Elena Buratti , Andrea Odoardo , Andrea D'Iorio , Matteo Calosi , Serena Doni , Tommaso Barbieri , Andrea Balbo , Monica Bertoldo
{"title":"Bio-based poly(ester-urethane) coatings for paper: Effect of cutin oligoester esterification degree on functional properties","authors":"Elena Buratti , Andrea Odoardo , Andrea D'Iorio , Matteo Calosi , Serena Doni , Tommaso Barbieri , Andrea Balbo , Monica Bertoldo","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based packaging materials has renewed interest in paper substrates. Cutin, a natural polyester found in plant cuticle, offers promising properties such as hydrophobicity and low gas permeability, making it an appealing component to formulate paper coatings. In this study, poly(ester-urethane) (PU) coatings derived from cutin extracted from tomato peels were investigated as sustainable barrier layers. The synthesis was accomplished in two steps: cutin monomers obtained by a hydrolytic extraction were at first esterified with 1,4-butanediol and then polymerized by addition with isophorone diisocyanate. Importantly, the reaction parameters, particularly the reaction time in the first esterification step, were systematically optimized to obtain three formulations (PU30, PU38, PU50) with distinct esterification degrees (30, 38, and 50 %, respectively). The thermal stability by TGA analysis of the resulting PUx was little affected by the preparation procedure, while the glass transition temperature (Tg) was found to decrease of several degrees when the esterification degree increased. All the three formulations could be applied onto two different paper substrates: a standard paper for printing (Pp) and a single face coated paper (Gp) for packaging application. SEM analysis showed superior coverage and adhesion on Gp, and barrier tests confirmed improved resistance to water and grease, especially with PU30. Biodegradability and recyclability assessments demonstrated that PU30 maintained a favorable balance between functional performance and environmental compatibility, in contrast to PU38 and PU50, which significantly hindered these properties. Overall, the results highlight the potential of PU30 coatings as a viable, bio-based solution for enhancing paper packaging sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109946"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Xu , Wissal Mahfoudi , JunYan Yang , Jiadi Lian , Tie Zhang
{"title":"A durable, superhydrophobic TiO2/fluorinated graphene composite coating for enhanced antibiofouling and mechanical stability","authors":"Jing Xu , Wissal Mahfoudi , JunYan Yang , Jiadi Lian , Tie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formation of surface biofilms poses a major threat in biomedical and industrial environments, leading to chronic infections, device malfunction, and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. To prevent initial microbial adhesion and biofilm development, the design of durable antibacterial and antifouling surfaces is therefore essential. In this study, a superhydrophobic titanium dioxide–fluorinated graphene (TiO<sub>2</sub>@FG, abbreviated as TFG) composite coating was fabricated via a simple one-step spraying technique. Leveraging the strong particle-adsorption capability of the FG surface, the issue of metal nanoparticle aggregation within the coating was effectively addressed. The resulting TFG coating possesses ultra-low surface energy and a stable micro-nano hierarchical architecture, which synergistically confer long-term antifouling efficacy. Quantitative assessments revealed a 77.9% reduction in protein adsorption after 12 h and sustained bacterial adhesion resistance below 20% even after 120 h on the TFG surface, compared to unmodified stainless steel. Furthermore, the coating exhibited exceptional mechanical robustness, retaining a water contact angle above 150° and an adhesion force under 30 μN after repeated abrasion. Under a friction test at 12 MPa for 30 min, the low friction coefficient stabilized at 0.08. These superior properties are attributed to the synergistic effect between TiO<sub>2</sub> “pinning” and FG self-lubrication within the surface-hierarchical microstructure. The TFG coating a offers promising pathway toward the development of durable, non-fouling, and mechanically stable surfaces for biomedical implants, food-contact applications, and hygiene-critical public facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109953"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multilayer composite yarn with graphene and carbon nanotubes for electrothermal-induced thermochromism","authors":"Zichen Zheng , Minjie Xu , Jinfeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To endow flexible electronics with multifunctionality, we report a hierarchical strategy that synergizes structural design with functional integration. Graphene (Gr) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were judiciously chosen as dual conductive fillers and co-assembled with thermochromic pigments to yield composite conductive yarns capable of both electrothermal regulation and electrochromic behavior. The Gr/MWCNT hybrid network outperforms either constituent alone, cutting resistance by as much as 69.5%. Under a 4 V bias, the equilibrium temperature differential among samples reaches 4.4 °C, and the optimal ink formulation is achieved at a Gr: MWCNT mass ratio of 2:1.