{"title":"Novel approaches for bacterial toxin neutralization; current advances and future perspectives.","authors":"M Doroudian, M A Ardalan, M Beheshti, M Soezi","doi":"10.1093/qjmed/hcae113","DOIUrl":"10.1093/qjmed/hcae113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review outlines diverse strategies for neutralizing bacterial toxins which are a significant threat to human health. Effective toxin neutralization is crucial in preventing and treating bacterial infections, especially those caused by antibiotic-resistant strains. Promising approaches include using monoclonal antibodies that target toxins and combining them with agents that directly target bacteria. Aptamers, synthetic molecules that bind to specific targets, provide a rapid and tailored method for inhibiting toxin activity and detecting pathogens. Cell-membrane-coated nanoparticles mimic host cells and effectively neutralize toxins by diverting them and stimulating immune responses. These advancements have the potential to combat bacterial infections and alleviate the associated public health burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":20806,"journal":{"name":"QJM: An International Journal of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"763-767"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141293651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Benefit treatment using traditional Chinese medicine in an ulcerative colitis patient: a case report.","authors":"C-S Chen, T-Y Yang, T-W Chen, Y-M Chang, C-K Chen","doi":"10.1093/qjmed/hcae130","DOIUrl":"10.1093/qjmed/hcae130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20806,"journal":{"name":"QJM: An International Journal of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"803-805"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tubercular dactylitis/Spina ventosa-A rare skeletal form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.","authors":"Pradeep Kumar Gunasekaran, Arushi Gahlot Saini, Manish Rohilla","doi":"10.1093/qjmed/hcae209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcae209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 9-year-old girl presented with progressive, painful swelling over the left index finger, associated with local signs of inflammation and restriction of finger movements. After the swelling was punctured using a needle, chronic discharging sinus formed. Examination revealed firm swelling over the right parotid area, bilateral cervical and left axillary lymphadenopathy, and firm swelling over the left index finger with a chronic discharging sinus over the lateral aspect of proximal phalanx. Mantoux intradermal injection was reactive (22x24 mm induration). Blood and pus cultures were sterile. Hand radiograph revealed dactylitis (Figure 1A-C). Fine aspiration and cytology of the cervical lymph node showed degenerated inflammatory cells, epithelioid granuloma and acid-fast bacilli. She was initiated on 4-drug antitubercular therapy (ATT). At 2-months follow-up, she was asymptomatic and had the pain and swelling over the left finger have reduced with significant radiological improvement. Tubercular dactylitis or 'spina ventosa' (wind-filled sail) refers to cystic expansion of short, tubular bones. It is commonly seen in younger children (between 1 and 6 years of age) and adults (between 20 and 50 years of age). A common presentation in endemic areas is presence of a painless, fusiform swelling over a single digit, most commonly the proximal phalanx of index or middle finger as in the index case, or over the metacarpals of middle and ring fingers. Earliest radiological clues include periosteitis followed by gradual destruction of bone and cyst formation in the cavity giving a ballooned-out appearance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20806,"journal":{"name":"QJM: An International Journal of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U Shimada, Y Takahashi, Y Mine, M Suzuki, K Kondo, Y Ikenouchi, G A Deshpande, T Naito
{"title":"Eagle syndrome: revealed by the background disease.","authors":"U Shimada, Y Takahashi, Y Mine, M Suzuki, K Kondo, Y Ikenouchi, G A Deshpande, T Naito","doi":"10.1093/qjmed/hcae142","DOIUrl":"10.1093/qjmed/hcae142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20806,"journal":{"name":"QJM: An International Journal of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"809-810"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neonatal lupus erythematosus with severe persistent pulmonary hypertension.","authors":"B Zhuang, Y L Chen, S P Han","doi":"10.1093/qjmed/hcae134","DOIUrl":"10.1093/qjmed/hcae134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20806,"journal":{"name":"QJM: An International Journal of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"806-808"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Statins the 'new' aspirin.","authors":"Seamas C Donnelly","doi":"10.1093/qjmed/hcae223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcae223","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20806,"journal":{"name":"QJM: An International Journal of Medicine","volume":"117 11","pages":"757"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142897055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rare Central nervous system infection by Chryseobacterium indologenes diagnosed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing.","authors":"B Yao, S Li, P Zhao","doi":"10.1093/qjmed/hcae150","DOIUrl":"10.1093/qjmed/hcae150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20806,"journal":{"name":"QJM: An International Journal of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"815-817"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response to: Association between dietary thiamine intake and new-onset diabetes in general Chinese adults.","authors":"Y Zhang, X Qin","doi":"10.1093/qjmed/hcae141","DOIUrl":"10.1093/qjmed/hcae141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20806,"journal":{"name":"QJM: An International Journal of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"823-824"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11681122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The forearm elevation-compression test: a novel test for carpal tunnel syndrome.","authors":"C H Hawkes, G Cutter","doi":"10.1093/qjmed/hcae121","DOIUrl":"10.1093/qjmed/hcae121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As the time available to spend with patients decreases, a rapid test for bedside diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) could be useful.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>We describe the forearm elevation-compression test (FECT) in this context. The FECT was assessed in 40 patients with clinically suspected CTS and compared to Tinel's and Phalen's signs. Routine electromyography and nerve conduction tests (EMG/NCT) were performed in all cases. In addition, 85 healthy controls were examined by FECT and compared to the patient group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All three provocative tests, particularly FECT, were frequently positive in suspected CTS. Neurophysiological tests were normal in 5 of 40 cases of clinically suspected CTS, and the FECT was positive in all of these suggesting a positive predictive value of 87.5% if one accepts EMG/NCT as the reference. Amongst the healthy controls, 18 of 85 (21.2%) were positive on the FECT suggestive of a high false-positive rate or subclinical disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is proposed that the FECT is a useful addition to the clinical examination of suspected CTS. Although the positive rate may be falsely elevated, this is offset by restricting the latency for tingling onset to 10 s or less (FECT2).</p>","PeriodicalId":20806,"journal":{"name":"QJM: An International Journal of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"777-780"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}