Reaktor Pub Date : 2021-12-03 DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.21.3.124-132

A. Prasetyaningrum, Sadam Arrois, Fitri Lafifa, Aat Zaki Mubarok, Fadlillah Fani, N. Handayani, R. Ratnawati, B. Jos

{"title":"Encapsulation of Lemongrass Extract (Cymbopogon citratus) Coated Alginate/Chitosan Using Gelation Method","authors":"A. Prasetyaningrum, Sadam Arrois, Fitri Lafifa, Aat Zaki Mubarok, Fadlillah Fani, N. Handayani, R. Ratnawati, B. Jos","doi":"10.14710/reaktor.21.3.124-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.21.3.124-132","url":null,"abstract":"Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a medicinal plant with various biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. This study aimed to encapsulate lemongrass bioactive in alginate/chitosan complex by enhancing the properties of CaCl2 crosslinked incorporated with tween 80 by ionic gelation method. The hydrogel was prepared by mixing alginate solution (2% w/v) and chitosan solution (1% w/v) with a ratio (1:1 v/v). Tween 80 (2% v/v) was added as a dissolution enhancer and CaCl2 as a crosslinker agent. The formulation varying by concentration of CaCl2 (0.1M to 0.3M) and lemongrass extract (2% to 12%). Encapsulation lemongrass with alginate-chitosan beads is characterized to determine encapsulation efficiency, swelling study, morphology, functional groups, and release study. The results showed that encapsulation efficiency ranged from 74.81% to 83.07%. Encapsulation efficiency increased with the addition of CaCl2 and lemongrass extract concentration. The swelling ratio ranged from 27.29 to 37.81, it will decrease with the addition of CaCl2 and lemongrass extract concentration. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of hydrogel beads shows a polyhedral shape, porous, and rough surface which indicates bioactive of lemongrass trapped on the beads. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) results show new peaks at 1734 cm-1 as carbonyl stretch vibrations in ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids, indicating the addition of lemongrass extract. Bioactive of lemongrass extract loaded alginate-chitosan beads was successfully released as much as 87.12% at pH 6.8. This study suggested the strong potential alginate-chitosan beads as an encapsulating agent for lemongrass extract using the ionic gelation method, and it has potential as a drug delivery system.Keywords: encapsulation; lemongrass; alginate; chitosan; CaCl2","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":"544 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77162984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric Surfactant from Palm Oil Methyl Ester and Vinyl Acetate for Chemical Flooding 棕榈油甲酯和醋酸乙烯酯化学驱用聚合表面活性剂的合成与表征

Reaktor Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.21.2.65-73

Agam Duma Kalista Wibowo, Pina Tiani, L. Aditya, A. S. Handayani, M. Christwardana

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric Surfactant from Palm Oil Methyl Ester and Vinyl Acetate for Chemical Flooding","authors":"Agam Duma Kalista Wibowo, Pina Tiani, L. Aditya, A. S. Handayani, M. Christwardana","doi":"10.14710/reaktor.21.2.65-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.21.2.65-73","url":null,"abstract":"Surfactants for enhanced oil recovery are generally made from non-renewable petroleum sulfonates and their prices are relatively expensive, so it is necessary to synthesis the bio-based surfactants that are renewable and ecofriendly. The surfactant solution can reduce the interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and water while vinyl acetate monomer has an ability to increase the viscosity as a mobility control. Therefore, polymeric surfactant has both combination properties in reducing the oil/water IFT and increasing the viscosity of the aqueous solution simultaneously. Based on the study, the Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) of Polymeric Surfactant was at 0.5% concentration with an IFT of 7.72x10-2 mN/m. The best mole ratio of methyl ester sulfonate to vinyl acetate for polymeric surfactant synthesis was 1:0.5 with an IFT of 6.7x10-3 mN/m. Characterization of the product using FTIR and HNMR has proven the creation of polymeric surfactant. Based on the wettability alteration study, it confirmed that the product has an ability to alter from the initial oil-wet to water-wet quartz surface. In conclusion, the polymeric surfactant has ultralow IFT and could be an alternative surfactant for chemical flooding because the IFT value met with the required standard for chemical flooding ranges from 10-2 to 10-3 mN/m.Keywords: Enhanced Oil recovery, Interfacial Tension, Methyl Ester Sulfonate, Polymeric surfactant, vinyl acetate","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82236024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Purification of Glucomannan of Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Flour using Combination of Isopropyl Alcohol and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction 异丙醇-超声联合萃取法纯化茯苓粉中的葡甘露聚糖

