Luis Heller , Søren Kiil , A. Catarina C. Esteves , Kim Dam-Johansen
{"title":"The role of pigments in self-stratifying epoxy/silicone coatings","authors":"Luis Heller , Søren Kiil , A. Catarina C. Esteves , Kim Dam-Johansen","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of pigments in self-stratifying coatings represents a critical step towards the industrial realization of this technology. However, the role of pigments in the self-stratification process and the parameters determining their positioning in the coating remain to be fully elucidated. This work systematically studies eight different pigments in an epoxy/silicone-based coating composition for their effects on stratification and final distribution across coating and interfaces. The key processing parameters investigated included: the binder phase in which the pigment was initially dispersed (epoxy or silicone phase), pigment concentration, binder phase mixing ratio, and applied film thickness. Rheological measurements of the binder phases upon pigmentation, cross-sectional coating analyses, particle characterization and surface energy studies of the pigments and binder phases were conducted.</div><div>Pigments, when originally dispersed into the epoxy phase, were always retained in this phase. Self-stratification was strongly determined by pigment-induced rheological changes of the epoxy phase, which varied with pigment type and concentration. Moreover, the addition of wetting and dispersing additives or organic solvents exhibited a positive effect on film formation. Conversely, self-stratification was worse overall when pigments were initially incorporated into the silicone phase. Depending on the pigment type, this was due to migration of pigments to the epoxy phase or their adsorption at the interface of the binder phases. These unexpected dependent phenomena are concluded to be an interplay between interfacial interactions between the binder phases and the pigment particles, which lead to preferential wetting behavior, and the kinetics of the binder phase displacement at the pigment surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109713"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mass transfer as a proxy for hydrophobic coating durability","authors":"Ishrat Zarin , Alireza Bakhshi , Muhammad Jahidul Hoque , Vishwanath Ganesan , Tarandeep Singh Thukral , Mohammad Jalal Inanlu , Nenad Miljkovic","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Durable hydrophobic coatings are essential in energy, corrosion protection, and barrier applications, but their long-term evaluation often requires months or years of testing. Here, we demonstrate a rapid, facile method for assessing hydrophobic coating durability using dissolvable substrates immersed in hot water as a surrogate for highly accelerated lifetime testing (HALT). Parylene C was deposited on sugar cubes of varying thicknesses, and the temporal evolution of sample mass was monitored to capture water diffusion, absorption, and subsequent dissolution dynamics. Analysis of the early-stage mass gain enabled extraction of diffusion coefficients, while dissolution onset provided a direct metric of coating performance. Comparisons with year-long condensation durability experiments revealed that dissolution time correlates strongly with coating lifetime, even when diffusion coefficients alone do not. These results highlight that substrate-dependent defects such as pinhole density, in conjunction with diffusion, govern long-term performance. The presented framework offers a generalizable, low-cost approach to rapidly screen hydrophobic polymer coatings and optimize thickness for applications requiring both water repellency and durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109706"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improving the properties of carbonated soybean oil-based non-isocyanate polyhydroxyurethane networks: Copolymerization versus hybridization with epoxy resin","authors":"Nahikari Martin-Larrañaga , Iker Razquin , Nora Aranburu , Oihane Sanz , Alba Gonzalez , Lourdes Irusta","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbonated soybean oil bio-based polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) produced without isocyanates often have inferior properties compared to their traditional isocyanate-based counterparts. To improve these properties, this study presents two strategies: copolymerization with other carbonated monomers and hybridization with epoxy monomers. Carbonated soybean oil (CSBO) and trimethylolpropane triglycidyl carbonate (TMPTC) were synthesized using the corresponding epoxidized monomers and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). Various compositions polyhydroxyurethane (co)polymers were then prepared by an aminolysis reaction at 80 °C. CSBO/epoxy hybrids were also prepared by curing the samples with amines, first at room temperature and then at 80 °C. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel content experiments showed that high conversion was achieved in both systems. Notably, the hybrid polymers exhibited a broader range of mechanical properties compared to the non-isocyanate polyurethane copolymers (NIPUs). Thus, the hybridization of CSBO with epoxy compounds offers a sustainable approach for the development of materials with different mechanical and barrier properties that can be customized for coating applications. While similar approaches have been individually studied, a direct comparison of their effectiveness within the same system remains unexplored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109716"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao Liu , Aihua Tang , Weixiang Xu , Dongxu Li , Qingsong Wu , Yizhang Yang , Yiting Xu , Birong Zeng , Conghui Yuan , Lizong Dai
