{"title":"Front Cover Image, Volume 42, Issue 4","authors":"Giuseppe Floresta, Vincenzo Abbate","doi":"10.1002/med.21829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21829","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the Review Article <i>Recent progress in the imaging of c-Met aberrant cancers with positron emission tomography</i> by Giuseppe Floresta et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21885.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"42 4","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/med.21829","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6189189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bingrui Liu, Rongyu Liu, Qifeng Liu, Charles R. Ashby Jr., Hang Zhang, Zhe-Sheng Chen
{"title":"The ethnomedicinal and functional uses, phytochemical and pharmacology of compounds from Ardisia species: An updated review","authors":"Bingrui Liu, Rongyu Liu, Qifeng Liu, Charles R. Ashby Jr., Hang Zhang, Zhe-Sheng Chen","doi":"10.1002/med.21894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21894","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Medicinal plants are considered to be a critical source of novel compounds and pharmacophores. The genus <i>Ardisia</i>, consisting of approximately 500 species, is the largest genus in the Myrsinaceae family. <i>Ardisia</i> species are widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world and have been used for the treatment of cancer, hypertension, irregular menstruation, gonorrhea, diarrhea and postnatal syndromes, among others. Phytochemical studies of <i>Ardisia</i> species have resulted in the isolation and identification of 111 compounds, including triterpenoid saponins, quinones, phenols, coumarins, cyclic depsipepetide and flavonoids. Crude extracts and isolates from <i>Ardisia</i> have been reported to have in vitro and in vivo efficacies, including but not limited to anticancer, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antithrombotic and antidiabetic, antitubercular compounds. This review focuses on the medical and functional uses, phytochemical profile and pharmacological efficacies of <i>Ardisia</i> species over the past 15 years. This review will provide information indicating that <i>Ardisia</i> species represent an invaluable source of potential therapeutic compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"42 5","pages":"1888-1929"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5727053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Progress and perspective on hydrogen sulfide donors and their biomedical applications","authors":"Zi-Long Song, Lanning Zhao, Tao Ma, Alsiddig Osama, Tong Shen, Yilin He, Jianguo Fang","doi":"10.1002/med.21913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21913","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following the discovery of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) has been identified as the third gasotransmitter in humans. Increasing evidence have shown that H<sub>2</sub>S is of preventive or therapeutic effects on diverse pathological complications. As a consequence, it is of great significance to develop suitable approaches of H<sub>2</sub>S-based therapeutics for biomedical applications. H<sub>2</sub>S-releasing agents (H<sub>2</sub>S donors) play important roles in exploring and understanding the physiological functions of H<sub>2</sub>S. More importantly, accumulating studies have validated the theranostic potential of H<sub>2</sub>S donors in extensive repertoires of in vitro and in vivo disease models. Thus, it is imperative to summarize and update the literatures in this field. In this review, first, the background of H<sub>2</sub>S on its chemical and biological aspects is concisely introduced. Second, the studies regarding the H<sub>2</sub>S-releasing compounds are categorized and described, and accordingly, their H<sub>2</sub>S-donating mechanisms, biological applications, and therapeutic values are also comprehensively delineated and discussed. Necessary comparisons between related H<sub>2</sub>S donors are presented, and the drawbacks of many typical H<sub>2</sub>S donors are analyzed and revealed. Finally, several critical challenges encountered in the development of multifunctional H<sub>2</sub>S donors are discussed, and the direction of their future development as well as their biomedical applications is proposed. We expect that this review will reach extensive audiences across multiple disciplines and promote the innovation of H<sub>2</sub>S biomedicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"42 5","pages":"1930-1977"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5685531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shilin Gong, Xiaolan Hu, Shengshuang Chen, Baoqing Sun, Jian-Lin Wu, Na Li
{"title":"Dual roles of drug or its metabolite−protein conjugate: Cutting-edge strategy of drug discovery using shotgun proteomics","authors":"Shilin Gong, Xiaolan Hu, Shengshuang Chen, Baoqing Sun, Jian-Lin Wu, Na Li","doi":"10.1002/med.21889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21889","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many drugs can bind directly to proteins or be bioactivated by metabolizing enzymes to form reactive metabolites (RMs) that rapidly bind to proteins to form drug−protein conjugates or metabolite−protein conjugates (DMPCs). The close relationship between DMPCs and idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (IADRs) has been recognized; drug discovery teams tend to avoid covalent interactions in drug discovery projects. Covalent interactions in DMPCs can provide high potency and long action duration and conquer the intractable targets, inspiring drug design, and development. This forms the dual role feature of DMPCs. Understanding the functional implications of DMPCs in IADR control and therapeutic applications requires precise identification of these conjugates from complex biological samples. While classical biochemical methods have contributed significantly to DMPC detection in the past decades, the low abundance and low coverage of DMPCs have become a bottleneck in this field. An emerging transformation toward shotgun proteomics is on the rise. The evolving shotgun proteomics techniques offer improved reproducibility, throughput, specificity, operability, and standardization. Here, we review recent progress in the systematic discovery of DMPCs using shotgun proteomics. Furthermore, the applications of shotgun proteomics supporting drug development, toxicity mechanism investigation, and drug repurposing processes are also reviewed and prospected.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"42 4","pages":"1704-1734"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5942923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dandan Liu, Varma Saikam, Katie A. Skrada, Didier Merlin, Suri S. Iyer
