New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: "Geological responses to wildfires"最新文献

{"title":"Geometry of Major Normal Faults in the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, Rio Grande Rift, Constrained By Total Bouguer Gravity Anomaly Data","authors":"Antonio Chavez, R. Chamberlin, A. Rinehart","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2948","url":null,"abstract":"During the summer of 2022, we conducted 0.05 mGal resolution relative gravity surveys along two W-E lines in the western Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. Gravity data can provide a test of rift models, which include deep-seated listric faulting (Ricketts et al., 2015) or multiple generations of cross-cutting, planar-rotational normal faults, initially formed at steep dips (Chamberlin and Love, 2016). Our survey had 74 new relative gravity stations. At each station, GPS coordinates were collected with a Trimble RTX to a 10-cm horizontal and 5-cm vertical accuracy. We used a ZLS Burris Gravity Meter with 5 µGal resolution for relative gravity measurements. Stations along each profile were at a spacing of 0.25 to 1 km. We re-occupied a subset of stations multiple times to correct for drift and to tie to NGA absolute benchmarks. Data was reduced to the mean measured gravity and manually drift corrected. The total Bouguer anomaly was calculated assuming a crustal density of 2.65 g/cm 3 . The northern survey, from the base of Ladron Peak to Bernardo along the AT&T road, reveals some unexpected variations in gravity anomalies. The western end, at the foot of Ladron Peak, shows a gentle eastward gradient above the low-angle Silver Creek fault. At two km from the mountain front, a steep eastward gradient (40 mGal/km) offsets this gentle gradient. The gravity profile is then again gently eastward sloping for the next 9 km. A small eastward gradient (2 Mgal) is observed down dip of the Loma Pelada (aka. Coyote) fault trace. This is much less than expected, since seismic reflection data indicate over 2 km of east-down displacement on the Coyote fault. Three km further east the flat gradients steepen to 10 mGal/km eastward and then reverse to 15 mGal/km westward for the final 2 km. The southern profile along Alamillo Road begins at a gravity low in the westerly","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128884896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unearthing the mid-Cenozoic Cordilleran magmatic periphery of eastern New Mexico","authors":"Snir Attia, J. Ricci","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2900","url":null,"abstract":"The North American alkaline magmatic belt has long been recognized as a first-order feature of the western North American Cordillera. Even more distal, small-volume alkaline igneous occurrences are found in the far inboard Cordillera along the western edge of the Great Plains from Texas to northernmost Montana. In eastern New Mexico and southeastern Colorado, distal intrusions of mid-Cenozoic age are emplaced into little deformed Permian to Cretaceous strata, some 50 to 200 kilometers east of the nearest major alkaline magmatic centers. About ten late Eocene to mid-Miocene igneous occurrences stretching from the Yeso Hills dikes (Eddy County, NM) to the northeastern end of the Jemez lineament form the Cordilleran magmatic periphery of eastern New Mexico. Isolated minor dikes, sills, and plugs are generally alkaline and mafic to intermediate in composition, though data and descriptions are presently limited. These peripheral igneous occurrences may simply be far-travelled lateral offshoots of the alkaline magmatic centers in axial New Mexico. Alternatively, distal intrusions may represent transcrustal magmatic systems related to small-volume melting beneath the westernmost Great Plains. In the latter case, these minor alkaline igneous occurrences would constitute a coherent ‘Cordilleran magmatic peripheral belt’ distinct from the major magmatic centers of the North American alkaline magmatic belt emplaced into Laramide structures and rift flank uplifts to the west. We highlight the potential constitutive elements of the Cordilleran magmatic periphery of eastern New Mexico and future research to study these occurrences.","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129039440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking Genomes and Geochemistry in Extreme Environments Across the Greater Valles Caldera Ecosystem, New Mexico","authors":"Daniel S. Jones, Abigail Brown, Mackenzie B. Best, Raymond R. Castillo, Evita A. Chee, Angeline Noelle I. Diongson, Katelyn Green, Elaena L. Hann, Z. Havlena, W. Hughes, Nathaniel E. Jobe, Damilola M. Odumade, Andre J. Ortiz, Lama Ramadan, Cassandra H. Skaar","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2936","url":null,"abstract":"Valles Caldera is an active volcanic caldera in the Jemez Mountains, Northern New Mexico. Most of the caldera is within a 363 km 2 National Preserve, but the greater Valles Caldera ecosystem also includes natural and