New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: "Geological responses to wildfires"最新文献

{"title":"Phylogenetic Analysis of Ammonia Monooxygenase (amoa) Genes From Desert Caves","authors":"Kenyan Pius Phlieger, Katelyn Green, Daniel S. Jones","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2931","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrification is the process by which ammonia is oxidized to nitrate, and is an important biogeochemical reaction in the global nitrogen cycle. This process is catalyzed by ammonia monooxygenase (AMO), which is encoded by the amoA gene. Both bacteria (ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, or AOB) and archaea (ammonia-oxidizing archaea, or AOA) are capable of carrying out ammonia oxidation. This project focuses on the phylogenetic analysis of novel amoA genes from microorganisms found in caves. Through this project, amoA genes from two new metagenomes from Lehman Caves in Nevada and Lechuguilla Cave in New Mexico are being analyzed. Other amoA sequences used for phylogenetic comparison are being compiled from the scientific literature, including amoA studies that go back more than 23 years, as well as from metagenomes from other cave systems. At least one bacterial and one archaeal amoA have been identified so far, and preliminary BLAST analysis showed that these likely originated from close relatives of known ammonia oxidizers, including Nitrosomonas spp., and an unknown archaea. Detailed phylogenetic analysis shows that the amoA from the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium is most closely related to Nitrosomonas spp. and to amoA recovered from other caves, as well as several pmoA sequences, indicating potential use of trace methane. We are now performing additional phylogenetic analyses to further classify these new amoA sequences and explore the evolution of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in caves, as well as to further explore the potential use of trace methane as an energy resource in desert caves. The work from this project will be used in future research aimed at uncovering new ammonia-oxidizing cave microorganisms and exploring their role in the subterranean nitrogen cycle.","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127955369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater signatures and mixing patterns around El Paso del Norte area of the Rio Grande aquifer system using environmental tracers","authors":"Astrid Y. Lozano Acosta","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2874","url":null,"abstract":"Geochemical and isotopic data from the literature for aquifers around El Paso del Norte area is gathered and analyzed to identify mixing patterns and study their hydraulic connectivity. Most of the aquifers are recognized as part of the Rio Grande aquifer system and represent an interlinked series of basins. Existing information on groundwater flow direction and interbasin flow help interpret the data. Using environmental tracers, groundwater groups were identified and characterized, including possible instances of mixing among them. The results were then compared to dendrograms produced from a multivariate analysis of the data as well as to published classification schemes. This study specifically identifies a number of samples in the Valle de Juárez aquifer that match the signature of groundwater groups found near the Jornada-Mesilla divide as well as mixing with the Hueco Bolson endmembers. Groundwater from Conejos-Médanos resembles a mix of at least two distinct water types identified in the Laguna de Patos aquifer; their similarities with a number of samples in the Mesilla Basin, Diablo Plateau, and southern Hueco Bolson suggest mixing and/or a common source or lithology. Springs from the Diablo Plateau and Red Light Draw located at normal faults along the southeastern Hueco boundary are discharging groundwater with similar characteristics. A number of regional geochemical trends were also identified. The results illustrate aquifer dynamics and highlight the importance of data integration for the analysis of regional and local systems, which has implications for water management, quality, and availability topics.","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132420814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrography and Economical Potential of Banded Iron Formation of the Neoproterozoic-Age Buem Formation, Ghana","authors":"Ernest Brakohiapa","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2908","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131042411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Magnesium Dolomites in South-Central New Mexico","authors":"Daniel M. Runyan, V. McLemore, Evan J. Owen, Ethan B. Haft","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2924","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium is an important critical mineral used in a wide range of industrial products and materials. It is used in the manufacture of certain medicines, fertilizers, electronics, and batteries. Magnesium is utilized as an alloying agent of aluminum to improve mechanical capabilities; aluminum-magnesium alloys are useful in airplane and car construction, where strong lightweight materials are critical. China has much of the processing capacity and is the largest global producer of both magnesium compounds and magnesium metal. Demand for magnesium has increased because of use in car parts and batteries. Although magnesium is found in many