OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE最新文献

{"title":"Quantifying Local Currents and their effects on Coral Reefs in French Polynesia","authors":"A. Larsen","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962603","url":null,"abstract":"Coral reefs around the world are being significantly affected by global changes in sea surface temperature as well as ocean acidification. However, scientists have a limited understanding of how local currents affect the chemical and thermal relationships between the reef building corals and the surrounding saltwater environment. Coral reefs are known to cause a diel-cycle with dramatic changes in the carbonate system along with oxygen. As calcifying reefs grow, they remove calcium and carbonate ions, reducing dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TAlk) and decreasing pH levels. The carbonate ions must be replaced in order for the coral to continue its calcification at a consistent rate. This residence time of surrounding seawater is very difficult to locally quantify in a coral reef as the bathymetry is complex, creating variable currents in all 3 dimensions. Ocean acidification and its negative impact on coral reef health is expected to increase, and fine-scale observations of the link between residence time of surrounding seawater and the dynamic change in water properties remain unknown. A prototype sensor was built with the aim to provide direct measurements of the fine-scale mixing dynamic to collect data from which estimates of mass transfer can be calculated within the reef environment. The neutrally buoyant passive sensor tracks local water parcels in 3 dimensions and records water parameters in a small area on a coral reef. The design and prototyping of this type of sensor will lead to an improved observational tool in coral reef research.","PeriodicalId":208102,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128114590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lab-on-a-chip Sensor for In Situ Nutrient Monitoring","authors":"B. Murphy, Sean Morgan, Edward Luy, Joshua J. Creelman, V. Sieben","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962689","url":null,"abstract":"Presented here is a low-cost in situ nutrient sensor based on lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technologies. A microfluidic chip with integrated check valves and a novel absorbance cell forms the backbone of the sensor. Using spectrophotometry to measure concentrations of nitrite and phosphate in liquid samples, effective limits of detection (LOD) of 30 nM and 100 nM are achieved for nitrite and phosphate respectively using a 10 mm optical path. The sensor was deployed in the Bedford Basin in Halifax, Canada for 12 hours for in situ phosphate measurement and analysis.","PeriodicalId":208102,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126778025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rudder Design of Underwater Glider with Diamond Wing","authors":"Xiaodong Zhou, Chen-wei Chen, Tong-xu Wang, Yi-fan Lu, Li-wan Chen","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962562","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to the superior hydrodynamic characteristics of an underwater glider designed with diamond-wings in comparison with the installation of conventional swept-wings. This article successively engages in the design and analysis of the hydrodynamic performance of the tail rudder adaptive to such kind new type underwater glider. Four kinds arrangements of X-shaped rudders have been analyzed and compared for the lifts, drags and lift-to-drag ratios by using the software package STAR-CCM+. The hydrodynamic performance of the simulation results showed that the 45° X-rudder is most conducive to the UG with diamond-wing.","PeriodicalId":208102,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122519419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-range velocity field observation by coastal acoustic tomography","authors":"Yong Guo, Haocai Huang, Jiannan Wu, Bo Xu, Chengcheng Zhu, Zhan-Shuai Wang, Rendong Feng","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962771","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal acoustic tomography can perform a realtime field observation, and can be an important supplement to the Marine Ranch Observation. In this paper, a short range experiment has been conducted in ZhaiRuo Island, ZhouShan on January 20,2019. Four acoustic stations sent signals to each other to obtain the travel time of the signal between stations. ADCP and CTD were used to collect reference data. The horizontal velocity fields are mapped by inversion. The range-average currents calculated by inversion and travel time difference are close, and the inversion results are almost the same as the velocities obtained by ADCP. Vloume transports are also proved to reach balance by calculating flow rates of upper 2m crossing perpendicularly to the peripheral paths. Experiments show the feasibility of the coastal acoustic tomography to observe small area.","PeriodicalId":208102,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121581733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of deep-sea turbulent flow fluctuation near seafloor in Izena Cauldron, Okinawa Trough, Japan","authors":"Y. Furushima, T. Fukuhara, Syunsuke Kondo, Sotaro Takashima, T. Matsuda, H. Higashi, N. Furuichi, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, T. Fukushima","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962767","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, direct continuous measurements of deep-sea turbulent flows near the seafloor were made in the Izena Cauldron hydrothermal fields, Okinawa Trough, Japan, to understand the dynamics of the bottom mixed layer. The objectives of this study were to reveal time series fluctuations of deep-sea turbulence intensity, that is, the turbulence energy dissipation rate, using an expendable vertical microstructure profiler (VMP-X), and to correlate them with in situ environmental data (flow, turbidity, conductivity, temperature, and depth data) obtained from a monitoring station installed on the seafloor near the VMP-X observation point. The turbulence energy dissipation rate ($boldsymbol{varepsilon}$) value near the seafloor changed from 10−10 to 10−7 W kg−1, and $boldsymbol{varepsilon}$ maxima were observed from a flood tide between ebb tides (13:00–15:30 and 20:30–23:00) around a depth of 960 m, whereas the $boldsymbol{varepsilon}$ values decreased to 10−9 W kg−1 during ebb tide. In the former case, the water temperature increased only slightly, but in the latter case, water temperature increased by 0.1 °C. Furthermore, the turbulent flow was relatively strong from the seafloor to a height of around 50 m from the bottom. Turbulent flow observation points were located to the west of the hydrothermal vent area. The bottom topography of this area is closed. Deep-sea current data were successfully obtained for the layers between the seafloor and 60 m above the bottom, and periodic fluctuations with east–west and north–south components were synchronously observed with water-level variations. According to these environmental data and complex (closed) bottom topography data, the increasing water temperature fluctuation may occur as a result of hydrothermal venting (transport or intrusion of warm water). Therefore, $boldsymbol{varepsilon}$ may be affected by hydrothermal venting. However, to better understand the dynamics of vertical mixing processes, more observational data, such as continuous turbulent flow data, are necessary. In future studies, we will collect and analyze more spatiotemporal field data using VMP-X