Psychoneuroendocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Intranasal oxytocin increases cooperation of heterosexual men with women","authors":"Gonçalo Cosme ,&nbsp;Marta Patrocínio ,&nbsp;Carlotta Cogoni ,&nbsp;Maciej Kosilo ,&nbsp;Diana Prata","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sexualization may lead to sexual objectification, which is thought to be the prelude of misogynistic behavior. On the other hand, sexualization can also increase approach and courtship from the opposite sex. It is still unclear how the sexualization of women biases social cooperative decisions towards them. In an EEG experiment with the Prisoner’s Dilemma, using a between-subject double-blind placebo-controlled design, we investigated if the sexualization of women could influence cooperative behaviors from heterosexual men (n = 50) and if oxytocin (OT), thought to have a key role in social cognition, modulates this effect. We found sexualized women were perceived as more attractive, sexy, and sexually available, and less moral but not objectified. Our main finding was that OT pervasively increased general cooperation probability, as well as cooperation probability specifically after reciprocal cooperation. Additionally, OT increased cooperation probability after betrayal, particularly for non-sexualized and when they played before the sexualized women. Neurally, we found sexualization affected P300 and FRN responses during the game’s outcomes, and that the former’s latency was also increased by OT when men played with non-sexualized before the sexualized women, tentatively reflecting the above behavioral results. Our findings corroborate existing theories of OT increasing trust and rendering prosocial or pro-approach behavior rewarding and extend them to the context of the other’s sexualization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20836,"journal":{"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 107519"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interplay of depressive symptoms, adiposity, and metabolic markers in young adults","authors":"Dewald Naudé ,&nbsp;Wayne Smith ,&nbsp;Esmé Jansen van Vuren","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Depression is associated with increased adiposity, and insulin resistance (IR) and leptin have been proposed as potential mediators of this relationship. However, the exact nature of this relationship is poorly understood in young adults. Therefore, we investigated the relationship of total depressive symptom severity and specific depressive symptom clusters with adiposity and metabolic markers in young South African adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We stratified 997 adults (aged 20–30 years) according to increasing body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height-ratio (WHtR) categories. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess total depressive symptom severity, somatic- and cognitive-affective depressive symptom cluster scores. Leptin, insulin, and glucose were measured using fasting blood samples. The homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) was calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After adjustment for confounders, leptin, insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR were higher across increasing BMI and WHtR categories (all p &lt; 0.001). The PHQ-9 total score was positively associated with BMI in BMI-stratified overweight and obese adults (all p ≤ 0.025). Reciprocal associations between the PHQ-9 total score and WHtR were absent in all WHtR groups. The PHQ-9 total score was positively associated with leptin in WHtR-stratified normal weight adults (p = 0.005) and with HOMA-IR in WHtR-stratified underweight and BMI-stratified normal weight adults (all p ≤ 0.029). Independent of adiposity status, the PHQ-9 total score was positively associated with insulin (all p = 0.026). Associations with the PHQ-9 total score were mainly driven by the somatic-affective symptom cluster. Somatic-affective symptoms were also inversely associated with fasting glucose in BMI-stratified underweight adults (p = 0.008).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In young apparently healthy adults, general adiposity is linked to greater total depressive symptom severity and somatic-affective depressive symptoms. Insulin might play a role in pathophysiological processes associated with depressive symptoms, irrespective of adiposity status, while fasting glucose and HOMA-IR may play a role in underweight individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20836,"journal":{"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 107521"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The synergistic effects of acute stress and exogenous oxytocin on males’ decision-making under unfairness","authors":"Guangya Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Tang ,&nbsp;Zhouqian Yin ,&nbsp;Siyu Yu ,&nbsp;Jingjie Lu ,&nbsp;Xindi Shi ,&nbsp;Xiurong Hao ,&nbsp;Shijia Li","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxytocin (OXT) plays a critical role in stress-induced affiliative behavior, with important implications for socio-economic decision-making. In this study, 95 healthy young males were randomly assigned to four groups, receiving either 32 IU of exogenous OXT or a placebo (PBO) before undergoing the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) or a control procedure, followed by participation in