{"title":"Progress in Molecular Imprinting-From Inhibition of Enzymatic Activity to Regulation of Cellular Pathways.","authors":"Milada Vodova, Jaroslava Bezdekova, Marketa Vaculovicova","doi":"10.1002/med.22123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.22123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular imprinting is a very powerful tool in life science. The research areas benefiting from a wide range of capabilities of molecularly imprinted polymeric nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) include sample preparation, extraction, sensing/detection, diagnostics, and drug delivery. Recently, a new member of this family-therapy/control of cellular reactions-has arrived. Within this newest field, so far, the design and synthesis of very selective enzymatic inhibitors/activators have been described. Since enzymes act as catalysts of biochemical reactions, nanoMIPs pose enormous potential in managing biological processes. Furthermore, in recent years, articles focused on influencing cellular pathways by either interaction with cell surface receptors or by inactivation of signal molecules have begun to appear. This strategy opens a new perspective for nanoMIPs application-as selective, inexpensive, and stable therapeutics. However, there are still a lot of questions to be answered and many issues that must be addressed before the practical implementation of nanoMIPs in the therapeutic area. Among the main challenges belong safety, biodegradability, biodistribution, and clearance of nanoMIPs from the organism as well as their reproducible large-scale production in accordance with quality control. This review aims to summarize the progress in nanoMIPs development enabling them to overcome main issues and increasing their competitiveness in the therapeutic area.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicola Bauer, Qiyue Mao, Aditi Vashistha, Anupamaa Seshadri, Yi-Chieh Nancy Du, Leo Otterbein, Chalet Tan, Mark P. de Caestecker, Binghe Wang
{"title":"Front Cover Image, Volume 45, Issue 4","authors":"Nicola Bauer, Qiyue Mao, Aditi Vashistha, Anupamaa Seshadri, Yi-Chieh Nancy Du, Leo Otterbein, Chalet Tan, Mark P. de Caestecker, Binghe Wang","doi":"10.1002/med.22124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.22124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the article <i>Compelling Evidence: A Critical Update on the Therapeutic Potential of Carbon Monoxide</i> by Nicola Bauer et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/med.22116.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/med.22124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3D Bioprinting for Engineering Organoids and Organ-on-a-Chip: Developments and Applications.","authors":"Yuqing Ren, Congying Yuan, Qimeng Liang, Yuhao Ba, Hui Xu, Siyuan Weng, Yuyuan Zhang, Anning Zuo, Shutong Liu, Peng Luo, Quan Chen, Zhaokai Zhou, Chuhan Zhang, Yukang Chen, Zaoqu Liu, Xinwei Han","doi":"10.1002/med.22121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.22121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a promising technology for the fabrication of complex tissue structures with bionic biological functions and stable mechanical properties. Compared to traditional two-dimensional models and animal models, 3D bioprinted biomimetic tissue models offer enhanced mimicry of biological systems, enable high-throughput screening, reduce experimental costs, and have multiple applications in disease modeling, drug discovery, and precision medicine. Despite recent advancements in the commercialization of 3D bioprinting, the technology continues to encounter bioethical and legal issues, as well as a lack of innovation in novel biomaterials. This review provides an overview of the fundamental techniques of 3D bioprinting and examines the benefits of utilizing this technology to develop organoid and organ-on-a-chip (OOC) functional tissue models. Subsequently, the review will highlight the numerous applications of 3D bioprinting in drug discovery, drug screening, and precision therapy. Additionally, the review will also focus on the constraints of existing technology and propose future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahana Maitra, Morena Miciaccia, Manuela Mandorino, Domenico Armenise, Olga Maria Baldelli, Savina Ferorelli, Ludmila Papusha, Alexander Druy, Maria Grazia Perrone, Antonio Scilimati
{"title":"Decoding Gene Expression Changes in Cerebral Tumors: Before and After Radiotherapy.","authors":"Ahana Maitra, Morena Miciaccia, Manuela Mandorino, Domenico Armenise, Olga Maria Baldelli, Savina Ferorelli, Ludmila Papusha, Alexander Druy, Maria Grazia Perrone, Antonio Scilimati","doi":"10.1002/med.22122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.22122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral tumors, particularly in pediatric patients, pose a significant challenge in oncology. Radiotherapy is a crucial component of the multimodal treatment approach for these tumors. Understanding the molecular basis of these tumors, particularly their response to radiotherapy, is crucial for improving treatment outcomes and patient survival. Many cancer-based studies have investigated gene expression patterns and gene signatures associated with radiotherapy. However, such studies are scarce in the field of pediatric cerebral tumors. Moreover, no studies have been conducted on the changes in gene expression profiles \"before and after radiotherapy treatment in pediatric cerebral tumors,\" especially in diffuse intrinsic pediatric glioma, actually classified as diffuse midline glioma. This review aims to explore the expression of gene profiles in cerebral tumors before and after radiotherapy, unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying treatment response and potential biomarkers for prognosis and