artificial hot springs such as those along the Jemez River to the south. Interactions among volcanic gases, volcanically-influenced groundwaters, and surface waters results in strong geochemical gradients, from extremely acidic surface springs, streams, and lakes where CO 2 and H 2 S-rich volcanic gases mix with surface waters, to circumneutral travertine springs formed by sulfidic, volcanically-heated groundwaters. The chemical disequilibrium that results as these volcanic gases are exposed to light and oxygen provides energy for diverse chemosynthetic microbial communities that thrive on reduced volcanic gases and contribute to the biogeochemical cycling of sulfur, carbon, and other elements. We are exploring the microorganisms and microbial biogeochemical processes in acidic, sulfidic streams and lakes in the Sulfur Springs and Alamo Canyon areas of Valles Caldera National Preserve, and at Soda Dam, a large travertine hot spring near Jemez Springs, NM. Preliminary culture-independent analysis using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that microbial communities contain eukaryotic algae and a wide variety of known chemoautotrophic sulfur oxidizers, as well as several undescribed groups of bacteria and archaea. We will discuss how the chemical, pH and temperature gradients in the region affect the diversity and types of microorganisms present, and describe new results from a research-based class at New Mexico Tech (Metagenomic Analysis, GEOB 589-01/BIOL 589-01, Spring 2023), where we are using metagenomic sequencing to discover the metabolic capabilities of some of these novel extremophiles and explore their potential biogeochemical roles in the volcanically-influenced springs and streams.","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126454395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare Earth Elements and Critical Minerals in Coal and Related Strata in the San Juan Basin in Northern New Mexico","authors":"Megan N. Badonie, V. McLemore","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2939","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"11 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124378905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Summary of Late Cretaceous Ammonites and Molluscan Zones, Eastern San Juan Basin, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico","authors":"P. Sealey, S. Lucas","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2886","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132516677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interweaving Recurring Slope Lineae in Raga Crater, Mars and Their Applicability to Hillslope Monitoring Throughout New Mexico","authors":"D. Mason, L. Scuderi","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2901","url":null,"abstract":"Recurring slope lineae (RSL) are unique features on the Martian surface whose formative mechanisms and overall geomorphic expression are still poorly understood [1]. While many appear linear, a small subset— notably in Martian craters such as Raga— display an interweaving morphology. This morphology has not been discussed at length in the literature and raises several questions about the nature of recurring slope lineae; specifically about the geomorphic expression of interweaving RSL. We seek to determine whether interweaving slope lineae can provide insight into the formative nature of RSL, and postulate that the interweaving exhibited by recurring slope lineae does help to further constrain their formative mechanisms as either fully aqueous in form, or as a dry, channelized flow of sediment down sinuous sub-resolution channels. Our research also suggests that changes in slope angle near the bifurcation point of slope lineae are associated with the interweaving patterns seen in RSL, and that higher sinuosity in those channels may influence the interweaving nature of these features.","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131367714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The New Mexico Water Data Initiative: Building Collaborative Data Sharing for Water Management Along the Pecos River, New Mexico","authors":"Rachel Hobbs, C. Cox, J. Ross, S. Timmons","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2903","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124864021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Geometry of an Unnamed Fault System South of Socorro, New Mexico, Using an Integrated Geophysical and Remote Sensing Approach","authors":"G. Pharris, Riley Heath, V. Jones, V. Prush, Isabel Morris, L. Worthington, Collin C. Brandl, Sarah Rysanek, Jillian Podmore, Jonathan Anaya","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2935","url":null,"abstract":"Active faults within continental rift zones, such as the Rio Grande rift (RGR), pose hazards to society. Evaluations of earthquake hazard along active faults require models of subsurface geometry and estimates of fault activity rates. South of the city of Socorro, New Mexico, a series of normal faults – including the Socorro Canyon Fault Zone (SCFZ) – mark the eastern boundary of the Chupadera Mountains in the RGR. Despite the seismic hazard posed by these fault systems to surrounding communities, their subsurface geometry is not well-constrained. Here we use a variety of interdisciplinary geophysical techniques, including ground penetrating radar (GPR) and seismic reflection surveying, to image the subsurface architecture of this complex fault system. We also use recently released high-resolution lidar imagery to relate scarp morphology in unconsolidated alluvial fans to relative fan age in order to establish Quaternary fault activity. Our geophysical imaging surveys show offset of reflectors consistent with normal faulting. Relative fan age estimates and analysis of scarp morphology indicate that this system has remained active throughout the Quaternary. This recent activity warrants further investigation into the seismic hazard posed by this system, including possible linkages between this and surrounding structures in large earthquakes. Future work includes extending the study area along-strike and cosmogenic nuclide dating of alluvial fans to further constrain the slip history of the faults.","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124917879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Lithium as a Critical Industrial Material and Engagement Prospects in New Mexico.","authors":"Mark R. Leo-Russell, V. McLemore","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2926","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126686253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithogeochemical Vectors and Mineral Paragenesis of Hydrothermal REE-F-Bearing Veins and Breccias in the Gallinas Mountains, New Mexico","authors":"Evan J. Owen, A. Gysi, V. McLemore, N. Hurtig, K. Pfaff","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2960","url":null,"abstract":"The Gallinas Mountains district in New Mexico showcase hydrothermal rare earth element (REE)-bearing fluorite veins and breccias hosted in Permian sedimentary rocks that formed during the emplacement of trachyte/syenite sills, dikes and breccias ~30 Ma ago. This district occurs within the Lincoln County Porphyry Belt and is part of the North American Cordilleran alkaline-igneous belt, which has produced significant amounts of gold and silver, as well as lesser fluorite and REE. The Gallinas Mountains district has recorded production of base and precious metals in the early 1900s, with later fluorite and REE production in the 1950s. The Gallinas Mountains district is a prime location to study hydrothermal REE mobilization in an alkaline system because of the well exposed geology. Rare earth elements are primarily found in the fluorocarbonate mineral bastnäsite-(Ce), which is also the primary ore mineral of several world-class carbonatite REE deposits such as Mountain Pass in California and Bayan Obo in China. In this study, a mineral and vein paragenesis was documented using petrographic observations, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-based automated mineralogy, cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy, and backscattered electron (BSE) imaging. Trace element chemistry of fluorite was obtained using laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to characterize different types of fluorite found within crosscutting veins and track the occurrence and distribution of REE in the district. Previously collected whole-rock geochemical data allow the authors to link petrographic observations to deposit-and district-scale features, creating lithogeochemical vectors for REE and related alteration styles that may aid exploration for REE in this and other districts. Three REE-bearing fluorite vein types have been characterized using optical microscopy, BSE imaging, SEM-based automated mineralogy, and CL microscopy. These are: Type 1 barite-fluorite, Type 2 bastnäsite-fluorite, and Type 3 calcite-fluorite veins. Three distinct fluorite generations (fluorite I-III) with unique CL signatures were distinguished in these veins. Of these, fluorite II, found in Type 2 veins, appears to be most significant for the REE endowment as it forms fine intergrowths with bastnäsite-(Ce) overprinting fluorite I in Type 1 veins. Preliminary LA-ICP-MS analysis on fluorite indicates distinct REE chondrite-normalized profiles for each fluorite type. Fluorite I exhibits a LREE-enriched profile, fluorite II a flat LREE profile depleted in HREE, and fluorite III a LREE-depleted and HREE-enriched profile. Whole rock F and REE concentrations in fluorite veins and breccias display a positive correlation with Ba, which indicates an increase in REE mineralization associated with elevated barite concentration. This relationship corroborates the common, district-wide observation of Type 2 bastnäsite-fluorite veins overprinting earlier Type 1 barite-fluorite veins. These results","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130362049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}