the Ultimatum Game (UG) as responders, allocating ¥50. The results indicated that OXT inhibited the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stress response, enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity, and increased subjectively perceived stress. Stress and OXT acted synergistically, reducing males’ acceptance of extremely unfair allocations (¥5) and amplifying the impact of previous offers on expectations, highlighting the salience of social cues after stress exposure and OXT treatment. Cross-project analyses compared OXT- and PBO-treated males with untreated females from a homogeneous study. Males rejected more moderately unfair allocations (¥20, ¥15, ¥10) and exhibited higher disadvantage inequality aversion than females, regardless of OXT treatment. These findings reveal the combined influence of OXT and acute psychosocial stress on males’ decision-making and psychological processes in unfairness contexts, highlighting the biological, psychological, and social dimensions of social behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20836,"journal":{"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 107522"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortisol and testosterone jointly affect adolescent fairness","authors":"Rui Su ,&nbsp;Huagen Wang ,&nbsp;Xiang Ma ,&nbsp;Nan Sun ,&nbsp;Chao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fairness is crucial in social interactions, shaping relationships and fostering cooperation, especially during adolescence. The developmental period, characterized by significant hormonal changes such as fluctuations in cortisol and testosterone levels, is pivotal for physiological and behavioral maturation. Despite the importance of the hormones, studies investigating their interaction effects on fairness within adolescent populations remain limited. The current study explored adolescent fairness development and how cortisol (bedtime basal cortisol and cortisol awakening response, CAR) and testosterone interacted in strategic and pure fairness towards friends and strangers, using adapted versions of the Ultimatum Game (UG) and Dictator Game (DG), separately, in 381 typically developing adolescents (37 % female, M_<em>age</em> = 14.6 years, SD_<em>age</em> = 1.95). As adolescents matured, they increasingly favored friends over strangers in both strategic and pure fairness decision-making. Testosterone was positively associated with allocation differences in strategic fairness only at high bedtime basal cortisol levels. Additionally, testosterone was positively correlated with allocation differences in strategic fairness at low CAR levels but negatively at high CAR levels. This hormonal pattern was observed only in male adolescents. These findings underscore sex-specific patterns in dual-hormonal influences on adolescent fairness decisions and highlight the role of physiological hormones in the development of moral values in distinct ways for males and females.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20836,"journal":{"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 107520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diurnal cortisol and rumination: Examining gender differences","authors":"Nathan C. Stuart ,&nbsp;Peggy M. Zoccola ,&nbsp;Sally S. Dickerson","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging evidence from laboratory stressor studies suggests gender/sex differences in the relationship between the tendency to ruminate and prolonged activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, as well as elevated levels of its end-product, cortisol. However, research on rumination and diurnal cortisol, particularly in relation to HPA activity and gender/sex differences, is limited. The primary aim of the present study was to extend laboratory findings to a naturalistic setting. Diurnal cortisol slope (DCS), a measure of typical decline in cortisol throughout the day, was examined. The study also examined whether rumination-cortisol associations differed by rumination type and gender/sex: stressor-focused rumination, which involves dwelling on past or current stressors, and brooding rumination, which focuses on evaluative reactions to sad emotions. The sample included 116 college-aged adults (63 women, 53 men) who provided six salivary cortisol samples throughout the day over five days. Analyses revealed that men and women differed in their associations between stressor-focused rumination and diurnal cortisol. Women with higher levels of stressor-focused rumination displayed flatter diurnal cortisol slopes, whereas the opposite pattern was observed in men. No such associations were observed for brooding rumination. Neither rumination measure was directly associated with diurnal cortisol. These findings suggest that women who engage in higher levels of stressor-focused rumination display altered diurnal cortisol in daily life, but not men.