therapeutic targeting. By examining the current literature (years 2011-2023), we provide an overview of the present understanding of the gene expression changes associated with radiotherapy in intrinsic brain tumors. Insights from these studies suggest alterations in key signaling pathways, DNA repair mechanisms, and cell cycle regulation in response to radiotherapy. Our analysis highlighted potential genomic targets and the importance of identifying key genes and pathways involved in these responses to develop personalized treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Progress in Azobenzene-Based In Vivo Photopharmacology.","authors":"Xin Zhou, Lupei Du, Minyong Li","doi":"10.1002/med.22120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.22120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the most extensively studied photoswitch in photopharmacology, the azobenzene photoswitch has precision instrumental in the photoregulation of physiological processes across various animal models. Currently, it exhibits the greatest clinical potential for photosensitive retinal restoration, capable of inducing long-term therapeutic effects following intravitreal injection, without the need for foreign gene expression or optical fiber implantation. A significant advancement in the application of azobenzene photoswitches is their integration with optical flow control technology, which facilitates the targeting of deep tissues within the mouse cerebral cortex, addressing long-standing challenges related to tissue penetration depth in photopharmacology. With exceptional spatial and temporal resolution, photopharmacology is particularly well-suited for precision medicine, holding substantial potential for further development. Consequently, a comprehensive summary and review of the design strategies of azobenzene photoswitches for In Vivo applications, along with their experimental outcomes, are essential for guiding future advancements in photopharmacology. This review provides an overview of the fundamental properties and design strategies of azobenzene photoswitch molecules. Additionally, we extensively summarize all azobenzene photoswitch molecules successfully applied In Vivo for photopharmacological purposes since 2006, covering species such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Xenopus tadpoles, zebrafish, mice, rats, rabbits, and canines. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with the In Vivo implementation of azobenzene photoswitch molecules and propose potential solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 (VAP-1)/Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase (SSAO) Inhibitors: Current Medicinal Chemistry and Emerging Opportunities.","authors":"Pinaki Bhattacharjee, Malliga R Iyer","doi":"10.1002/med.22118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.22118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) is a vascular enzyme and expressed in high concentrations in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), localized in the caveolae of the plasma membrane, and the endothelial cells. SSAO is classified as a copper amine oxidase and encoded by the amine oxidase copper-containing 3 gene. SSAO exists both as a soluble protein and as a tissue-bound transmembrane protein. The latter is often called vascular adhesion protein 1. Vascular adhesion protein-1 or VAP-1, encoded by the AOC3 gene, is a pro-inflammatory and multifunctional molecule belonging to the SSAO family. It assists the transformation of primary amines to aldehydes resulting in the production of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia. Work from the last two decades, has shown that VAP-1/SSAO plays a role in several physiological and pathological processes, making it a potentially valuable target for therapeutic development. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the inhibitors of VAP-1/SSAO that are being developed specifically for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Here in we have highlighted important aspects of the compounds investigated in therapeutic applications. Furthermore, we have outlined potential avenues for innovation with the aim of maximizing the therapeutic efficacy of VAP-1/SSAO inhibitors in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Targeting Histone H3K9 Methyltransferase G9a as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders.","authors":"Malak Hajar, Tobias Werner, Mihajlo Gajic, Holger Stark, Bassem Sadek","doi":"10.1002/med.22119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.22119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropsychiatric disorders present a multifaceted challenge, characterized by cognitive, social, and motor impairments with manifold underlying mechanisms. Recent attention has turned to epigenetic mechanisms, particularly histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTs), such as G9a, in understanding fundamental pathogenesis. This review provides a concise overview of the structural and functional features of G9a and its involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders, including neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) like autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), schizophrenia (SZ), epilepsy, anxiety, depression, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, it highlights the biochemical mechanisms of G9a-mediated histone methylations and explores pharmacological interventions targeting G9a for potential therapeutic avenues. This current knowledge underlines G9a's significance as a therapeutic target and sets the stage for future investigations into its role in neuropsychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rodrigo F N Ribeiro, Marco Rios Santos, Maria Aquino, Luis Pereira de Almeida, Cláudia Cavadas, Maria Manuel C Silva