Reaktor Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.14710/REAKTOR.20.4.203-209

D. H. Wardhani, Lucia Hermawati Rahayu, H. Cahyono, Hana L Ulya

{"title":"Purification of Glucomannan of Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Flour using Combination of Isopropyl Alcohol and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction","authors":"D. H. Wardhani, Lucia Hermawati Rahayu, H. Cahyono, Hana L Ulya","doi":"10.14710/REAKTOR.20.4.203-209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/REAKTOR.20.4.203-209","url":null,"abstract":"Porang tuber is rich of glucomannan content but contained irritable compounds to be consumed. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using isoprophyl alcohol (IPA) was developed as a purification method for glucomannan. This study aimed to determine the effects of UAE conditions (IPA concentrations, ratios of solvent-solid, and number of extraction stages) on the characteristics of purified glucomannan (PG) from porang flour (PF). Single-stage UAE using 80% IPA concentration and ratio of solvent-solid of 8:1 (ml/g) for 10 min gave the highest glucomannan content (76.10%). At this condition, the PG viscosity and yield were 12,800 cP and 96.10%, respectively. Furthermore, the three-stage UAE using 80% IPA concentration in each stage improved the glucomannan content to 83.26% with 15,960 cP and 90.02% of yield. The morphology showed that the purified glucomannan powders had smoother surface and less crump after the purification. Both carbonyl and acetyl groups were observed on PF and PG in different intensities. Keywords: glucomannan, isopropanol, Amorphophallus oncophyllus, ultrasound-assisted extraction","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75361399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Exergy Analysis of Microalgae Thermochemical Conversion using Aspen Plus Simulation 基于Aspen Plus模拟的微藻热化学转化用能分析

Reaktor Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.14710/REAKTOR.20.4.166-173

C. Tamzysi, M. Adnan, F. Rahma, A. Hidayat

引用次数: 2

Kinetic Study of Kapok Seed Oil Esterification using BMIM-PF6 Catalyst bmi - pf6催化剂催化木棉籽油酯化动力学研究

Reaktor Pub Date : 2020-10-13 DOI: 10.14710/REAKTOR.20.3.138-149

B. Sudrajat, W. Widayat, N. Widiantara, H. Satriadi, Maria Siahaan, Wira Pinem

{"title":"Kinetic Study of Kapok Seed Oil Esterification using BMIM-PF6 Catalyst","authors":"B. Sudrajat, W. Widayat, N. Widiantara, H. Satriadi, Maria Siahaan, Wira Pinem","doi":"10.14710/REAKTOR.20.3.138-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/REAKTOR.20.3.138-149","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel offers better combustion efficiency, lower sulfur content and aromatic compounds, higher cetane numbers than diesel fuel, biodegradable and renewable properties that are not possessed by conventional fuels such as diesel fuel. This study aims to study the modeling of esterification process of Kapok seed oil using 3 % liquid ionic catalyst 1-Butyl-3-MethydidazoliumHexafluorophosphate (BMIM-PF6). The validation results of reaction kinetic models for experiments and simulations provide an adjacent correlation value, that is R2 = 0.99526, with the rate constant value (k) based on experimental data are 0.003815 L/mol.s and 0.0038 L/mol.s for the simulation data. Based on the simulation results, the proper reaction order for this esterification reaction is the first order reaction equation with a value of R2 = 0.99526, while the second order reaction gives the value R2 = 0.89453. The reaction kinetics parameters obtained from the experimental results are A = 0.012 L/mol.s and -Ea = -0.437 kJ/mol, while the reaction parameters of the simulation are A = 1.0384 L/mol.s and -Ea = -89.5 kJ/mol.Keywords: Esterification, Ionic Liquid Catalyst, Kinetic","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74408709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Erratum to: Evaluation Performance of Pneumatic Dryer for Cassava Starch [18 (4): 216-223] 木薯淀粉风动干燥机性能评价[18 (4):216-223]