to understand the dynamics of the bottom mixed layer and improve the accuracy of numerical models.","PeriodicalId":208102,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"266 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122174833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small Island developing states: Overview about wind, solar and marine energy in Cuba","authors":"M. Trapanese, A. Viola","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962624","url":null,"abstract":"The current economic, political, and social trends in Cuba indicate that energy sector will change in the future. The energy consumption will increase and Cuba, like most island nations, lacks a large energy resource base and satisfies most of its energy needs with imported fossil fuels. The aim of this work is a summary of renewable energy sources (solar, wind, bioenergy and marine) presented in the island and the development in the next society of the future.","PeriodicalId":208102,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126306401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Floating LBL System and a Lightweight ROV for Sky to Water System","authors":"Keisuke Watanabe, Koshi Utsunomiya, Kazumasa Harada, Qin Shen","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962848","url":null,"abstract":"We have been developing a system for environmental research on shallow coastal waters. This is intended to monitor the global problem of coral reef bleaching. Our system consists of a multi-copter, a small ROV, and a USV that relays ROV-land communication. The ROV is stored in the USV and it is transported by the multi-copter. We call this system as Sky to Water System. By transporting these from land or ship by multi-copters, it is intended to investigate a wider area in a shorter time than divers do. These devices are carried by a multi-copter and can be dropped and recovered at any point on the sea by a lifting equipment that can be freely separated by a pilot's manipulation. The lifting equipment consists of a device with a working tip (we call it “probe”) attached to the multi-copter and a fixing device (we call it “funnel”) attached to the USV. Docking and detachment between the multi-copter and the USV are performed by inserting this probe into the funnel. So far, we have conducted several experiments on transportation of the device from land to water, and confirmed that the ROV can be transported if it is small, and that the separation mechanism works well. The floating LBL consists of at least three USVs that from a baseline of LBL. Each USV has a GNSS, an ultrasound receiver and a wireless communication device. By measuring the distance between the floating USVs and the distance between each USV and the ROV, the underwater coordinate can be determined real time. In this paper, we will explain the total concept of the sky to water system, especially about the newly fabricated light weight ROV and the floating LBL system with experimental result of underwater coordinate detection at sea.","PeriodicalId":208102,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130521404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faster Multibeam Sonar Data Cleaning: Evaluation of Editing 3D Point Clouds using Immersive VR","authors":"A. Stevens, T. Butkiewicz","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962793","url":null,"abstract":"Remote sensing technologies routinely generate point cloud datasets with billions of points. While automatic data cleaning algorithms exist, safety-critical applications (such as waterway surveys) still require that data be processed and verified by a human. This presents a significant bottleneck in the pipeline from surveys into navigational maps. The recent proliferation of low-cost, high-quality virtual reality systems presents an opportunity to explore how these technologies might be integrated into the point cloud data processing pipeline. Prior research has shown that stereoscopic viewing, head-tracked perspective, and bimanual interactions can lead to faster 3D task completion times and lower errors compared to traditional monoscopic, mouse-and-keyboard desktop systems. In this paper, we present a human factors study that compares 3D point cloud editing performance between a traditional interface and type types of immersive virtual reality interfaces. Our results showed that for complex datasets, the immersive interfaces generally led to faster task completion times than when using the desktop interface. Participants also reported a strong subjective preference for the immersive interface.","PeriodicalId":208102,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116526963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AUV Mapping of Underwater Targets","authors":"J. Melo, S. Dugelay","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962783","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater mapping of targets can be a relevant application for various fields, including mine countermeasures operations. However, due to the difficulties posed by unstructured open underwater environments, mapping underwater targets can become particularly challenging. This article presents a new approach to mapping underwater targets. The proposed approach is based on a PHD Filter. Compared to more traditional approaches, based on the Kalman Filter, the proposed algorithm does not require the data association step, which is one of the biggest challenges in underwater robotic mapping. Preliminary results are presented, by applying the proposed approach to a mine-counter measure mission, where the goal is to obtain a map with the location of deployed targets. These results illustrate the benefits of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":208102,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122325759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust Channel Parameters for Crypto Key Generation in Underwater Acoustic Systems","authors":"Konstantinos Pelekanakis, C. M. G. Gussen, R. Petroccia, J. Alves","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS40490.2019.8962548","url":null,"abstract":"Key management is critical for the successful operation of a cryptographic system in wireless networks. Systems based on asymmetric keys require a dedicated infrastructure for key management and authentication which may not be practical for ad-hoc Underwater Acoustic Networks (UANs). In symmetric-key systems, key distribution is not easy to handle when new nodes join the network. In addition, when a key is compromised all nodes that use the same key are not secure anymore. Hence, it is desirable to have a dynamic way to generate new keys without relying on past keys. Physical Layer Security (PLS) uses correlated channel measurements between two underwater nodes to generate a cryptographic key without exchanging the key itself. In this study, we set up a network of two legitimate nodes and one eavesdropper operating in a shallow area off the coast of Portugal. We propose novel features based on the Channel Impulse Response (CIR) of the established acoustic link that could be used as an initial seed for a crypto-key generation algorithm. Our results show that the two nodes can independently generate 306 quantization bits after exchanging 187 probe signals. Furthermore, the eavesdropper fails to generate the same bits from her/his data even if she/he performs exactly the same signal processing steps of the legitimate nodes.","PeriodicalId":208102,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2019 MTS/IEEE SEATTLE","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121115593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}