Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology最新文献

{"title":"Natural Source Zone Depletion (NSZD): From process understanding to effective implementation at LNAPL-impacted sites","authors":"Jonathan W. N. Smith, G. Davis, G. Devaull, S. Garg, C. Newell, M. Rivett","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2021-166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2021-166","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the proceedings of a Special Session on Natural Source Zone Depletion (NSZD) at the AquaConSoil conference, held virtually in June 2021. It spans research across Europe, the United States of America and Australia.NSZD has been described as the “combination of processes that reduce the mass of [light non-aqueous phase liquid] LNAPL in the subsurface”. LNAPL NSZD research and investigations have been focused on a range of hydrocarbon products, such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, as well as crude oil. Key NSZD processes include aerobic biodegradation, fermentation and methanogenesis of LNAPL constituents, dissolution of LNAPL constituents into groundwater and volatilization of LNAPL constituents into the unsaturated zone. In turn the generated methane, carbon dioxide and dissolved / volatilized constituents can be cycled and biodegraded in the unsaturated and saturated zones. Importantly these physical, chemical, and biological processes can act without human intervention to reduce the NAPL mass and toxicity. Over time NSZD can both reduce LNAPL mass, and change its chemical composition resulting in risk reduction, and ultimately source depletion.Methanogenesis of organic materials has long been recognised in municipal landfills and natural anoxic environments, such as peat and wetlands. Recognition of similar processes in LNAPL source zones in the past decade along with high rates of aerobic biodegradation observed in unsaturated zones above LNAPL-impacted areas, has significantly revised the conceptual model of LNAPL source zone behaviour and persistence. Several NSZD monitoring approaches have been developed and are being applied in field studies. While the quantitative NSZD rates derived can vary between techniques, they all demonstrate that NSZD LNAPL removal can exceed that delivered by engineered LNAPL recovery techniques, particularly for mature LNAPL bodies.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45673400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ thermal remediation application in South Africa: a case study incorporating sustainable remediation principles","authors":"Nadine Moller, J. Baldock, Steve McKeown, Marica Nel","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2021-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2021-118","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a case study of the first instance in South Africa where In-Situ Thermal Remediation (ISTR) was undertaken. The project, completed during 2020 and 2021, is located in Cape Town. The ‘Site’ is a former printing facility located in a multi-storey building adjacent to an upgradient service station. Petroleum hydrocarbon impacts, identified in subsurface soil and groundwater, originated from leaking underground fuel storage tanks at this service station.Following a sustainability-based options appraisal, ISTR with steam used as the heating source was selected as the most appropriate remedial technology. Based on Environmental Resources Management (ERM's) international and local expertise, this solution was implemented after due consideration of the site's geological characteristics, the properties of the contaminants of concern, and the client's goals of rapidly achieving a risk-based remediation solution.This solution was enhanced by the identification and incorporation, where feasible, of Sustainable Management Practices (SMPs) in the system design and operational phases. Particular focus was placed on resource consumption and the use of alternative power sources, such as reduction of water and energy and use of biofuel. Other SMPs incorporated into the systems operational phase included temperature tracking to optimise steam usage, which have been successfully applied by ERM at previously completed ISTR sites in other countries.Key lessons learnt from the ISTR application at this Site were that the energy source and use, combined with optimisation of water consumption, could be more widely applied to improve the sustainability of ISTR, not only in South Africa, but also other sites worldwide.Supplementary material: Sustainable remediation assessment is available at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5965339Thematic collection: This article is part of the Sustainability in Engineering Geology & Hydrogeology collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/sustainability-in-engineering-geology-and-hydrogeology","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43716024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discussion on ‘Strength and permeability properties of sodium silicate–glyoxal stabilized silt and fine sand’ by Mollamahmutoglu et al. 2022 (QJEGH, 55, qjegh2021-115)","authors":"J. N. Shirlaw","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2022-025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2022-025","url":null,"abstract":"The authors have provided the results of their laboratory study on the use of sodium silicate–glyoxal mix for the grouting of silt, silty sand and fine sand. The test arrangement involved injecting a 104mm long, laboratory prepared, sample within a mould consisting of a PPRC tube of 52mm internal diameter.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48484876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Behavior of Soils: Actual Objectives and Requirements","authors":"E. A. Voznesensky","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2021-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2021-125","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses several important and interesting issues of modern studies of soil behavior. After a series of milestones in the history of human geotechnical achievements and development of classical soil mechanics humanity nowadays is facing several challenges where other – mostly numerical – solutions are required. They are provided by various soil models. Some modern models are based on specific soil parameters, often not known in classical soil mechanics. Scientific understanding of their nature as well as new techniques and high-precision testing equipment for their experimental determination are necessary for the progress in such a research. Even water compressibility influences the accuracy of pore pressure measurements in advanced soil testing. The “front line” of modern studies in soil behavior is in nonlinear soil mechanics. Detailed consideration of the nature of this complex nonlinearity, especially in small-strain range, reveals its close relationship to microstructural and energy transformations of soils, development of instability state as a preparation to failure and finally, processes causing the observed effects are presented in the relationship with important threshold strain levels.