Reaktor Pub Date : 2020-10-13 DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.20.3.159-159

Reaktor Editorial

引用次数: 0

Back Matters 回到问题

Reaktor Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.20.2.xxx-xxx

D. Ariyanti

引用次数: 0

Application of Square and Oblong Pore Shapes in Rotating Membrane Emulsification to Produce Novel Particulate Products 方形和长方形孔隙形状在旋转膜乳化生产新型颗粒产品中的应用

Reaktor Pub Date : 2020-03-13 DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.20.1.47-56

N. Aryanti, Richard A. Williams, Q. Yuan

{"title":"Application of Square and Oblong Pore Shapes in Rotating Membrane Emulsification to Produce Novel Particulate Products","authors":"N. Aryanti, Richard A. Williams, Q. Yuan","doi":"10.14710/reaktor.20.1.47-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.20.1.47-56","url":null,"abstract":"Rotating membrane emulsification (RMR) has been intensively developed and applied for producing emulsion as well as particulate products such as microcapsules. Polyurea microcapsules were generally prepared by interfacial polycondensation polymerisation with addition of modifier to produce more stable microcapsules. In this research, development of the RMR was applied for producing polymer particles stabilised by nanoparticle without any addition of surfactant or modifier. Two types of membrane pores, the square (Type-A) with hydraulic diameter (Dh) of 84 mm and oblong pores with an aspect ratio of 0.33 (Type-B) having Dh of 69 mm was investigated. For the membranes designed in this research, pore shape A membrane could produce good uniformity in both polyurea microcapsule and polymer particle. In the polymer stabilised particle, this membrane type obtained a narrower size distribution than the usage for o/w emulsification. Reasonable uniform particles at high membrane rotation speed could also be achieved with the use of Type-A membrane. The uniformity confirmed that there was only minor breakup of products during operation at high membrane rotation. This attractive feature was significant in the production of fragile or shear-sensitive particulate products since the delicate structure of these products is possibly easy to destroy at high membrane rotation speed. Keywords: polyurea microcapsules; particles stabilised nanoparticles; slotted pore","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":"83 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.14710/reaktor.20.1.47-56","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72371425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of Antimicrobial Edible Films with Single and Double Emulsions from Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Oil 丁香油单乳和双乳抗菌食用膜的表征

Reaktor Pub Date : 2020-03-13 DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.20.1.38-46

K. Natania, Giovani Fransisca Setiawan

{"title":"Characterization of Antimicrobial Edible Films with Single and Double Emulsions from Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Oil","authors":"K. Natania, Giovani Fransisca Setiawan","doi":"10.14710/reaktor.20.1.38-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.20.1.38-46","url":null,"abstract":"Clove oil as a potent antimicrobial agent was added to enhance the properties of edible films. Clove oil was converted to single and double emulsion emulsions for homogenous dispersion in a starch based edible film suspension. Double emulsion was made with two steps emulsification with CaCl2 as inner water phase and guar gum as outer water phase. Single emulsion was prepared similarly without inner water phase. The physico-chemical characteristics and the antimicrobial activity of the of starch-based edible film added with the emulsion were observed. MBC/MFC of clove oil was determined against E. coli, S. aureus, R. stolonifer, and A. niger which gives value of 1.95, 1.46, 0.52, and 0.35 mg/ml respectively. Incorporation of different emulsions on starch-based edible films affect the properties of resulting edible films by increasing thickness, opacity, elongation at break, water vapor transmission rate, and swelling index. Both emulsions showed comparable physicochemical characteristics such as thickness, WVTR, and swelling index value. However, double emulsion produced more superior edible films in terms of tensile strength and antimicrobial activity. 15% addition of double emulsion were able to show strong antimicrobial activity with inhibition zone of more than 8.0 mm for E. coli and 24.0 mm for R. stolonifer.Keywords: clove oil; edible film; single and double emulsion ","PeriodicalId":20874,"journal":{"name":"Reaktor","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87822803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Back Matter 回到问题

Reaktor Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.19.4.xxx-xxx

D. Ariyanti

引用次数: 0

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