Hitotsubashi journal of law and politics最新文献_第5页

EFFECTIVE ENFORCEMENT FOR INVESTOR PROTECTION: INJUNCTION UNDER THE JAPANESE AND THE U.S. SECURITIES REGULATIONS 投资者保护的有效执行:日本和美国证券法规下的禁令

Hitotsubashi journal of law and politics Pub Date : 2012-02-01 DOI: 10.15057/22216

H. Ogawa

引用次数: 1

DEALING EFFICIENTLY WITH DISPUTES IN INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS: AVOIDING AND SETTLING DISPUTES OUT OF COURT 有效处理国际商业交易中的纠纷:避免和解决庭外纠纷

Hitotsubashi journal of law and politics Pub Date : 2012-02-01 DOI: 10.15057/22215

F. Diedrich

引用次数: 0

Die Rekrutierung der Militärischen Elite über Soziale Netzwerke : das Preussische Offizierkorps (1713-1786) 通过社交网络招募军事精英:普鲁士军官军团(1713—1786)

Hitotsubashi journal of law and politics Pub Date : 2011-02-01 DOI: 10.15057/19008

C. Winkel

{"title":"Die Rekrutierung der Militärischen Elite über Soziale Netzwerke : das Preussische Offizierkorps (1713-1786)","authors":"C. Winkel","doi":"10.15057/19008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/19008","url":null,"abstract":"Dieses Zitat Friedrichs II. aus seinem politischen Testament von 1752 hat die Forschung zu den Beziehungen zwischen dem König und seinen Offizieren lange Zeit entscheidend beeinflusst. Denn der markige Ausspruch des preußischen Königs fügte sich nahtlos in das Bild vom absolutistischen Herrscher, der seinen Adel domestizierte und monarchisierte, indem er ihn in seinem Heer dienen ließ. Das Unterstellungsund Abhängigkeitsverhältnis des Adels sah die ältere Militärgeschichtsforschung in nahezu idealer Weise im Offizierkorps verkörpert. Auch deshalb gehörte die Untersuchung des Offizierkorps zweifellos zu den traditionellen Gegenständen der Militärgeschichte. Fasst man die zentralen Ergebnisse der älteren Forschung für das preußische Beispiel zusammen, ergibt sich folgendes Bild: der einheimische Adel konnte erfolgreich ̶ wenn auch unter anfänglichen Schwierigkeiten ̶ in die Armee eingebunden werden. Dem König gelang dies über eine starke Privilegierung des Adels, mit deren Hilfe er sich ein loyales und treues Offizierkorps schuf. Dabei wurden die Offiziere bisher nur aus der Sicht des Königs untersucht. Die Vorstellung vom König als zentrale Instanz, dem die alleinige Entscheidungsgewalt über die Karrierewege der Offiziere oblag, herrscht in der Forschung weiterhin vor. Schließlich lag die Ernennung vom jüngsten Fähnrich bis zum Generalfeldmarschall faktisch in den Händen des Monarchen. Noch im 17. Jahrhundert aber hatten die Regimentsinhaber allein über die Zusammensetzung ihrer Einheiten bestimmt. Alles in allem ergab sich in der Historiographie also ein festgefügtes Bild vom König und seinen Offizieren. Der rhetorische Stempel vom „monarchisierten Offizierkorps“ beschreibt nur den Endpunkt einer Entwicklung. Wie und ob diese so oft gepriesene Monarchisierung, also die enge Bindung zwischen Monarch und militärischer Elite, gelang, bleibt von der Forschung weiter unbeantwortet. Dabei drängt sich angesichts der quantitativen Entwicklung des Offizierkorps Hitotsubashi Journal of Law and Politics 39 (2011), pp.43-53. C Hitotsubashi University","PeriodicalId":208983,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of law and politics","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124053450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Has the EU Become Uncontrollably Divergent? : Analysis of EU Governance, from the Treaty of Rome to the Treaty of Lisbon 欧盟的分歧是否变得无法控制?:欧盟治理分析，从《罗马条约》到《里斯本条约》

Hitotsubashi journal of law and politics Pub Date : 2011-02-01 DOI: 10.15057/19006

Jun Inoue

{"title":"Has the EU Become Uncontrollably Divergent? : Analysis of EU Governance, from the Treaty of Rome to the Treaty of Lisbon","authors":"Jun Inoue","doi":"10.15057/19006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/19006","url":null,"abstract":"Political will has been essential to European Union (EU) projects; economic integration projects are no exception. The experiences of the European Coal and Steel Community, the Customs Union, the Common Market, and the Economic and Monetary Union indicate that European economic integration projects have also been driven by political will. Thus, in facing economic difficulties such as economic underdevelopment, lowered competitiveness, and financial and fiscal turmoil, it is fairly persuasive to say that Europe needs political leadership (i. e., firm will on the part of politicians) to achieve further cooperation and overcome these economic difficulties. However, the author believes that such arguments have recently come to have more significance than ever, since the vectors and extent of divergence in the EU are approaching a “danger zone”in other words, the EU has both prepared a variety of modes of governance on a variety of issues and come to emphasize input legitimacy (democracy), both at the expense of its uniformity. The main purpose of this paper is to show that the EU has tended to be too divergent, by outlining changes in governance within the EU. This paper especially focuses on the fundamental treaties of the EU: the Treaty of Rome, the Maastricht Treaty (Treaty of the European Union), the Treaty of Amsterdam, and the Treaty of Lisbon. It assesses the features of governance provided in these treaties, in light of (1) asymmetrical economic fundamentals and performance among member states, (2) the number of differentiation measures, (3) the public nature of EC/EU policies, and (4) the extent of concerns for democracy within the EU. Analysis of these fundamental treaties shows us that, recently, the EU has tended to be too divergent to make it controllable solely through political will.","PeriodicalId":208983,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of law and politics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122174535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kelsen's Peace through Law and its Reception by his Contemporaries 凯尔森通过法律实现和平及其同时代人的接受