{"title":"The Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin and Its Novel Synthetic Analogs in Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders, Inflammation-Associated Pathologies, and Neurodegenerative Diseases.","authors":"Rodrigo F N Ribeiro, Marco Rios Santos, Maria Aquino, Luis Pereira de Almeida, Cláudia Cavadas, Maria Manuel C Silva","doi":"10.1002/med.22117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.22117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is a tryptophan-derived hormone mostly produced in the pineal gland, despite being synthesized locally at several tissues and organs. This production is rhythmically controlled by complex clock gene networks in the master pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Melatonin is usually secreted only during the dark phase of the day and is essential to synchronize circadian rhythms and neuroendocrine physiological processes. Its main clinical use is associated with the treatment of jet lag and other circadian rhythm sleep disorders, with a growing number of other promising therapeutic applications due to the diverse physiological roles of melatonin. In this review, we explore melatonin and its receptors and provide an updated overview on research concerning the role of melatonin, either as an endogenous molecule or as a drug, in: sleep-wake cycle regulation; circadian rhythms; inflammatory processes that may compromise cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal, and reproductive system functions; and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The most recent and promising research findings concerning melatonin synthetic analogs such as agomelatine and ramelteon are highlighted, pointing toward new compounds with promising pharmacological activity while emphasizing their structural differences and advantages when compared to melatonin.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicola Bauer, Qiyue Mao, Aditi Vashistha, Anupamaa Seshadri, Yi-Chieh Nancy Du, Leo Otterbein, Chalet Tan, Mark P. de Caestecker, Binghe Wang
{"title":"Compelling Evidence: A Critical Update on the Therapeutic Potential of Carbon Monoxide","authors":"Nicola Bauer, Qiyue Mao, Aditi Vashistha, Anupamaa Seshadri, Yi-Chieh Nancy Du, Leo Otterbein, Chalet Tan, Mark P. de Caestecker, Binghe Wang","doi":"10.1002/med.22116","DOIUrl":"10.1002/med.22116","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenous signaling molecule. It is produced via heme degradation by heme oxygenase (HMOX), releasing stoichiometric amounts of CO, iron, and biliverdin (then bilirubin). The HMOX-CO axis has long been shown to offer beneficial effects by modulating inflammation, proliferation and cell death as they relate to tissue and organ protection. Recent years have seen a large number of studies examining CO pharmacology, its molecular targets, cellular mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and detection methods using various delivery modalities including inhaled CO gas, CO solutions, and various types of CO donors. Unfortunately, one widely used donor type includes four commercially available carbonyl complexes with metal or borane, CORM-2 (Ru<sup>2+</sup>), CORM-3 (Ru<sup>2+</sup>), CORM-A1 (BH<sub>3</sub>), and CORM-401 (Mn<sup>+</sup>), which have been shown to have minimal and/or unpredictable CO production and extensive CO-independent chemical reactivity and biological activity. As a result, not all “CO biological activities” in the literature can be attributed to CO. In this review, we summarize key findings based on CO gas and CO in solution for the certainty of the active principal and to avoid data contamination resulting from the confirmed or potential reactivities and activities of the “carrier” portion of CORMs. Along a similar line, we discuss interesting potential research areas of CO in the brain including a newly proposed CO/HMOX/dopamine axis and the role of CO in cognitive stimulation and circadian rhythm. This review is critical for the future development of the CO field by steering clear of complications caused by chemically reactive donor molecules.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"45 4","pages":"1275-1301"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143951727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Harnessing the Power of Natural Products for Targeted Protein Degradation.","authors":"Bo Zhu, Zheng Wu, Yiwen Shou, Kaili Zhao, Qinpei Lu, Jiang-Jiang Qin, Hongwei Guo","doi":"10.1002/med.22113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.22113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural products have garnered significant attention due to their complex chemical structures and remarkable pharmacological activities. With inherent recognition capabilities for protein surfaces, natural products serve as ideal candidates for designing proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs). The utilization of natural products in PROTAC development offers distinct advantages, including their rich chemical diversity, multitarget activities, and sustainable sourcing. This comprehensive review explores the vast potential of harnessing natural products in PROTAC research. Moreover, the review discusses the application of natural degradant technology, which involves utilizing natural product-based compounds to selectively degrade disease-causing proteins, as well as the implementation of computer-aided drug design (CADD) technology in identifying suitable targets for degradation within the realm of natural products. By harnessing the power of natural products and leveraging computational tools, PROTACs derived from natural products have the potential to revolutionize drug discovery and provide innovative therapeutic interventions for various diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}