OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE最新文献

{"title":"Identification of Marine Plastics using Raman Spectroscopy","authors":"E. M. H. Dahl, Andreas Ø. R. Stien, A. Sørensen, E. Davies","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962613","url":null,"abstract":"Plastics have permeated almost every aspect of modern day life with its wide applicability. The tragic consequence is millions of pieces of plastic polluting and harming sea life every day. The road towards a clean sea contains several legs and requires mapping of the ocean water column to determine critical areas. Determining technologies and methods for the detection of microplastics underwater are hence a necessity. Raman spectroscopy is such a technology, in principle able to extract the chemical structure of the object to be viewed by collecting spectral signatures at the point illuminated. This creates the foundation for the research presented in this paper, aiming to cover whether it is possible to classify specific types of microplastics underwater by identifying their respective spectral signatures. Raman spectroscopy has been carried out on three different cases of samples. The first case involves known plastic, ordered from CARAT AS, with the purpose of creating the foundation of a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model. The second case holds the same base but includes drops of water on top of the original sample. This case provided data for testing the prediction of the PLS-DA model. The third case includes raw plastic pieces, collected from the sea outside Svolvær, Lofoten. The measurements of these samples create the grounds for the last test-set. The results suggest that the method can classify microplastic correctly, both in water and sea-influenced pieces. However, the specific spectra cannot vary too much as a result of industrial and environmental changes altering the condition of the plastic, and thereby the spectrum. This leaves the mapping and classification method best suited for plastics that recently entered the ocean.","PeriodicalId":208102,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131636100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the CODAR Tsunami Detection Algorithm and Software","authors":"H. Roarty, G. Garcia, Terry Nichols","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962762","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal hazards pose a threat to human life and property around the globe. Tsunami waves and storm surge are some examples of coastal hazards we must try to mitigate over the coming decades. High Frequency radars have emerged as possible technology capable of mitigating the destruction from these hazards by providing early detection of these disturbances out at sea. Rutgers University has worked with CODAR Ocean Sensors by collecting and analyzing data from four HF radar stations for potential tsunami signals from October 2016 to June 2019. CODAR has developed a pattern recognition process to detect the presence of tsunami waves. The output of the process is quantified as an alongshore and cross shore q-factor. If there is a spike in the q-factor measurement then arrival of a tsunami could be imminent. The statistics of the q-factor measurements at the four stations were calculated and compared against the radio noise spectrum and other environmental data like nearby water level and atmospheric pressure. Recently, on May 30, 2019 a weather system moved through the region that generated a small meteotsunami (amplitude 15-30 cm) that was detected by a DART buoy, water level gauges and one of the HF radar stations. The data from all three system covered a large spatial area which allowed us to study the propagation of the wave through the region. The different detection schemes with each technology also allowed us to study the characteristics of the tsunami signal.","PeriodicalId":208102,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133497106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the (im)possibility of color reconstruction in underwater images","authors":"Y. Rzhanov, K. Lowell","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962735","url":null,"abstract":"Color is an important cue in object recognition and classification problems. In underwater imagery, colors distort due to light propagation through an absorbing and scattering medium. Distortions depend on a number of complex phenomena, the most important being wavelength-dependent absorption and sensitivity of sensors in trichromatic cameras. Using a simplified model of spectral profile for various colored objects, we show by means of numerical simulation that for fixed hardware and medium properties there exist many spectral profiles that lead to different recorded colors in air (without absorption) but the same color in water (with absorption). The above implies that the restoration of true and unique colors from trichromatic underwater imagery is not possible.","PeriodicalId":208102,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133687404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Chracterization of the Crew Module Uprighting System for NASA's Orion Crew Module","authors":"Ivan R. Bertaska, T. VanZwieten, J. Mann, B. Connell, Tara S. Radke, Michael A. Bernatovich","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962591","url":null,"abstract":"The Orion Crew Module Uprighting System is a set of five airbags that are responsible for the uprighting of the crew module in the case of an inverted splashdown. A series of tests during the Underway Recovery Test 7 (URT-7) were run in preparation for the Artemis I mission, where the dynamic characterization of the CMUS in an ocean