Quaternary Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Detailed Asian summer monsoon changes during the Mid Holocene and their teleconnections with the northern high latitudes","authors":"Bin Zhao ,&nbsp;Yingfang Cui ,&nbsp;Kan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yongjin Wang ,&nbsp;Hai Cheng ,&nbsp;R. Lawrence Edwards ,&nbsp;Yijia Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Mid Holocene is a period of warm and optimum climate; however, some geological records reveal a climatic instability during this time interval. In East Asia, the detailed characteristics of monsoonal climate change and associated mechanisms remain debated in the Mid Holocene. Here we reconstruct a high-resolution Asian summer monsoon record based on six ²³⁰Th/U dates and 255 stable isotope measurements (δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C) from a stalagmite in Tiechang Cave, Guizhou Province, China, spanning from ∼6.7 to 5.6 ka BP. Both stalagmite TC5 δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C records detect a monsoon weakening event at around 6.5 ka BP, which is supported by speleothem records in the Asian monsoon domain, indicating its regional significance. This 6.5 ka weak monsoon event corresponds to prominent sea ice expansion and surface cooling in the Barents Sea. The expansion of sea ice coverage inhibited the formation of the North Atlantic Deep Water, weakened the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), and induced widespread hemispheric cooling through the AMOC, which led to the Asian summer monsoon weakening. This weak monsoon interval around 6.5 ka BP is also coherent with a relatively high frequency in the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability, supporting the ENSO-monsoon relationship observed during the Late Holocene. In addition, spectral analyses reveal a significant periodicity of ∼60–80 years in TC5 δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C records, which may reflect the primary modulation of the Asian monsoon by the Atlantic multidecadal variability and the secondary influence of the solar activity (the Gleissberg cycle). Our TC5 δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C records suggest that a series of multidecadal oscillations, as well as a weak monsoon event, existed in the Asian monsoon region during the relatively warm and optimum Mid Holocene, and are likely associated with climate changes in the North Atlantic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 109629"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the preservation of fault scarps in the Atacama Fault System, northern Chile: Insights from cosmogenic nuclides and topographic analysis","authors":"P. Rivera ,&nbsp;G. González ,&nbsp;S.A. Binnie","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fault scarps are commonly used as temporary markers in palaeoseismological analysis, with their preservation controlled by the balance between slip and erosion rates. The northern Chile forearc, located in the core of the Atacama Desert, represents one of the driest settings on Earth, where mean annual rainfall is near zero and erosion rates are exceptionally low. Here, we investigate an anomalous case in the Atacama Fault System (AFS), northern Chile, where free faces have persisted for tens of thousands of years. To examine this balance, we focus on three branches of the AFS (Naguayán, Cerro Fortuna, and Salar del Carmen Faults), combining geomorphological mapping, ¹⁰Be-derived erosion rates, and sedimentological evidence. Our results indicate that the free faces have remained preserved for more than 14 ka despite a slow fault slip rate of ∼0.07 mm yr⁻¹ and have retreated at an average rate of only ∼0.03 m ka⁻¹. Scarp degradation is predominantly controlled by slow, diffusive processes, with the diffusion coefficient for the Salar del Carmen fault scarp calculated as k = 0.063 ± 0.018 m² ka⁻¹. Localized channel incision across fault scarps has been triggered by sporadic high-intensity rainfall events, as evidenced by low catchment-mean erosion rates (∼0.5–2.9 m Ma⁻¹) estimated from ¹⁰Be concentrations. The remarkable preservation of free faces is attributed to two main factors: extensive gypsic soil development and the prevalence of long-term hyperaridity. Minimal but significant moisture input from coastal fog promotes gypsic soil formation, enhancing moisture retention and driving gypsum cementation that stabilizes alluvial surfaces and prevents free face collapse. Sporadic rain events retain erosion rates in active catchments that are lower than the fault slip rate, allowing for scarp preservation. We propose a conceptual model in which the combined effects of (i) a hyperarid climate, (ii) sporadic but geomorphically effective hydrologic events, (iii) low tectonic slip rates, and (iv) salt-induced cementation act together to inhibit scarp degradation. These findings challenge conventional degradation and underscore the importance of evaluating surface processes in palaeoseismological interpretations, improving our understanding of fault activity, landscape evolution, and seismic hazard in hyperarid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 