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Leading to Innovative Engineering Geology Practices collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/Leading-to-Innovative-Engineering-Geology-Practices","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42766505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of the hydraulic properties of chalk using centrifuge permeameter The study of chalk hydraulic properties under accelerated gravitational force","authors":"Peshawa Al-Jaf, Martin P. Smith, Friederike Gunzel","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2021-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2021-159","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a geotechnical centrifuge has been used to study the unsaturated hydraulic properties of rock samples from the chalk aquifer, south east England. This method allows rapid measurement of hydraulic properties in a controlled environment, in contrast to previous studies on the chalk unsaturated zone which required either an extended period (years) of data monitoring in the field, or extended experimental periods (weeks) in the laboratory. Three types of specially built sensors were used to monitor water flow through chalk samples: a water pressure transducer to measure matric potential, frequency domain reflectometry probes to measure the volumetric water content, and pressure transducers to measure the volume of water passing through the sample. Chalk samples were tested during wetting and draining processes in order to understand any hysteresis occurring during periodic recharge of the aquifer. Before undertaking physical tests of chalk samples in the centrifuge, a theoretical model of chalk hydraulic behaviour under centrifugal force was developed. This model was used to define and justify the instrumentation plan of the physical model and predict the shape of the soil moisture characteristic (SMC) curve and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (Ku) function. The results were then evaluated and compared to the experimental results. These results show that chalk samples can be successfully tested under centrifuge conditions and hydraulic properties can be measured, including soil moisture characteristic curves and hydraulic conductivity.Supplementary material: Calculation spread sheets are available https://doi.org/10.17033/DATA.00000283","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48982239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial characterization of seabed environmental conditions and geotechnical properties for the development of marine renewable energy in Sweden","authors":"J. Nyberg, Lovisa Zillén-Snowball, E. Strömstedt","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2021-091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2021-091","url":null,"abstract":"Although knowledge on seabed properties is of high importance in selecting sites and determine technical designs and solutions for renewable energy offshore installations, it is often overlooked in marine spatial planning, due to absence of appropriate spatial analysis of these conditions. Identification and quantification of seabed conditions and geotechnical properties in finding safe and environmentally sustainable areas for installations of offshore renewable energy are therefore presented, using information produced in marine geological mapping. Six seabed environmental and thirteen geotechnical parameters, which can be extracted from existing marine geological information, of importance in analyzing environmental conditions and planning designs are identified and presented, in addition to the suitability of different installation techniques for different areas on the Swedish seabed. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is used to geo-spatially evaluate the different parameters in finding suitable locations and cable routes for a wave energy plant with gravity and/or suction caisson foundations. Presented categories and spans of the environmental and geotechnical values for the different parameters have the possibility to be improved as new data are produced from future mapping. The parameters identified and presented here have the high value of being incorporated into multi-parameter evaluations for optimal site selection of different offshore installations.Supplementary material: The open geological information is available at http://www.sgu.se","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44251950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting tunnel boring machine penetration rate utilizing geomechanical properties","authors":"Seyed Sajjad Karrari, M. Heidari, J. Hamidi, Mohammad Khaleghi-Esfahani, E. S. Teshnizi","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2021-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2021-126","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting the penetration rate plays a key role in tunnel projects using a tunnel-boring machine (TBM). Developing accurate prediction models can improve project management, save budget, and time in tunnel projects. In this research, the Gelas water project data was used to obtain new statistical models for predicting TBM penetration rate per revolution (PRev) utilizing the toughness index (Ti), modulus ratio (E/UCS), and joint parameters (JP). The relationship between various geomechanical properties and rock classification systems, including uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, Young's modulus, joint parameter, toughness index, rock quality designation, rock mass rating, geological strength index, rock mass quality, and rock mass index analyzed and considered on TBM performance in sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. The statistical analysis clearly shows that Ti revealed a significant correlation with actual PRev (R2=0.75). Additionally, the PRev was computed using Ti, and JP showed good agreement with the coefficient of determination (R2), i.e., 0.79. Results indicated that the Ti decreased by increasing the modulus ratio, so the PRev increased. This model can be used easily since it provides a straightforward predictive model using the multi-parameter model.