minerals, dolomite, magnesite, brucite, carnallite, and olivine are of major commercial importance. In New Mexico, magnesium is produced solely for fertilizer as langbeinite from the Carlsbad Potash District. At least one company is considering producing magnesium from dolomite near Deming. In addition to providing significant yields of magnesium, dolomites are also used as crushed rock in construction as a soil additive and iron smelting. In order to consider mining dolomites for magnesium, the dolomites need to be “high-purity”. We define high-purity dolomites as containing at least 15% MgO. We find that certain dolomites in south-central New Mexico, including those within the Florida and Organ Mountains, contain economically significant grades of magnesium (12-22% MgO). High-purity dolomites exist near Silver City, Deming, and Las Cruces, locations that are feasible for transport and extraction. High-purity dolomite deposits in south-central New Mexico, the mining of which could occur in the future, remain the most plentiful source of magnesium in the state. Research is ongoing as magnesium-rich sites are found and described for any potential future mining activity.","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128204437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Western Alpine High Potential, West Flank Delaware Basin, Texas","authors":"A. Benson, E. Benson","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2897","url":null,"abstract":"The Alpine High gas field discovery was announced by Apache in September, 2016, touting gas reserves of 75 TCF, mainly from the Mississippian Barnett and Devonian Woodford shales (Apache website, 2016) as posted by Benson (2017). Low gas prices and lack of pipeline infrastructure have delayed much development, but was scheduled to resume in the fall, 2022. The authors are part of a team of energy specialists, put together for the JMB company, to evaluate their Hovey Ranches and surrounding areas to assess the total energy potential in Brewster and Jeff Davis Counties. The original Apache acreage block of over 200,000 acres, mostly in western Reeves County appears to follow a paper published by Swift et al., (1994), whose outline showed potential conventional gas plays in Reeves County based on Woodford structure map and reprocessed 1970s vintage 2-D seismic data. The major up-to-the-west reverse fault No.1, lies just west of the Jeff Davis County line. A previous interpretation by Pearson (1985) mapped the Capitan Permian reef thick overlying the northwest trending Devonian shelf. A Permian thick was mapped in the subsurface by Standen et al., (2009, Figure 18). An Ellenberger high was mapped under Alpine and trending northwest by Ammon (1981, Figure 11). Deep Ellenberger gas was found at Gomez field and other large fields in the 1960s causing the oil pipeline to be diverted back to California for natural gas consumption. The structural high is covered by the Star Mountain rhyolite (37 myo) portrayed regionally by McLeod (2009). A quarter mile wide by 200-foot-high ridge of Star Mountain rhyolite extends nearly 10 miles southeast from Little Star Mountain (probable vent) just west of fault No. 1, mapped at Woodford shale depth. It is interpreted that this dike extends at depth, following fault fractures and may have heated the Barnett and Woodford shales during the introduction of hydrocarbon expulsion. These areas should be avoided in future drilling. Six wells have been drilled by Coterra, formerly Cabot Oil and Gas, and affiliates over the past four years, along this Star Mountain trend, including two 4000 foot horizontal laterals. They have been fraced in the Woodford, but no results are available. Coterra acreage leases have been dropped. Northwest trending faults were mapped by King (1930) in the Glass Mountains. The Woodford produces oil in the Marathon fold belt (Reed and Strickler, 1990). Will high gas prices rejuvenate the unconventional plays on the west side of the Delaware Basin? Late timing of hydrocarbon generation may allow a vast area of unconventional hydrocarbon exploration.","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116357953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First Record of the Echinoid Genus Mecaster From the Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of New Mexico","authors":"Michael P. Foley, S. Lucas","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2884","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116816556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New U-Pb Detrital Zircon Geochronology From the Eocene San Jose Formation, Eastern San Juan Basin, Northwestern New Mexico","authors":"N. Salladin, Thomas A. Valenzuela, B. Hampton, K. Hobbs","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2951","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"324 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116635948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining surface water and groundwater returns from Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge to the Rio Grande","authors":"S. Roussel, Zachary M. Shephard, F. Brinkerhoff, R. Travis","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2917","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124452467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Fate of Sulfur in Sulphur Creek, Valles Caldera, Nm: Implications for Water Quality and Metal Transport","authors":"Daniel Lavery, L. Crossey, Abdul-Mehdi S. Ali","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2899","url":null,"abstract":"The 