</div><div>Employing a 30-tex fine-yarn architecture with double-layer wrapping, cotton fibers fully encapsulate the conductive core, while the incorporation of 25 wt% waterborne polyurethane (WPU) imparts superior film-formability. The resulting electrochromic composite yarn (ECYs-CCY) exhibits a tensile strength of 14.94 <em>N</em> and an elongation at break of 24.87%. The ECYs-SGCCY variant reaches steady-state temperature within 20 <em>s</em> and recovers to ambient within 15 <em>s</em>. After 200 mechanical deformation cycles and 7 electrothermal ON–OFF cycles, its electrothermal performance remains unaltered. Reversible, rapid electrochromic switching is retained, with both surface colour and chromic stability impervious to repeated deformation. This work establishes a robust material platform and scalable fabrication route for next-generation electrothermal and smart textiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109992"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengying Zhao , Xiaoqiang Fan , Zhongpan Zhang , Huixian Yang , Zhizhan Dong , Xiaoguang Sun , Minhao Zhu
{"title":"Lithium composite grease reinforced polyurea composite coating toward anti-friction and impact wear resistance","authors":"Mengying Zhao , Xiaoqiang Fan , Zhongpan Zhang , Huixian Yang , Zhizhan Dong , Xiaoguang Sun , Minhao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Introducing self-lubricating microdrops into a resin matrix is an effective strategy for developing advanced materials that combine efficient lubrication with durable impact wear resistance. In this paper, we prepared self-lubricating composite coatings (PU/LCG) by dispersing lithium composite grease (LCG) microdrops into a polyurea (PU) resin matrix. X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) revealed a three-dimensional network of PU-encapsulated LCG microdrops, which significantly enhanced lubrication efficiency and reduced oil depletion. The PU/LCG-10% coating showed dramatically improved tribological performance, with a 90.6% lower coefficient of friction and a 79.8% lower wear rate than the pure PU coating. Homogeneously dispersed, optimally sized LCG microdrops enable responsive oil release, forming a lubricating film at the friction interface. The PU/LCG-10% coating also exhibited high toughness (8.11 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>) and a minimal impact wear track diameter (1.09 mm), indicating effective resistance to operational impact wear. Impact wear resistance arises from energy absorption and stress dispersion during oil release, mitigating plastic deformation. This synergistic design makes PU/LCG coatings promising for various self-lubricating mechanical systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109959"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zizhao Li , Chijie Guo , Yu Chen , Yao Gu , Ren Liu , Jing Luo
{"title":"One-pot facile synthesis of TiO2 hollow microspheres via photo-polymerization for thermal-insulation coatings","authors":"Zizhao Li , Chijie Guo , Yu Chen , Yao Gu , Ren Liu , Jing Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a facile and rapid one-pot strategy combining photopolymerization with phase separation was developed for the preparation of TiO<sub>2</sub>@polymer hollow microspheres (TiO<sub>2</sub>@PHMS), designed as multifunctional fillers for high-performance thermal-insulation coatings. By systematically optimizing the efficiency of photo-initiator and tuning the surface hydrophobicity of TiO<sub>2</sub> particles, well-defined hollow microspheres with a robust polymer shell embedded with TiO<sub>2</sub> <!--> were successfully fabricated at ambient temperature within several minutes. The resulting TiO₂@PHMS endowed the composite coating with a superior thermal insulation capability through a dual mechanism: the hollow core provides a thermal barrier, while the embedded TiO₂ offers strong solar reflection. Under optimal conditions, the coating formulated with TiO<sub>2</sub>@PHMS exhibited a 74% higher solar reflectance and an almost 50% lower thermal conductivity compared to pure resin coating. This synergistic effect of thermal barrier and solar reflection resulted in a maximum temperature difference (ΔT) of 22.4 °C in a simulated insulation test. This study presents an energy-efficient and scalable method for producing advanced fillers for next-generation energy-saving and durable architectural coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109967"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Ou , Yifan Fang , Sirui Han , Chen Liu , Long Wang , Dongsheng Li , Feng Zhou , Jianxi Liu
