New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: "Geological responses to wildfires"最新文献

{"title":"From Old Poop to the Real Scoop: The Truth About Lake Balls","authors":"D. Rachal, Jim Mead","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2888","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129586202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemistry of critical minerals in mine wastes at Hillsboro and Steeple Rock districts, New Mexico.","authors":"Abena Serwah Acheampong-Mensah, V. McLemore","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2930","url":null,"abstract":"There are tens of thousands of inactive or abandoned mine features in 274 mining districts in New Mexico (NM) (including coal, uranium, metals, and industrial minerals districts) with about 15,000 abandoned legacy mine features varying from shallow prospect pits to deep mine shafts in the state. There is a need to classify these wastes or “abandoned deposits” to understand their composition, properly estimates the quantity and evaluate the potential economic value. Since most of the earlier operations and exploitation was focused on heavy metals, it would be good to now turn our attention to examine these wastes for potential critical minerals. Hence this project seeks to 1) characterize and estimate the critical mineral endowment of mine wastes in three mining districts in New Mexico (Copper Flat at Hillsboro, Black Hawk in Burro Mountains, and Carlisle-Center mines in Steeple Rock district) and 2) “beta-test” USGS procedures and provide feedback. Potential critical minerals at these deposits include As, Bi, Te, Zn, , Co, Ni, Mg, Mn, and fluorite.","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124966340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineral Paragenesis and Fluid Evolution at the Magmatic-Hydrothermal Transition of the Lemitar Carbonatite, NM","authors":"Eric L. Ruggles, N. Hurtig, A. Gysi, V. McLemore","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2919","url":null,"abstract":"The Lemitar Carbonatite, located in the Lemitar Mountains, NM, comprises 516.7±0.7 Ma old dikes intruded into Proterozoic mafic rocks [1,2]. This area comprises of more than one hundred surface exposures of carbonatite dikes with grades of up to 1.1% total rare earth element (REE) concentrations that show variable degrees of hydrothermal overprinting. Hydrothermal processes have been shown to be critical for REE mobilization and enrichment to economic levels [3]. This study aims to determine a mineral paragenesis and study fluid inclusions to highlight REE mobility and enrichment at the magmatic-hydrothermal transition in the Lemitar Carbonatite. Magmatic minerals comprise of calcite, dolomite, phlogopite, magnetite, and apatite [1] overprinted by hydrothermal veins comprising of calcite, fluorite, and quartz. Alteration surrounding carbonatites includes potassic fenitization, hematization, F-Ca-metasomatism, chloritization, and silicification [4]. Cathodoluminescence imaging shows three distinct calcite generations of which calcite-1 is early and likely magmatic, calcite-2 is the early hydrothermal vein calcite and calcite-3 is the latest hydrothermal calcite generation. Apatite occurs in the fine-grained carbonate matrix, exhibits dissolution textures, and is cross-cut by calcite-3. Calcite-2 occurs as euhedral crystals growing on hydrothermal vein walls overgrown and crosscut by calcite-3 and subsequently by quartz and fluorite. Four fluid inclusion types have been observed including: type-1 vapor-poor (5-15 vol% vapor) and type-2 vapor-rich (>30 vol% vapor) liquid-vapor inclusions, type-3 vapor-poor (5-15 vol% vapor) and type-4 vapor-rich (>30 vol% vapor) multiphase inclusions. Apatite displays inclusion types 1, 2, and 4, as well as melt inclusions. Type-1 and 3 inclusions occur in calcite-1, type-1, 2, and 3 inclusions occur in calcite-2, and type-2 and 3 inclusions occur in calcite-3, type 1 and 3 inclusions occur in quartz, and fluorite exclusively exhibits type-1 inclusions. Microthermometric data of fluorite-hosted type-1 inclusions show ice melting temperatures at -1.2±0.1°C, and calcite-3 type-1 inclusions yielding -2.5±0.08°C. Apatite-hosted type-2 and 4 inclusions show melting temperatures from -5.8±0.2°C to -8.6±0.15°C. Salinities are 2.07 wt% NaCl equivalent in type-1 fluorite-hosted inclusions, 4.18 wt% in type-1 calcite-3 hosted inclusions and 8.95 to 12.4 wt.% in apatite-hosted type-2 and 4, respectively. Preliminary data indicate a decrease in salinity and homogenization temperatures for fluid inclusions between apatite and fluorite from early to late in the paragenetic sequence.","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124172735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bed Sediment Metal Concentrations as Indicators of Ecosystem Recovery in the Gallinas Creek Watershed","authors":"M. Hornberger, S. Murphy, Elizabeth Tomaszewski, J. Blake","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2896","url":null,"abstract":"Measures of post-wildfire effects and recovery often include constituent-based approaches that identify natural and/or anthropogenic disturbance. Water quality and bed sediment studies are two such examples in assessing trends associated with mobilization and transport. In 2022, the Calf Canyon/Hermits Peak Wildfire burned 95% of the Gallinas Creek watershed. Because the El Porvenir Mining District (Quartz-Pegmatite vein) lies within the watershed, metal concentrations were used to establish a baseline of “post-fire condition” with a goal of evaluating recovery over space and time. Bed sediment samples from Gallinas Creek and several tributaries were collected 5 months post fire. Samples were sieved to <63 µm to reduce grainsize bias and allow for spatial comparisons relative to legacy mining activities, and analyzed for arsenic, cadmium, and copper concentrations. In Gallinas Creek, arsenic concentrations were lowest at the most upstream station (Gallinas Creek at Oak Flat, 4.1 ± 1.1 µg/g) and greatest at the most downstream station (Gallinas Creek near Montezuma, 5.3 ± 0.3 µg/g). Arsenic concentrations in streams in the Beaver Creek sub-watershed were up to twofold higher than in the Gallinas, ranging from 6-10 µg/g. Cadmium concentrations followed a similar pattern: concentrations were lowest in the most upstream station on the Gallinas (0.2 ± 0.1 µg/g) and three-fold higher at the downstream station (0.6 ± 0.2 µg/g). Concentrations of cadmium in Beaver Creek, and intermittent streams, were variable, ranging from 0.4-0.7 µg/g. Unlike arsenic and cadmium, there was no unidirectional downstream decline of copper in the Gallinas, and concentrations were low (14-25 µg/g) at all sites apart from a sediment deposit near the mouth of the Hermits Peak Mine adit (100-443 µg/g), likely due to the proximity to legacy mining activities. Although abiotic indicators are key in identifying metal sources, biological effects associated with elevated metal concentrations can only be inferred. Tissue residue studies using resident aquatic organisms measure bioavailability and provide a direct link between chemical exposure and biological effects. Benthic macroinvertebrates were not present at any of the sediment monitoring stations, likely due to the physical disturbance (e.g., high turbidity, scour, debris flows) caused by the wildfire. However, as habitat conditions improve, aquatic insects will recolonize, and, as part of this study, allow for tissue metal analysis and biological assessment of ecosystem recovery.","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132995816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}