wave environment was performed. A Datawell Waverider DWR-G4 wave buoy was deployed to the characterize the wave environment during these tests. The heave measurements from this buoy were projected to the Orion Crew Module Buoyancy Test Article location by two different methods: (1) directly time-shifting the data, and (2) performing a frequency-domain, phase-shifting operation. Results demonstrate that the phase-shifting operation led to better correlation with the true crew module response to wave excitation as compared with the purely time-shifted method. Additionally, a novel approach to localize an object in a bidirectional wave field based on its heave response is presented and validated with URT-7 data. Given a wave measurement device at a known location, one can estimate the relative distance to another object based solely off its heave response. Results show that if signals have sufficiently good correlation, this method can be used to estimate the relative separation between two objects in the same wave field.","PeriodicalId":208102,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122693567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributing to Long-term Wind Resource Characterization through Buoy-based Observations of Meteorological and Oceanographic Conditions","authors":"A. Gorton, R. Newsom, W. Shaw, Jennifer Draher","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962727","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) supports development of renewable power generation within the U.S. with increasing emphasis on offshore wind energy. This development is currently impeded by a lack of long-term wind observations above the ocean surface at wind turbine rotor plane heights. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) procured two AXYS WindSentinel™ buoys on behalf of DOE to support offshore wind resource assessment. The buoys are available for loan to qualified users according to agency priorities. The Lidar Buoy Loan Program represents an opportunity for organizations with an interest in offshore wind energy to work together with DOE to provide valuable meteorological and oceanographic data to the offshore community that is needed for offshore wind resource characterization. The buoys have already begun to fill observational gaps in offshore winds during long-term deployments off the coasts of Virginia and New Jersey and are scheduled for deployment off the coast of California in 2020. This paper provides an overview of the Lidar Buoy Loan Program, along with highlights of previous deployments, a summary of the upgrades to the lidar systems, and a discussion of the planned activities related to the buoys and the Lidar Buoy Loan Program.","PeriodicalId":208102,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123032699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summary of Some Research Developments by Dr. John Ehrenberg in Fisheries Sonar and Acoustic Telemetry over the Last 3 Decades","authors":"T. Steig, S. Johnston, J. Ehrenberg","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962406","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last 30 years, we have been fortunate to work closely with Dr. John Ehrenberg in the fisheries sonar and acoustic telemetry research fields. With John's passing in the fall of 2018, we felt it was important to honor John's research with this publication. We were involved in multiple research topics with John including: 1) fisheries sonar and telemetry system detectability; 2) characterization of acoustic tag signal types and the estimated detection ranges of these signal types; 3) techniques for studying the behavior of fish in a fixed location; 4) theoretical estimation of position accuracy of acoustic fish tags; and 5) the development of an acoustic tag for sensing and detecting tagged fish predation. This presentation includes summaries of these research topics. For every application of fisheries sonar sampling technique there are several elements that when combined, affect the probability of detecting fish. They broadly include the following: 1) sampling environment; 2) hydroacoustic echo sounder sampling parameters; and 3) the behavior and physiology of fish being monitored. Examples will be presented demonstrating the effect of each of these parameters on the ability to detect fish using fisheries sonar. Recent advancements in the implementation, deployment and analysis of acoustic tag systems include techniques for optimally locating the receiving hydrophones to minimize location errors, the development of acoustic signal waveforms that provide unique target identification, accurate location estimates and optimize detection ranges, as well as the development of tracking algorithms that associate and track the multiple returns from an individual fish. These various techniques will be described. Acoustic telemetry systems are often used to study the movement of fish in a region of interest. A method has been developed for predicting the accuracy of the position estimates provided by acoustic tag systems. This approach provides a method for the direct calculation of the position error as a function of hydrophone geometry, standard deviation of the signal arrival times, and inaccuracies in the assumed sound velocities. This method is independent of the algorithm used to determine the position solution. Multiple acoustic-tag signal-encoding schemes have been implemented for tag systems. The relationship between the various characteristics of acoustic signals transmitted by the tags and the tag-system performance that can be achieved will be presented. Implemented tag signal types impact the ranges at which tags can be detected and uniquely