{"title":"Fabrication of multifunctional coating with anti-corrosion, weather-resistance and self-healing for Q235 steel via soft-hard hybrid architecture","authors":"Hao Liu , Aihua Tang , Weixiang Xu , Dongxu Li , Qingsong Wu , Yizhang Yang , Yiting Xu , Birong Zeng , Conghui Yuan , Lizong Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A persistent pursuit in marine materials science is the development of strong and tough efficient anti-corrosion coatings for metal protection. Unfortunately, coating was universally challenged to balance the hardness and flexibility. Herein, this paper proposed a “soft-hard” hybrid structural strategy to integrate these properties. The coating was fabricated by embedding “hard” epoxy resins (EP) into “soft” polyurethane (PU), wherein EP cured by 4′-(p-ethanediamine phenyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine. Diels-Alder dynamic bond, hydroxy terminated polydimethylsiloxane and functionalized boron nitride were introduced into to impart self-healing properties, hydrophobic and anti-corrosion performance. Prepared coated sample (PUSi3FET3BN) had superior hydrophobicity (114°), flexibility (43 MJ⋅m<sup>−3</sup>) and corrosion resistance (5 × 10<sup>7</sup> Ω·cm<sup>2</sup> after 28 days immersion). Moreover, PUSi3FET3BN sample demonstrated excellent weathering resistance and self-healing, allowed damaged samples healed at 100 °C for 60 min. This ingenious strategy provides valuable insights for development of multifunctional coatings, especially for protecting equipment in extremely harsh environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109714"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lin Cao , Ruzheng Wang , Wei Wang , Xu Yuan , Jijun Wei , Dongxiao Han , Ye Chen , Yantong Pei , Wen Li , Shougang Chen
{"title":"Anisotropic LDH/PVDF nanofiber coatings with combined corrosion inhibition and chloride capture for enhanced barrier protection of Q235 steels","authors":"Lin Cao , Ruzheng Wang , Wei Wang , Xu Yuan , Jijun Wei , Dongxiao Han , Ye Chen , Yantong Pei , Wen Li , Shougang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term corrosion protection of steel is critical for epoxy coatings in marine environments. In this study, electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers were functionalized with Mg<img>Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets and intercalated with 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) to fabricate PVDF/LDH@8-HQ nanofibers. The resulting system achieved an inhibitor loading of 14.6 wt% and a chloride ion adsorption capacity of 9.80 mmol/g, enabling both active inhibition and ion capture. When incorporated into an epoxy matrix, the nanofibers enhanced coating toughness, adhesion strength, and barrier properties. After 90 days of immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl, the composite coating maintained a low-frequency impedance modulus above 10<sup>8</sup> Ω·cm<sup>2</sup>. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, OCP monitoring, and SKP analysis revealed reduced delamination and suppressed corrosion at the coating/substrate interface. The improved performance was attributed to the synergistic effects of nanofiber reinforcement, anion exchange capacity of LDH, and controlled release of 8-HQ. This work presents a versatile strategy for developing durable, smart anti-corrosion coatings suitable for harsh marine conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109709"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Tan , Peiyi Zhao , Lei Guo , Lei Zhu , Hassane Lgaz , Amir Mahmoud Makin Adam
{"title":"Spent coffee grounds-derived N-doped carbon dots as efficient green corrosion inhibitors for Q235 steel in acidic environment","authors":"Yan Tan , Peiyi Zhao , Lei Guo , Lei Zhu , Hassane Lgaz , Amir Mahmoud Makin Adam","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dots (CDs) are gaining considerable attention as green corrosion inhibitors, due to their eco-friendly nature and sustainable production methods. In this study, CDs were synthesized via the hydrothermal method using biomass waste, spent coffee grounds, as a carbon source, with polyaspartic acid as a nitrogen doping source. The chemical composition, fluorescence properties, and morphology of the synthesized spent coffee grounds-derived N-doped carbon dots (GCDs) were deeply characterized. Moreover, Electrochemical analysis and weight loss experiments were conducted to investigate the corrosion inhibition performance on Q235 steel in 1 M HCl. Our findings indicated that at a concentration of 10 mg/L, the corrosion inhibition efficiency reached 93.9 %. Additionally, the GCDs acted as mixed-type corrosion inhibitors, and the adsorption behavior was confirmed to the Langmuir adsorption model, where GCDs formed a stable protective film on the steel surface through chemical coordination with Fe atoms, thereby enhancing corrosion resistance. This work offers valuable insights into the development of environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors to enrich their related applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109700"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revolutionizing corrosion protection: MXenes as next-generation materials for sustainable and high-performance solutions","authors":"Ehsan Vafa , Reza Bazarganlari , Hengameh Honarkar , Lobat Tayebi , Peyman Asadi , Ali Mohammad Amani , Hesam Kamyab , Saravanan Rajendran , Tayebeh Khademi , Sareh Mosleh-Shirazi","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corrosion is a pervasive problem that has spurred the development of innovative materials and technologies aimed at mitigating its impact across industries worldwide. MXenes, a rapidly growing family of 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, have emerged as promising candidates for corrosion protection due to their exceptional properties, including high surface area, mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and tunable surface chemistry. This review highlights the diverse applications of MXenes in corrosion science, particularly their use as corrosion-resistant coatings, inhibitors, and sensors. We emphasize the key properties, such as barrier performance, electrochemical activity, and the ability to form protective layers, that make MXenes highly effective in combating corrosion. Specific applications, including their role in composite coatings, self-healing systems, and multifunctional inhibitors in both acidic and alkaline environments, are discussed. Additionally, the potential in electrochemical corrosion monitoring and the mitigation of specific corrosion types, such as pitting and high-temperature corrosion, were explored. While these applications demonstrate promising performance, further research is needed to address challenges related to stability, scalability, and environmental impact. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current MXene-based corrosion protection technologies, aiming to inspire further innovation and advance the practical application of MXenes in addressing one of the most significant challenges in materials science today.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109715"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Sun , Liping Yuan , Liandon Tang , Youhua Fan , Jiajing Yu , Jianzheng Qiao , Zizhi Huang