109627"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying uncertainty in stratigraphic alignment of geological signals using probabilistic dynamic time warping","authors":"Aske L. Sørensen ,&nbsp;Thomas M. Hansen ,&nbsp;Frederik A. Falk ,&nbsp;Jesper Olsen ,&nbsp;Mads F. Knudsen","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aligning stratigraphic records is essential for constructing unified and coherent chronological frameworks for Earth's history and advancing our understanding of past environments and geological processes. However, the alignment process is often complicated by noise, hiatuses, and local accumulation dynamics, which introduce significant uncertainty. To address these challenges, we present the Probabilistic Dynamic Time Warping (P-DTW) algorithm, designed to align noisy stratigraphic signals, identify multiple plausible alignment scenarios, and quantify the associated uncertainty. The algorithm incorporates three transition probability factors, which are used to stochastically sample the alignment paths through the DTW cost matrix. The P-DTW algorithm is primarily aimed at aligning stratigraphic signals where peak-to-peak correlations are ambiguous.</div><div>Through synthetic test cases, we demonstrate the ability of the P-DTW algorithm to capture a range of plausible alignments, while quantifying the associated uncertainty. This stands in contrast to the traditional deterministic DTW algorithm, which provides a single solution that may overlook geologically plausible alternatives. Furthermore, we show the P-DTW algorithm's capacity to align signals with different amplitudes over the same intervals, and how to incorporate tie points derived from independent constraints.</div><div>When applied to real-world δ¹⁸O data from sediment cores GeoB7920-2 and MD95-2042, the P-DTW algorithm generates an alignment model consistent with established alignments while quantifying the associated uncertainties. Additionally, we demonstrate the algorithm's ability to align the magnetic susceptibility signal from the ENAM93-21 core in the North Atlantic with the δ¹⁸O record from the NorthGRIP ice core, resulting in an age-depth model that aligns with independent constraints. Finally, we showcase the algorithm's capacity to integrate chronological information across sites within a probabilistic inverse modeling framework, hereby facilitating the construction of a coherent multi-site age-depth model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 109632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedimentary Mo isotope variability reflects climate-driven water column oxygenation changes in ferruginous Lake Towuti, Indonesia over the last ∼30 ka BP","authors":"Adrianus Damanik ,&nbsp;Martin Wille ,&nbsp;Qasid Ahmad ,&nbsp;Sean A. Crowe ,&nbsp;Kohen W. Bauer ,&nbsp;Martin Grosjean ,&nbsp;Sri Yudawati Cahyarini ,&nbsp;Satria Bijaksana ,&nbsp;James M. Russell ,&nbsp;Hendrik Vogel","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109607","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Previous studies have shown the utility of Molybdenum (Mo) concentrations and isotopic compositions as sensitive recorders for changes in redox conditions in marine environments. Compared to marine settings, the much lower dissolved Mo concentrations in freshwater settings could result in enhanced sensitivity of Mo isotopic composition to the temporal variability in redox conditions. Additionally, unlike the dissolved Mo isotopic compositions in open marine environments, freshwater settings are highly influenced by site-specific factors such as catchment characteristics and in-lake processes. Here, we present sedimentary Mo concentration ([Mo]) and isotope (δ&lt;sup&gt;98&lt;/sup&gt;Mo) data from presently stratified Lake Towuti (Indonesia) to provide insight into Mo behaviour in ferruginous (Fe-rich) and non-sulfidic freshwater settings. We find large variations in [Mo] (0.12–1.11 μg⋅g&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) and δ&lt;sup&gt;98&lt;/sup&gt;Mo (−0.14 ‰ to −1.13 ‰) in lake surface sediments, which are distinct from previously reported variations found in weathering profiles of the ultramafic catchment. The [Mo] variation can partly be attributed to hydrodynamic sorting, with Mo enrichment at pelagic deep water sites distant from the major lake inflows. Sedimentary δ&lt;sup&gt;98&lt;/sup&gt;Mo shows a distinct pattern, with generally higher values in sediments deposited in deep anoxic water compared to lower δ&lt;sup&gt;98&lt;/sup&gt;Mo values in sediments deposited in shallow water sites above the oxycline. We attribute this δ&lt;sup&gt;98&lt;/sup&gt;Mo pattern in Lake Towuti predominantly to redox-controlled processes. These involve the reductive dissolution of suspended laterite-sourced Fe oxides, with Mo liberation under anoxic conditions shortly below the sediment-water interface and/or water column oxycline. Above the oxycline, the formation of amorphous Fe oxides promotes the preferential adsorption of isotopically light Mo. This partial scavenging of isotopically light Mo leads to the formation of isotopically heavier dissolved Mo reservoirs. The scavenging of isotopically heavy dissolved Mo by organic matter (OM) coupled