{"title":"Thermally induced crystallinity modulation in polycaprolactone reinforced epoxy coating for enhanced tribological performance","authors":"Yang Ou , Yifan Fang , Sirui Han , Chen Liu , Long Wang , Dongsheng Li , Feng Zhou , Jianxi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epoxy protective coatings have garnered significant attention due to their cost-effectiveness, ease of application, and tunable properties for protecting diverse substrates. However, their broader application and long-term performance are limited by inherent brittleness and suboptimal tribological properties of epoxy resins. In this study, we addressed these challenges by developing a composite coating through strategic incorporation of polycaprolactone (PCL) into epoxy resin followed by controlled thermal treatment. The crystallinity of PCL was regulated by systematically optimizing thermal treatment parameters, including temperature, holding duration, and cooling rate. The flexible PCL molecular chains enhance toughness through energy dissipation via chain slippage, while the crystalline domains increase surface hardness and reduce adhesive wear. Specifically, at the optimal thermal treatment temperature of 140 °C, the PCL/EP coating achieved an ideal mechanical property, demonstrating a reduced coefficient of friction of 0.11 (83.1 % reduction) and an extremely low wear rate of 1.17 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>·N<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−1</sup> (99.6 % reduction). This work presents a strategy for improving the tribological performance of epoxy coatings using PCL. The superior tribological performance of the self-lubricating coating makes it suitable for a wide range of engineering applications, with the potential for extended durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109923"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xueming Sun , Jiahong Wei , Wenkai Cao , Weihua Li
{"title":"Metal-organic frameworks-based smart anti-corrosion composite coatings: Recent advances, mechanisms, and future perspectives","authors":"Xueming Sun , Jiahong Wei , Wenkai Cao , Weihua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal corrosion poses a major threat to industrial safety and economic sustainability. Micropores and cracks in conventional protective coatings cause localized failure of the coatings, thus, there is an urgent need for smart anti-corrosion coatings that go beyond the limitations of conventional protection. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are regarded as ideal materials for constructing intelligent anti-corrosion composite coatings due to their tunable porosity, rich structural diversity, and excellent functional adaptability. In this paper, we systematically explore the dual passive/active protection mechanisms realized by MOFs-based smart anti-corrosion composite coatings, review recent research advances, including active/passive synergistic protective composite coatings, multifunctional systems (e.g., superhydrophobic self-cleaning and anti-corrosion composite coatings, self-warning and anti-corrosion composite coatings, anti-biofouling and anti-corrosion composite coatings, anti-icing and anti-corrosion composite coatings). Furthermore, this article also discusses a series of challenges that MOFs encounter in their applications, including stability, scale-up production, smart response composite coatings, green sustainability optimization, and multiple functions synergy. Finally, this paper suggests that future research should integrate multiple disciplinary approaches such as materials science, chemical engineering, and artificial intelligence to facilitate the transition of MOF coatings from the laboratory to practical applications, thereby providing a new paradigm for the development of a new generation of metal corrosion protection technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109902"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A crosslinked amphiphilic degradable antifouling coating with long-lasting underwater stability and controlled release of isothiazolinone","authors":"Xiaoyue Liang , Chunju He","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-polishing marine antifouling coatings, limited by the passive surface renewability and uncontrollable release of biocides, suffer from scarce static long-term fouling resistance. Herein, a multifunctional antifouling coating is developed by the chemically cross-linking of isothiazolinone-functionalized polycaprolactone derivative with triethoxysilyl-functionalized amphiphilic copolymer. The resulting coating enhances its resistance to <em>P. tricornutum</em> attachment by 99.9 % compared to the commercial self-polishing coating through integrating two antifouling modes. The