within tumor tissues. In contrast, combination treatment with Vactosertib significantly enhanced tumor suppression compared with RT alone. This was accompanied by reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreased collagen deposition, and increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells, indicating a shift toward a more favorable anti-tumor immune microenvironment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that Vactosertib may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of RT by modulating radiation-induced inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the TME, supporting its potential as a rational combination strategy to improve RT outcomes in breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":21034,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Oncology","volume":"60 2","pages":"262-270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13307005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148339893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor ablation: emerging uses, challenges, and strategic implementation. A green paper by the Network of Expertise in Cancer (JANE-2), High Tech Medical Resources, network on Physical Methods of Tumor Ablation.","authors":"Julie Gehl, Philippe L Pereira, Colin P Cantwell, Frédéric Deschamps, Anja Kocijancic, Nina Schmidt, Rok Dezman, Greta Chlebopasevienė, Andrei Roman, Maja Cemazar, Gregor Sersa","doi":"10.2478/raon-2026-0030","DOIUrl":"10.2478/raon-2026-0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The field of oncology has witnessed remarkable progress with the integration of high-tech innovations in tumor ablation. Tumor ablation therapies, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), cryoablation (Cryo), irreversible electroporation (IRE), and electrochemotherapy (ECT) have evolved beyond conventional boundaries, offering patients less invasive, highly targeted therapeutic options. Since it works across cancer histologies, tumor ablation is being integrated into cancer care at several levels. Tumor ablation is even considered curative in selected patients with small primary or secondary tumors, e.g. in the liver. Furthermore, it is central in treatment of oligometastatic disease or oligoprogression. Finally, ablation is widely used for symptomatic relief when tumors lead to symptoms affecting quality of life. Knowledge about ablative therapies and their inclusion at multidisciplinary team decision making enables effective and more personalized treatment for patients. This review synthesizes emerging applications of these therapies, focusing on artificial intelligence-driven personalization, robotic-assisted precision, and hybrid models combining ablation with systemic treatments, immunotherapy or targeted drug delivery. It also discusses the infrastructural, educational, regulatory, and ethical challenges that influence the clinical adoption of such treatments. Finally, the review presents strategic recommendations for integrating advanced ablation therapies into healthcare systems while ensuring equity, patient trust, and global accessibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":21034,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Oncology","volume":"60 2","pages":"153-165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13307015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148339839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}