with higher OM burial rates in anoxic sediments promotes higher sedimentary δ&lt;sup&gt;98&lt;/sup&gt;Mo ratios in sediment deposited below the oxycline, where OM is better preserved and amorphous Fe oxides are preferentially dissolved. When applying this framework of modern lake processes to a sediment piston core extending back ∼30 ka, we find δ&lt;sup&gt;98&lt;/sup&gt;Mo variations that are similar to those observed in modern surface sediments, both above and below the oxycline. Low δ&lt;sup&gt;98&lt;/sup&gt;Mo values in sediments deposited between ∼30 and ∼14 cal ka BP suggest deep oxygenation of the water column to the sediment-water interface. In contrast, Mo isotope signatures between ∼14 cal ka BP and the present are similar to those of present-day deep water anoxic sites, suggesting water column stratification throughout the Holocene. The water column oxygenation pattern inferred from δ&lt;sup&gt;98&lt;/sup&gt;Mo aligns ","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 109607"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Matuyama–Brunhes reversal in the loess-paleosol sequence of the Otkaznoe section (Terek–Kuma Lowland, Eastern Ciscaucasia)","authors":"Varvara I. Dudanova ,&nbsp;Evgeny A. Konstantinov ,&nbsp;Nikita V. Sychev ,&nbsp;Aleksandr M. Pasenko ,&nbsp;Pavel G. Panin ,&nbsp;Roman V. Veselovskiy","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Detailed chronostratigraphy of loess-paleosol sequences (LPSs), based on a multi proxy approach and global correlation with sedimentary records, is essential for Quaternary environmental reconstructions. On the East European Plain, the Eastern Ciscaucasian LPSs are among the longest and the most continuously deposited in Europe. These sequences are comparable to the loess of China and Tajikistan in terms of their stratigraphic completeness and thickness (over 100 m), which allows development of high-resolution records. There, we introduce, for the first time, a comprehensive set of high-resolution data, including paleomagnetic, rock magnetic, grain size, and loss on ignition records, alongside X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses, for the Matuyama-Brunhes (M/B) transition in the Otkaznoe section (Terek-Kuma Lowland), Eastern Ciscaucasia. The M/B transition in the Otkaznoe LPS encompasses a ∼1.7 m thick zone, and includes the M/B precursor and the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary (MBB). The precursor to the M/B reversal is recorded in the loess, which correlates with marine isotope stage (MIS) 20, and is characterized by virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) latitudes of approximately 0°. The MBB in the Otkaznoe section is located in the lower part of the MIS 19 paleosol, rather than in the MIS 20 loess, as was previously assumed. We propose that the M/B precursor in the Otkaznoe section can serve as a reliable chronostratigraphic marker for regional and global correlations, comparable to the M/B boundary. The impact of lock-in processes on the paleomagnetic record of the Otkaznoe section is insignificant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 109628"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monsoonal and westerly influences on interglacial calcite deposition and environmental conditions in southern Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Haibo Wang ,&nbsp;Carlos Pérez-Mejías ,&nbsp;Xianyan Wang ,&nbsp;Tingyong Li ,&nbsp;Can Yang ,&nbsp;Hanying Li ,&nbsp;Shihao Lei ,&nbsp;Youfeng Ning ,&nbsp;R. Lawrence Edwards ,&nbsp;Hai Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two atmospheric circulation systems, the mid-latitude Westerlies and the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), are key drivers of hydroclimate variability in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, the variability of the Westerlies and the ISM in the TP and their relationship remain unclear. Here, we present a new, precisely dated speleothem record from Pumu Cave in the southern TP, spanning the past 339,000 years. The Pumu δ¹⁸O record closely tracks Northern Hemisphere summer insolation (NHSI) and aligns with speleothem δ¹⁸O records from both the ISM and East Asian Summer Monsoon regimes. In comparison to previous studies, the Pumu δ¹⁸O record is primarily interpreted as a proxy indicating the ISM intensity. Furthermore, the orbital-scale variability in Pumu δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C, and trace element records reveals that the ISM intensity governs effective rainfall in the southern TP. Additionally, the Pumu speleothem growth occurred exclusively during warm, wet interglacial periods, while hiatuses persisted throughout cold, dry glacial periods. This pattern mirrors findings from Tianmen Cave, reinforcing the hypothesis that interglacial temperatures are a prerequisite for speleothem formation in the TP, with strong ISM precipitation, low ice volume and high CO₂ levels providing sufficient conditions. Besides, differences in growth periods and δ¹⁸O amplitudes are also observed between Pumu and Tianmen speleothems, which likely suggest variations in their moisture sources and duration of seasonal ground thaw in different parts of the TP. While the