1.2 Ma Valles Caldera in northern New Mexico hosts a hydrothermal system that has been characterized by Goff and Janik, 2000 and references therein as consistent with a young igneous model. This study aims to determine the geochemical processes that govern the attenuation of chemical components released by hydrothermal activity in streams draining the Jemez mountains. The Sulphur Springs are the primary vents of the Valles acid-sulfate hydrothermal system, emitting waters with pH <3 and high concentrations of Al (60-800 mg/L) and SO 42-(1,800-10,000 mg/L). Sulphur Springs discharges into Sulphur Creek, imparting a similarly low-pH, high-Al, high-SO 42-signature. Further downstream, these signatures are attenuated by the interaction of Sulphur Creek with the similarly low-pH Redondo Creek and the circumneutral, snowmelt-fed Río San Antonio. The Sulphur Creek field area is a particularly useful natural laboratory to conduct this study due to the wide range of in-stream pH and salinity conditions. Additionally, Sulphur Creek waters mix with waters of diverse composition of both hydrothermal and meteoric origin at multiple confluences along its run. The wide range of conditions found in this field area make it possible to discriminate between many processes that control attenuation. This study uses major ion and stable isotope compositions and field parameters of collected water samples as geochemical tracers to identify attenuation processes. Due to the low pH of many of the samples, charge balancing of the waters required additional steps, including partitioning total sulfate species into SO 42-and HSO 4-and geochemical modelling using software such as PhreeqC. Data collected for this study suggests the importance of dilution and pH-changes in attenuating high concentrations of dissolved solids. Mixing analysis at the many confluences Sulphur Creek has along its flowpath is required to identify attenuation on a more granular level. Furthermore, additional investigation is needed to identify seasonal changes in the geochemistry of the system that may have an impact on the attenuation of the hydrothermal components. Hydrothermally-affected waters from the Yellowstone caldera are used for comparison with Valles waters in this study","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122804825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrologic Response of the Gallinas River to 2023 Spring Snowmelt Post-2022 Hermits Peak/calf Canyon Fire","authors":"Mary Frances Bibb, J. Lindline","doi":"10.56577/sm-2023.2925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2023.2925","url":null,"abstract":"Forest fires are well known to impact the quality of water in a watershed from hillside erosion and fire sedimentation as well as the quantity of water entering the system from decreased soil infiltration, lessened vegetation interception, and increased catchment evapotranspiration. The Gallinas Watershed in northern New Mexico was impacted by the 2022 Hermits Peak/Calf Canyon (HP/CC) Fire, the largest wildfire in New Mexico’s history (>340,000 acres). Approximately 115,542 acres burned in the Headwaters Gallinas River Watershed, 21% of which were classified by the USFS Burned Area Emergency Response team as high burn severity. As of April 8, 2023, the snow water equivalent (SWE) data from the NRCS Wesner Springs snow monitoring station at the Gallinas River’s source (Elk Mountain; 11,151 feet) stands at 17.0 in, which is trending at 142% higher than the 30-year median of 12.0 in. The above-average snowpack raises concerns for increased snowmelt in the watersheds, with heightened concern for earlier onset and higher levels of peak flows due to post-fire watershed conditions. This undergraduate study consists of monitoring in near real-time the SWE, air temperature, and soil moisture at Wesner Springs and comparing these to both historic and 2023 Gallinas River discharge with emphasis on the period during the spring snowmelt (March through May) to test what if any impact the 2022 HP/CC forest fire is having on hydrologic conditions. Historically, the hydrographs for Gallinas Creek near Montezuma, NM (USGS 08380500) show broad, diffuse, and moderate increases in discharge from March to May from snow melt in contrast to the narrow, sharp, and marked increases in discharges from June to August from monsoon rains. Review of the Gallinas River streamflow data from March 2023 to present shows a flashy spring discharge with narrow and sharp peaks at 4 to 7 times above average similar to monsoonal precipitation response rather than snowmelt response. These data suggest that the snowmelt is running off the burned hillsides rather than infiltrating the subsurface. The NRCS has calculated a forecast volume (50% exceedance probability) of 215% of the 30-year median at Gallinas Creek near Montezuma. Historically, peak discharge on the Gallinas occurs around May 15 th based on the 96-year record, but has been occurring earlier during the millennium drought. This year, with the higher SWE and post-fire conditions, monitoring in near real-time is imperative to forecast flood stages, manage fire sedimentation, and protect water supplies.","PeriodicalId":208607,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2023 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume, Theme: \"Geological responses to wildfires\"","volume":"33 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120981896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}