identified, the positional accuracy, as well as the number of unique codes that can be identified. Pulse-repetition period tag encoding schemes have been demonstrated to provide superior tag detection range performance relative to schemes employing binary-encoded bits as part of the transmitter signal. The parametric results presented will assist investigators in their selection of the type of acoust","PeriodicalId":208102,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128434851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grid Value Propositions for Tidal based Generation Resources - a Temporal Analysis","authors":"S. Bhattacharya, Dhruv Bhatnagar, Danielle Preziuso, M. J. Alam, R. O'Neil","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962857","url":null,"abstract":"As the energy sector experiences a paradigm shift towards cleaner and greener generation sources, the need for evaluating the applicability of marine energy for grid-based applications has intensified. This is because marine energy (ocean, wave and tidal) may be utilized to provide unique benefits to electric grid operations, especially in conjunction with other established renewable technologies (such as wind and solar) or technologies like energy storage. In this work, we focus our attention on some specific characteristics of one type of marine energy resources i.e. tidal based resources. Specifically, we perform a comprehensive temporal analysis using a suite of metrics on resource data to characterize the inherent predictability of the resource across various time scales of interest. We also investigate the correlation of tidal power generation profiles with energy demand and comment on the effectiveness of having such resources in the overall generation portfolio.","PeriodicalId":208102,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116652153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"System Design and sea trial of Reciprocating Ocean Profiler based on Potential-energy-driven","authors":"Ming Xu, Jiwei Tian, Wei Zhao","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962859","url":null,"abstract":"The method based on potential driven and distributed design can theoretically solve a series of bottlenecks in the current deep-sea profile observation technology (such as difficult to achieve large depth, high speed, long range, carrying large sensors, etc.). Based on this method, a set of deep-sea profile observation prototype with SBE37 CTD is designed and developed, and the key technology of designing the prototype is introduced in detail. The prototype has been tested in the South China Sea for 5 days, and 11 CTD data of reciprocating profiles have been obtained. The length of each section is 1000 meters, and the reciprocating velocity of the platform reaches 0.3 m/s. The results of the sea test fully validate the feasibility of the potential drive and distributed design method, so that the mooring reciprocating profile observation system can be continuously observed without the power provided by batteries, which fundamentally solves a series of bottlenecks caused by the previous integrated design and battery power supply. From the technical point of view, this distributed potential energy driven reciprocating profile observation system can meet the higher requirements of ocean observation, such as full depth, high speed, long range, real-time data transmission.","PeriodicalId":208102,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116093386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-cost AIS Transponder using an SDR device","authors":"M. Marques, Diogo C. Teles, V. Lobo, G. Capela","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962863","url":null,"abstract":"With the advance of technology, several equipment that were expensive in the past are relatively cheap nowadays. One of this equipment is the Software Defined Radio (SDR). SDRs can transform expensive equipment available on the market into simple, cheap and easy to build computer applications. One of latter is the Automatic Information System (AIS). Because AIS is an equipment of great importance to the safety of navigation and it's not compulsory for small vessels, if there's a way of making it cheaper and accessible for everyone, it would have many advantages. On this paper we propose a creation of a Low-Cost AIS Transmitter using the SDR technology and open-source software.","PeriodicalId":208102,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125366697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging sonar simulator for assessment of image registration techniques","authors":"José E. Almanza-Medina, B. Henson, Y. Zakharov","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962864","url":null,"abstract":"This work focuses on building a Forward-Looking sonar simulator capable of generating large volumes of ground truth data to test algorithms such as: novel image registration techniques for trajectory estimation, three-dimensional reconstruction or to be used as training data for machine learning algorithms. The simulator is capable of generating realistic data sets of images and providing ground truth data with the exact position and attitude of the sonar related to objects in a test scenario. The sonar simulator is developed using the Unity software platform. This work also shows an example application. Simulated image data sets for different sonar trajectories and seabed textures were created. These data sets are used by an attitude-trajectory estimation method and a quantitative analysis of the method is presented.","PeriodicalId":208102,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125728789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}