Westerlies-related moisture does not appear to change orbital phases of the δ¹⁸O variability in the TP, which follows the NHSI dominantly, it modulates the amplitude of δ¹⁸O fluctuations. Finally, the different roles of the ISM and Westerlies suggest that while the ISM controls the hydroclimate dynamic variability, environmental conditions in the southern TP appear to be also influenced by global ice volume and CO₂ levels, highlighting the complex interplay among these climatic forcings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 109625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithostratigraphy, Geochronology and Early Humans: The evolution of Quaternary volcanic successions and their impact on archaeological sites in the north-western edge of the Ararat Depression, Armenia","authors":"H. Gevorgyan ,&nbsp;T. Karampaglidis ,&nbsp;S. Nomade ,&nbsp;K. Fenn ,&nbsp;A. Petrosyan ,&nbsp;B. Gasparyan ,&nbsp;I.A.K. Oikonomou ,&nbsp;A. Malinsky-Buller","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the geological context of Dalarik-1 Cave, located in the Mastarahegheghat River Gorge within the Aragats Volcanic Province (AVP) in Armenia. By integrating lithostratigraphy, geochronology, and geomorphology, we examine the processes that shaped the cave and its associated terrace sequence, establishing chronological constraints on the cave's bedrock and its development within the broader fluvial landscape. Volcanic rocks in the studied area exhibit geochemical evidence suggesting a subduction-modified mantle source, potentially influenced by slab-derived fluids or melts. Geochronological data from ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating indicate that volcanic activity in the study area occurred between approximately 900 and 660 ka, encompassing the first and second AVP eruption stages. The formation of the cave is linked to river incision that followed the deposition of the youngest volcanic unit of the local plateau, dated to 656.6 ± 40.0 ka. This incision is associated with the development of four fluvial terraces (T1 to T4), with the lower terraces (T3 and T4) dated between ∼35 and 9 ka, reflecting intervals of climatic variability and/or tectonic activity. The cave is interpreted to have formed during a relatively stable phase of river activity, coinciding with the formation of the T2 terrace. It developed through both chemical and mechanical erosion within the volcanic bedrock. Based on these relationships, the formation of the cave likely occurred after the incision of the gorge (post-656.6 ± 40.0 ka) and prior to the deposition of the T3 terrace, dated by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to 32.5 ± 2.3 ka. The cave site of Dalarik-1 contains Lower Paleolithic artifacts indicating human occupation after the cave's formation and provides rare insights into early human activities in the region. The study of the regional landscape evolution and the interplay between volcanic, fluvial, and climatic processes contributes to the broader understanding of the cave formation mechanisms in volcanic landscapes, offering valuable insights for future studies of Paleolithic sites in the Armenian Highlands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 109623"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking millennial-scale climate variability during the last glacial period using aquatic productivity indicators from Lake Suigetsu, Japan","authors":"Vanessa Nowinski ,&nbsp;Alexander Francke ,&nbsp;John Tibby ,&nbsp;Takeshi Nakagawa ,&nbsp;Tony Hall ,&nbsp;Ikuko Kitaba ,&nbsp;Jonathan Tyler ,&nbsp;Suigetsu 2012 project members","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The East Asian monsoon, critical to nearly half the global population, faces an uncertain future amid rapid climate change. Palaeoclimate records reveal complex and shifting influences over East Asia that have varied across space and time during past episodes of abrupt climate change.</div><div>Untangling teleconnections that affect East Asian climate requires replicable, high resolution and precisely dated records, yet these are sparsely distributed worldwide. The varved sediments of Lake Suigetsu, Japan, are one such archive, offering significant potential to investigate millennial-scale variability in the East Asian monsoon. Here, we infer lake primary productivity as a tracer of regional climate during the last glacial period from 55 to 20 cal ka BP using sedimentary total organic carbon, biogenic silica and siderite, measured using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. Lake productivity exhibits distinct millennial-scale events that align with palaeoclimate inferred from other lakes and speleothems in central Japan which, in turn, indicate a coherent picture of regional-scale hydroclimate variability. The Lake Suigetsu data varies with respect to synchronicity to Greenland ice core records, challenging the assumed spatial and temporal dominance of the North Atlantic and westerly winds on the East Asian monsoon, and supporting an alternative hypothesis of periodic dominance from the Southern Hemisphere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 109624"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of new