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20836,"journal":{"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 107517"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of enkephalinergic system in the reproductive stress response of the gecko Hemidactylus frenatus","authors":"Ananya Ganeyan,&nbsp;C.B. Ganesh","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enkephalins are recognised for their role in regulating various physiological functions, including reproduction in vertebrates. Nonetheless, the functional importance of the two forms of enkephalins, methionine-enkephalin (M-ENK) and leucine-enkephalin (L-ENK), remains inadequately understood in the context of the reproductive stress response in reptiles. In the first experiment, we subjected the lizards to various stressors (handling, chasing, noise, and confinement) and assessed the response of enkephalinergic system in the brain and pituitary gland. In the second experiment, stressed lizards were treated with mu or delta opioid receptor antagonists. Exposure of lizards during the early recrudescence phase of the seasonal ovarian cycle resulted in a significant increase in proenkephalin mRNA levels in the brain. This was accompanied by a marked rise in the percentage area of M-ENK and L-ENK immunoreactivity in the hypothalamic regions, median eminence (ME), and pars distalis of the pituitary gland (PD), compared to controls. In the second experiment, the administration of mu or delta opioid receptor antagonists, naltrexone or naltrindole, respectively, reinstated the stress-induced reduction of gonadotropin-releasing hormone immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus, ME, and PD. These treatments also restored the presence of stage IV and V (vitellogenic) follicles, which were absent in the stress-only group. The findings for the first time indicate the activation of enkephalinergic system in the hypothalamus, ME, and PD during the stress response and suggest that the stress-induced suppression of the seasonal ovarian recrudescence phase is attenuated through the administration of mu or delta opioid receptor antagonists in reptiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20836,"journal":{"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 107518"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the association between lower serum BDNF levels and delayed-onset PTSD in physically injured patients with vulnerable personality traits: A two-year prospective study","authors":"Jae-Min Kim ,&nbsp;Hee-Ju Kang ,&nbsp;Ju-Wan Kim ,&nbsp;Ju-Yeon Lee ,&nbsp;Hyunseok Jang ,&nbsp;Jung-Chul Kim ,&nbsp;Sung-Wan Kim ,&nbsp;Il-Seon Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This longitudinal study investigated the relationships among serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (sBDNF) levels, personality types, and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), distinguishing between earlier- and delayed-onset PTSD over two years in individuals with physical injuries. A total of 895 adults with moderate to severe injuries were recruited from a trauma center and assessed within one month post-injury. Baseline evaluations included sBDNF measurements and personality assessments using the Big Five Inventory-10, which classified participants as having either resilient or vulnerable personality types. Comprehensive socio-demographic and clinical data were also gathered. PTSD diagnoses were made at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-injury using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5, with logistic regression analyses exploring the interactions among sBDNF levels, personality types, and PTSD onset. Of the total sample, 107 individuals (11.9 %) developed PTSD—76 (8.4 %) with earlier-onset and 31 (3.5 %) with delayed-onset PTSD. Lower sBDNF levels significantly predicted delayed-onset PTSD in those with a vulnerable personality type (N = 15). This finding was not detected in individuals with resilient personality traits (N = 16) or those with earlier-onset PTSD (N = 76). The findings suggest the intricate interplay between neurobiological vulnerabilities (sBDNF levels) and psychological predispositions (vulnerable personality types) in the genesis of PTSD, potentially deepening the understanding of PTSD etiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20836,"journal":{"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 107514"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity, low-grade inflammation, and psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults in England","authors":"Martin N. Danka ,&nbsp;Andrew Steptoe ,&nbsp;Eleonora Iob","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Depression and anxiety impose a significant burden on older adults. While the protective effects of physical activity (PA) are well-documented, less is known about the interplay between PA, low-grade inflammation, and mental health. Biobehavioural mechanisms underpinning mental health may become more prominent when encountering novel stressors, which were particularly prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Leveraging data of a national sample of older adults from England, this study tested (1) if pre-pandemic PA and its changes during the pandemic were associated with mental health responses; (2) if older adults with low-grade inflammation experienced greater increases in depression and anxiety, compared to pre-pandemic levels; (3) if PA attenuated the inflammation-mental health associations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a cohort study following a national sample aged 50 + (N = 5829). Information on mental health and PA was collected before the pandemic (2016/17 and 2018/19) and during November and December 2020. Inflammation was ascertained using pre-pandemic C-reactive protein (CRP). Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic and health-related factors and pre-pandemic mental health.