chemically heterogeneous and nanoscale complex morphology surface formed by the amphiphilic component inhibits the initial adhesion of fouling in passive-static mode. Meanwhile, the self-renewable surface formed by the spontaneous degradation of the coating detaches fouling and controlled release of isothiazolinone kills fouling organisms in active-dynamic mode. And the cumulative release amount of antifoulants is only 1/20 of that introduced by physical doping, thus significantly reducing environmental hazards. More importantly, the resulting coating still exhibits excellent antifouling performance even after degradation. This work presents a novel synergistic strategy for sustainable surface protection against biofouling, paving the way for next-generation antifouling marine coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109945"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Liquid-like surface of waterborne polyurethane as a dual-function anti-smudge and anti-corrosion coating","authors":"Yan Bao, Chuang Fu, Wenbo Zhang, Renhao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid-like surfaces (LLS), as novel bioinspired interfacial material, overcome the limitations of traditional superhydrophobic surfaces (SHPS) and slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS), which rely excessively on micro-nano structures or external lubricants. This study utilizes NP-GLIDE (nano-pools of a grafted liquid ingredient for dewetting enablement) technology to construct LLS on a waterborne polyurethane (WPU) substrate, endowing the surface with excellent anti-smudge and anti-corrosion properties. The coating was synthesized by covalent grafting polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) onto the polyurethane backbone, followed by dual crosslinking using cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) as an internal cross-linker and hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM) as an external crosslinker. This process significantly reduces the surface energy of the coating from 50.87 mJ/m<sup>2</sup> to 23.61 mJ/m<sup>2</sup>, while achieving a maximum tensile strength of 53.0 MPa and an elongation at break of 469 %. The optimized coating exhibits a water sliding angle (SA) and contact angle hysteresis (CAH) of approximately 18.5° and 7.5°, respectively, which can repel water, oil, coffee, and ink while maintaining a high optical transmittance of over 90 %. Furthermore, the coating demonstrates outstanding corrosion resistance in neutral salt spray (NSS) tests. This study presents a WPU with a liquid-like surface that combines liquid repellency, mechanical resilience, and chemical stability, making it suitable for various industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109941"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sirui Han , Cheng Ke , Yang Wu , Bo Yu , Xianzong Wang , Long Wang , Dongsheng Li , Feng Zhou , Jianxi Liu
{"title":"Bifunctional inhibitors of benzotriazole-loaded Ce-MOFs advanced anti-corrosion of epoxy coating","authors":"Sirui Han , Cheng Ke , Yang Wu , Bo Yu , Xianzong Wang , Long Wang , Dongsheng Li , Feng Zhou , Jianxi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The addition of corrosion inhibitors to epoxy resin coatings is an effective strategy of preventing corrosion process of the substrate. However, the anti-corrosion performance of epoxy resin coatings is not satisfactory in terms of long period of time, owing to the leaking out of corrosion inhibitors. In this paper, we present a composite epoxy resin coating with enhanced long-term anti-corrosion performance, achieved through the synergistic combination of inorganic and organic corrosion inhibitors that refer to metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with controlled loading of benzotriazole (BTA). The complexation of the inorganic corrosion inhibitor Ce<sup>4+</sup> within the UiO-67 structure (UiO-67-Ce) is accomplished by partially substituting organic ligands with Ce-coordinated 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylic acid (Bpydc-Ce). Then, organic corrosion inhibitor BTA is further incorporated into the UiO-67-Ce@BTA by solvent loading process. The organic and inorganic inhibitors-loaded MOFs are dispersed in the epoxy matrix to fabricate anti-corrosion coatings via spraying-coating method. The UiO-67-Ce@BTA/epoxy coating exhibits high corrosion inhibition efficiency (99.95 %), due to efficient release of the bifunctional inhibitors. Additionally, scratch test of the UiO-67-Ce@BTA/epoxy coating demonstrates active corrosion protection performance, which can effectively mitigate localized corrosion. Therefore, we establish an organic-inorganic synergistic anti-corrosion strategy using UiO-67-Ce@BTA as functional nanofillers, offering promising strategy for corrosion protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109952"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}