global lake brGDGT-temperature calibrations: advances, applications, challenges, and recommendations","authors":"Emma J. Pearson ,&nbsp;Steve Juggins ,&nbsp;Harry Allbrook ,&nbsp;Louise C. Foster ,&nbsp;Dominic A. Hodgson ,&nbsp;B. David A. Naafs ,&nbsp;Tony Phillips ,&nbsp;Stephen J. Roberts","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are a group of temperature-sensitive membrane lipids found in bacteria that have been widely used in palaeo-temperature reconstruction. Despite recent advances in analytical methods, calibration datasets and statistical modelling approaches, one of the current challenges in Quaternary science remains in determining the most appropriate calibration model for reconstructing past changes in climate. We address this challenge by expanding existing calibration datasets, and by evaluating calibration models constructed using a range of statistical modelling approaches. We further evaluate model performance by applying the calibrations to published downcore records from contrasting environments and across different Quaternary timescales.</div><div>Our study expands existing calibrations and includes new data from Antarctic lakes, providing greater confidence and applicability across a wider range of global environments. Results show robust brGDGT-temperature relationships on a global scale within the temperature range of approximately −2 °C to +31 °C covered in this study, with the random forest (RF) models performing the best (highest R²_cv and lowest RMSEP) to estimate mean temperature of Months Above Freezing (MAF) and Mean Summer (air) Temperature (MST). Examination of uncertainties suggests the best models are accurately modelling all the features of the brGDGT-temperature relationships.</div><div>To evaluate model performance downcore we apply and recommend a suite of exploratory statistical analyses to help identify core-samples that have unusual, no-analogue compositions, and use measures of correlation and concordance to summarise the similarity in trends and absolute values among reconstructions as a tool to suggest which reconstructions may be more reliable and where to use caution. Our results demonstrate that, although cross-validated calibration R²_cv and RMSEP may indicate good model performance for the calibration data, a thorough assessment is required to assess reconstruction reliability when a model is applied downcore at a specific site. Our findings highlight the complexities and caveats of different methods for global temperature calibrations. The implications of our work are also relevant to other calibration studies in Quaternary science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 109615"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quaternary Glaciation in the Mountains of Crete, Greece","authors":"Aris D. Leontaritis ,&nbsp;Daniel Moraetis ,&nbsp;Kosmas Pavlopoulos ,&nbsp;Philip D. Hughes ,&nbsp;Charalampos Fassoulas","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reviews the Quaternary glacial record of the mountains of Crete, aiming to resolve existing uncertainties and evaluate its regional paleoclimatic implications. We present the results of extensive fieldwork conducted in the Ida (2456 m a.s.l.) and Lefka Ori massifs (2453m a.s.l.), alongside a critical review of related geomorphological and sedimentary studies. Evidence suggests a strong dependence on local topoclimatic factors, reflecting marginal conditions for glaciation, with reconstructed regional Equilibrium Line Altitudes ranging from approximately 2070 to 2100 m a.s.l. On Mt. Ida, we mapped a glacial sequence within a typical cirque–moraine system. Three distinct glacial phases were identified and tentatively correlated with the Middle Pleistocene (Marine Isotope Stages [MIS] 12 and 6) and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, MIS2) upon correlations with the glacial chronostratigraphy in mainland Greece. At a broader paleoclimatic scale, absolute dating of the stratigraphically youngest glacial phase on Mt. Ida would strengthen the hypothesis of wetter climatic conditions in southern Greece and western Turkey during the LGM, potentially driven by paleoatmospheric circulation patterns that supplied moisture along a more southwest-northeast trajectory than at present. Notably, prominent glacial features are absent from the Lefka Ori massif, despite being both larger and currently wetter than Mt. Ida. Preliminary geomorphological analysis suggests that this contrast is primarily due to the lack of topographic configurations conducive to ice accumulation in the highlands of Lefka Ori. Tectonic factors also appear to have played a key role. Variations in tectonic uplift timing and rates suggest that Lefka Ori accumulated more uplift during the Late Quaternary, while Mt. Ida experienced greater uplift prior to the Middle Pleistocene, likely influencing paleo-elevations during glacial periods. Given the marginal conditions for glaciation and high ELAs, these three factors—topography, atmospheric circulation, and tectonic history—likely played critical roles in glacier formation on Crete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 109598"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}