{"title":"Synergistic flame retardancy and thermal insulation properties of silicotungstic acid intercalated ZnAl-LDH with IFRs on epoxy-polyamide coatings","authors":"Yi Sun , Liping Yuan , Liandon Tang , Youhua Fan , Jiajing Yu , Jianzheng Qiao , Zizhi Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epoxy resin, known for its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and dimensional stability, has been widely employed in advanced electronic packaging, high-performance coatings, and aerospace engineering. However, its inherent flammability has limited its applications. To address this issue, a ZnAl-NO<sub>3</sub>-LDH was synthesized via co-precipitation and subsequently modified by ion-exchange intercalation with [SiW<sub>12</sub>O<sub>40</sub>]<sup>4−</sup> to form ZnAl-SiW<sub>12</sub>O<sub>40</sub>-LDH (SiW-LDH). The obtained SiW-LDH was then combined with AMP intumescent flame retardants composed of APP, MEL, and PER to enhance the fire resistance properties of the epoxy–polyamide resin (EP). The resulting 2 %SiW-LDH/AMP/EP coatings containing 24.5 wt% AMP and 2 wt% SiW-LDH exhibited excellent flame-retardant properties, achieving an LOI value of 35.3 % and a UL-94 V-0 rating. Additionally, the total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) recorded during cone calorimeter tests decreased by 69.7 % and 70.9 %, respectively. Moreover, further analysis of the residual char of SiW-LDH/AMP/EP demonstrated that the catalytic carbonization co-effect of AMP and SiW-LDH promoted the formation of a dense and continuous char layer with aromatic structures containing Al<img>O, W<img>O, Si<img>O, W<img>C, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, P–O–C, and P<img>N moieties. Notably, these structures enhanced the flame retardancy, smoke suppression, charring, and thermal insulation properties of the EP. These properties also originated from the dilution of non-combustible gases and the heat-absorbing action upon the thermal decomposition of SiW-LDH/AMP during combustion. Overall, these results demonstrate that the incorporation of SiW-LDH and AMP into epoxy matrices effectively enhances the flame retardancy and thermal insulation properties of polymer systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109707"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent advances in hydrophilic polymeric coatings for antifogging","authors":"Chungryong Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fog formation on transparent surfaces due to the condensation of water droplets significantly impairs visibility and functionality in applications ranging from optical devices to automotive glazing. Hydrophilic anti-fogging coatings, which function by spreading condensed water into a uniform film, have gained considerable attention because of their passive, energy-free operation. Polymer-based systems offer significant advantages in terms of processability, tunability, durability, and compatibility with various substrates. This review summarizes recent advances in hydrophilic polymeric antifogging materials, with a focus on surface modification strategies, durability enhancement through chemical crosslinking and hybridization, and the integration of additional functionalities, such as self-healing, antibacterial activity, and solar modulation. Challenges related to long-term stability, environmental resistance, and scalability are also addressed. Finally, future research directions for the development of multifunctional, robust, and sustainable antifogging systems are proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109711"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chuanying Wei , Xianhui Zhang , Yajun Deng , Bo Wu , Jianhua Wu
{"title":"Antifouling behaviour of pH responsive amphiphilic smart coatings on the basis of charge conversion in the marine environments","authors":"Chuanying Wei , Xianhui Zhang , Yajun Deng , Bo Wu , Jianhua Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to complex marine fouling issues, this study developed pH-responsive amphiphilic antifouling coatings (PDHM) synthesized via condensation reactions between protonated zwitterionic-tertiary amine polymers and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). These amphiphilic coatings demonstrate pH-responsive surface charge transitions governed by protonation equilibria. Under seawater conditions (pH ∼ 8.3), the PDHM surface exhibits negative charge enrichment, synergizing with a hydrated interfacial layer to impede biofouling adhesion. Subsequent surface acidification induced by colonizing organisms triggers protonation of tertiary amines, converting the surface charge to positive. This transition disrupts fouling organism viability and promotes release under hydrodynamic shear forces. Relative to PDMS, PDHM coatings achieved 99.54 % and 99.59 % reduction in bacterial adhesion (<em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>P. ruthenica</em>, respectively), alongside a 98.23 % reduction in algal adhesion (<em>P. ruthenica</em>). Marine field evaluations in the East China Sea confirmed sustained antifouling efficacy for 180 days. Furthermore, 16S rDNA analysis revealed significantly attenuated biofilm formation and reduced abundance of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) on PDHM surfaces versus PDMS, corroborating its superior antifouling performance. This work establishes a novel methodology for designing smart-responsive marine antifouling coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109701"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}