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41916840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geological and Geotechnical Investigations for The Salang Highway Afghanistan","authors":"N. Woods, M. Karimi, Ibrahim Jafari, Richard Hinchliffe","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2021-189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2021-189","url":null,"abstract":"The present road over the Hindu Kush Mountain Range via the Salang Pass (termed the Salang Corridor), links the south of Afghanistan, including the capital of Kabul, with northern Afghanistan and Central Asia. It is the only route allowing year-round north-south passage of goods and people across the mountain range. However, the present road has suffered years of neglect and is now in a state of serious disrepair. In 2012, the United States Agency for International Development completed a study examining potential alternative routes. Three routes were selected for in-depth study and detailed engineering design. In mid-2017 SMEC International Pty. Limited were appointed to carry out a feasibility study to recommend the most suitable of the three route and to then carry out detailed design of the chosen route (The Project). This paper outlines the geological and geotechnical studies carried out during the Project with a focus on the investigations for the detailed design phase and presents the geotechnical design recommendations arising from those investigations. The paper also explains the difficulties involved in carrying out the investigations including security issues, harsh weather conditions, and maintaining effective communication amongst the project team both in Afghanistan and around the globe during the COVID19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46583364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction geological logging of the Thames Tideway Tunnel beneath central London: unearthing the ground truth","authors":"T. Newman","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2021-154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2021-154","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale underground structures excavated during construction of the Thames Tideway Tunnel have facilitated observations of the in-situ geology and revealed sedimentary characteristics that were not fully evident in disturbed samples from ground investigation boreholes or laboratory tests. These have led to significant improvements in understanding the groundmass behaviour of several strata within the London Basin geological sequence that are not easily studied by intrusive ground investigations, especially those involving sand channels and the ‘Pebble Bed’ within the Lambeth Group deposits. Further validation of the ground model and geology projected over the scheme during preconstruction design has been gained from logging the geology within deep shafts, open face connection tunnels and the main 8.8 m outer diameter tunnel from behind the tunnel boring machine cutterhead. It is recommended that an archive of field logs, as obtained during construction, be established to augment archives of borehole logs.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48058424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive view on the compilation of Engineering Geological Map of Carbonate Rocks: a case study in Central Alborz Zone, Iran","authors":"E. Sadeghi, M. Nikudel, M. Khamehchiyan, A. Kavussi","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2021-062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2021-062","url":null,"abstract":"The geological provinces of Iran can be divided into different zones based on different geological and structural units. Central Alborz Zone (CAZ) is one of the most important zone among them, which extended along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea from Sepidrud valley to Firoozkuh valley. The CAZ comprises a range of industries and a high concentration population, which has the importance to provide material resources and create the necessary infrastructure for this massive population. The materials produced in different industries have different characteristics and parameters. For this purpose, various studies should be carried out based on the type of materials and their application. The CAZ has a large variety in rock formations and facies, which facilitates extensive expansion in the production of rock materials and resources. One of the major materials in the CAZ is the existence of a wide variety of carbonate rocks such as limestone, dolomite, etc. Therefore, recognizing the geological and engineering geological characteristics of carbonate rocks is important for proper use in the direction of its intended use and therefore increases efficiency. The novelty of the present work is the extensive and comprehensive engineering geological study of a vast area (about 2900 km2) of an important geological zone of Iran, which has not been done yet. As already done by other researchers such as Rozos et al. 2004 (in Greece), Faccini et al., 2012 (in Italy), and Bednarik et al., 2014 (in Austria) as well as the presence of carbonate rocks in a certain range of characteristics anywhere, we found similar results in drawing engineering geological map by integrating geological, engineering geological, geomorphological, and joint study information of carbonate rocks. Results showed that in physical tests all formations classified as moderate to very high density (2450-2830 kg/m3), and very low (0.98%) to medium (8.06%) porosity. Also, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) results showed that all formations fall within the Moderate strength (20-60 MPa) to High strength (60-200 MPa) based on the ISRM (1981), and very high strength (3-10 MPa) for Point Load Index (PLI) based on the Broch and franklin (1972) classification. According to these works an engineering geological map for carbonate formations of the CAZ is presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":20937,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47508047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}