{"title":"Inflammatory bowel disease biomarkers","authors":"Dandan Liu, Varma Saikam, Katie A. Skrada, Didier Merlin, Suri S. Iyer","doi":"10.1002/med.21893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21893","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized as chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, which includes two main subtypes, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Endoscopy combined with biopsy is the most effective way to establish IBD diagnosis and disease management. Imaging techniques have also been developed to monitor IBD. Although effective, the methods are expensive and invasive, which leads to pain and discomfort. Alternative noninvasive biomarkers are being explored as tools for IBD prognosis and disease management. This review focuses on novel biomarkers that have emerged in recent years. These serological biomarkers and microRNAs could potentially be used for disease management in IBD, thereby decreasing patient discomfort and morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"42 5","pages":"1856-1887"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/med.21893","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5779133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Natural products as Zika antivirals","authors":"Yuhui Deborah Fong, Justin Jang Hann Chu","doi":"10.1002/med.21891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21891","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus belonging to the <i>flavivirus</i> genus and is transmitted in <i>Aedes</i> mosquito vectors. Since its discovery in humans in 1952 in Uganda, ZIKV has been responsible for many outbreaks in South America, Africa, and Asia. Patients infected with ZIKV are usually asymptomatic; mild symptoms include fever, joint and muscle pain, and fatigue. However, severe infections may have neurological implications, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and fetal microcephaly. To date, there are no existing approved therapeutic drugs or vaccines against ZIKV infections; treatments mainly target the symptoms of infection. Preventive measures against mosquito breeding are the main strategy for limiting the spread of the virus. Antiviral drug research for the treatment of ZIKV infection has been rapidly developing, with many drug candidates emerging from drug repurposing studies, and compound screening. In particular, several studies have demonstrated the potential of natural products as antivirals for ZIKV infection. Hence, this paper will review recent advances in natural products in ZIKV antiviral drug discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"42 5","pages":"1739-1780"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/med.21891","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5749009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yihui Song, Xinyu Yang, Shu Wang, Min Zhao, Bin Yu
{"title":"Crystallographic landscape of SHP2 provides molecular insights for SHP2 targeted drug discovery","authors":"Yihui Song, Xinyu Yang, Shu Wang, Min Zhao, Bin Yu","doi":"10.1002/med.21890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21890","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 encoded by PTPN11 is a promising therapeutic target for cancer therapy. The dynamic change of SHP2 between closed and open conformations under either physiological or pathological conditions provides opportunities to design SHP2 inhibitors for treating SHP2-related diseases. To date, several SHP2 allosteric inhibitors have advanced into clinical trials as mono- or combined therapy of cancers. In this review, we provide an overview on the structural landscape of SHP2 under physiological and pathological conditions and also comprehensively analyze the binding models of SHP2/inhibitor complexes. Structural features of SHP2 under pathological conditions and co-crystal structures of SHP2/inhibitor complexes will definitely facilitate structure-guided design of SHP2 inhibitors. Finally, proteolysis targeting chimeric (PROTAC) based SHP2 degraders have shown therapeutic promise for cancer therapy and are also briefly discussed. We hope this review could provide crystallographic landscape for SHP2 targeted drug discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"42 5","pages":"1781-1821"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5721006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annamaria Haleckova, Ondrej Benek, Lucie Zemanová, Rafael Dolezal, Kamil Musilek
{"title":"Small-molecule inhibitors of cyclophilin D as potential therapeutics in mitochondria-related diseases","authors":"Annamaria Haleckova, Ondrej Benek, Lucie Zemanová, Rafael Dolezal, Kamil Musilek","doi":"10.1002/med.21892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21892","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a key regulator of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. This pathophysiological phenomenon is associated with the development of several human diseases, including ischemia-reperfusion injury and neurodegeneration. Blocking mPTP opening through CypD inhibition could be a novel and promising therapeutic approach for these conditions. While numerous CypD inhibitors have been discovered to date, none have been introduced into clinical practice, mostly owing to their high toxicity, unfavorable pharmacokinetics, and low selectivity for CypD over other cyclophilins. This review summarizes current knowledge of CypD inhibitors, with a particular focus on small-molecule compounds with regard to their <i>in vitro</i> activity, their selectivity for CypD, and their binding mode within the enzyme's active site. Finally, approaches for improving the molecular design of CypD inhibitors are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"42 5","pages":"1822-1855"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5721016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Purinergic receptors modulators: An emerging pharmacological tool for disease management","authors":"Abid Mahmood, Jamshed Iqbal","doi":"10.1002/med.21888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21888","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Purinergic signaling is mediated through extracellular nucleotides (adenosine 5′-triphosphate, uridine-5'-triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, uridine-5'-diphosphate, and adenosine) that serve as signaling molecules. In the early 1990s, purines and pyrimidine receptors were cloned and characterized drawing the attention of scientists toward this aspect of cellular signaling. This signaling pathway is comprised of four subtypes of adenosine receptors (P1), eight subtypes of G-coupled protein receptors (P2YRs), and seven subtypes of ligand-gated ionotropic receptors (P2XRs). In current studies, the pathophysiology and therapeutic potentials of these receptors have been focused on. Various ligands, modulating the functions of purinergic receptors, are in current clinical practices for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, several purinergic receptors ligands are in advanced phases of clinical trials as a remedy for depression, epilepsy, autism, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, and cancers. In the present study, agonists and antagonists of purinergic receptors have been summarized that may serve as pharmacological tools for drug design and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"42 4","pages":"1661-1703"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6245138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Front Cover Image, Volume 42, Issue 3","authors":"Shipeng He, Guoqiang Dong, Junfei Cheng, Ying Wu, Chunquan Sheng","doi":"10.1002/med.21827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21827","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the Review Article Strategies for designing proteolysis targeting chimaeras (PROTACs) by Shipeng He et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21877.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"42 3","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/med.21827","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6074834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}