Hitotsubashi journal of law and politics Pub Date : 2011-02-01 DOI: 10.15057/19009

Judith Von Schmadel

引用次数: 3

Zwischen Katheder und Rechtspraxis. Arthur Nussbaum (1877-1964) und seine Rechtstatsachenforschung 圣坛与法律实践之间Arthur Nussbaum(1877 ~ 1964年)及其法律方面的研究

Hitotsubashi journal of law and politics Pub Date : 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.15057/18508

Jiro Rei Yashiki

引用次数: 0

Internationally Shared Goals and National Governments : A Case Study of France and Financing for Development 国际共同目标与国家政府:以法国与发展筹资为例

Hitotsubashi journal of law and politics Pub Date : 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.15057/18507

Jun Inoue

{"title":"Internationally Shared Goals and National Governments : A Case Study of France and Financing for Development","authors":"Jun Inoue","doi":"10.15057/18507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/18507","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on Franceʼs response to internationally shared ODA/GNI targets in the field of development cooperation. At the Monterrey Conference in 2002, the international community declared that they would increase the ratio of ODA/GNI to 0. 7% by 2015. Although France undertook an individual target to achieve 0. 7% in 2012, she decreased her ODA and postponed her deadline. Facing the global financial crisis, international society reaffirmed its commitment to increase ODA at the 2008 Doha Conference. The DAC peer review called on France for national improvements in development cooperation, including ODA. The European Union also urged member states to increase ODA in order to achieve the agreed-upon ODA/GNI target and argued that the current economic crisis could not stand as an excuse for decreasing aid. These pressures did not succeed in forcing France to increase her ODA. Budgetary-planning processes and the attitudes of both the President and the ministry revealed that France seemed to give up increasing ODA, while she seemed to adhere to spread the concept of Global Public Goods and new financing measures. International pressures were ineffective in changing the course of Franceʼs national strategies/plans.","PeriodicalId":208983,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of law and politics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124537634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Umweltgrundrechte, Umweltstaatszielbestimmungen Sowie Umweltgrundpflichten im Gefüge der Europäischen Verfassungen : Vergleichende Überlegungen mit Blick auf das Japanische Verfassungsrecht 环境基本权利、国家对环境的承诺和欧洲宪法，相当认同日本的宪法

Hitotsubashi journal of law and politics Pub Date : 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.15057/18509

Joachim Sanden

引用次数: 0

Legal Education in Austria and Germany and the Importance of the Study of Legal History 奥地利和德国的法律教育及法律史研究的重要性

Hitotsubashi journal of law and politics Pub Date : 2009-02-01 DOI: 10.15057/17320

Judith Von Schmadel

引用次数: 0

Consumer Protection in Japanese Contract Law 日本合同法中的消费者保护

Hitotsubashi journal of law and politics Pub Date : 2009-02-01 DOI: 10.15057/17323

M. Takizawa

{"title":"Consumer Protection in Japanese Contract Law","authors":"M. Takizawa","doi":"10.15057/17323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15057/17323","url":null,"abstract":"This short report presents a survey of consumer protection under Japanese contract law. In Japan, the Consumer Contract Act was enacted in 2000, but even before this, some acts provided special remedies for consumers. Therefore, it is appropriate to divide this report into two parts, namely, before and after the Consumer Contract Act. Before discussing Japanese contract law, Iʼd like to confirm the nature of the problem ̶ the necessity for consumer protection under contract law. In Japan, although I believe the situation is almost the same in Australia, between consumers and businesses, there are considerable gaps in the quality and quantity of information and in the negotiating power (Consumer Contract Act Article 1 points out this situation). Regarding the latter point (the gap in negotiating power), we must not forget the fact that most contracts between consumers and businesses are made by means of standard contracts, for which two problems can be identified. First, many consumers fail to read the contract before agreeing to it, and even if they do read it, it can be too complicated for the consumer to understand, as is the case with insurance policies. Second, the standards are prepared by the businesses before the negotiation begins, and it is practically impossible for the consumers to ask for an amendment of the terms, which means that those terms are not negotiated. For these reasons, there can be unfair terms in contracts between consumers and businesses, hence the need for special protection for consumers.","PeriodicalId":208983,"journal":{"name":"Hitotsubashi journal of law and politics","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124610050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3