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Increasing PA from before to during the pandemic was linked to reduced odds of depression (<em>OR</em> = 0.955, 95 % <em>CI</em> [0.937; 0.974]) and anxiety (<em>OR</em> = 0.954, 95 % <em>CI</em> [0.927; 0.982]). Higher pre-pandemic PA was associated with reduced odds of depression (<em>OR</em> = 0.964, 95 % <em>CI</em> [0.948; 0.981]) and anxiety (<em>OR</em> = 0.976, 95 % <em>CI</em> [0.953; 1.000]), whereas elevated CRP was associated with 1.343 times higher odds of depression (95 % <em>CI</em> [1.100; 1.641]). PA did not attenuate the inflammation-depression association.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings suggest that PA may contribute to psychological resilience against stressful life events among older adults but does not appear to mitigate the adverse effects of systemic inflammation on mental health. Further research is needed to explore the psychobiological pathways underlying this protective mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20836,"journal":{"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 107515"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Placental epigenetic age: Associations with prenatal maternal psychosocial adversities and preschool emotional and behavioral problems","authors":"Peiqi Ye ,&nbsp;Yuyang Shi ,&nbsp;Maiheliyakezi Tuersunniyazi ,&nbsp;Guangzhuang Jing ,&nbsp;Yunhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Huijing Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The link between prenatal psychosocial adversity and offspring behavioral problems is well-established; however, the underlying pathways are still being explored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data was a random sample from the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort including women enrolled at early pregnancy and followed children 3–6 years old. The current study comprised 82 mother-offspring dyads based on the availability of placental DNA methylation. A cumulative number of maternal psychosocial adversities was the primary exposure, including socioeconomic, mental conditions, behavioral lifestyle, and physical disorders. Individual adversity components were analyzed as secondary exposures. Placental epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) derived from the difference between epigenetic age and gestational age at birth. Emotional and behavioral problems for preschool children were assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mothers who faced two to four psychosocial adversities, or at least five adversities, exhibited 1.51 weeks (95 % CI: 0.66–2.36) and 1.67 weeks (95 % CI: 0.87–2.47) of EAA, respectively, compared to those without or one adversity. Maternal prenatal high-level stress, depression symptoms, occupational hazards, poor sleep quality, GDM were associated with placental EAA. Placental EAA was positively associated with preschool greater emotional and behavioral problems, especially in boys. The mediated proportion of EAA was 13.8 %, 21.3 % for the association of psychosocial adversities with total difficulties and internalizing problems.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Prenatal maternal psychosocial adversities would accelerate placental epigenetic age, which would increase preschool emotional and behavioral problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20836,"journal":{"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 107516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of positive states of mind and heart rate variability: Stress appraisals as a mechanism in trauma-exposed adults","authors":"Sharon Y. Lee ,&nbsp;Emily C. Gathright ,&nbsp;Burak T. Cilhoroz ,&nbsp;Salter C. Arms ,&nbsp;Linda S. Pescatello ,&nbsp;Crystal L. Park","doi":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While interest in the potentially salutary effects of positive well-being on cardiovascular health is increasing, we know relatively little about how positive states of mind affect cognitive and cardiovascular responses to stress in trauma survivors. We conducted a laboratory-based study with 84 adult trauma survivors to test the following hypotheses: (1) Greater positive states of mind will be associated with higher challenge appraisal, lower threat appraisal, and higher heart rate variability (HRV), controlling for posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) severity; (2) higher challenge appraisal and lower threat appraisal will mediate the association between greater positive states of mind and higher HRV, controlling for PTSS severity and body mass index (BMI). We conducted mediation analyses with 95 % confidence intervals and 5000 bootstrap samples to test threat and challenge appraisals as mediators of the relationships of positive states of mind with HRV responses to stress. Stronger appraisal of challenge mediated the effects of more positive states of mind on lower LF (nu) during recovery, controlling for PTSS and BMI. Threat appraisal was not a significant mediator of any association between positive states of mind and HRV reactivity or recovery. Our findings suggest that challenge appraisal may explain the association between greater positive states of mind and lower sympathetic arousal during recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20836,"journal":{"name":"Psychoneuroendocrinology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 107503"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}