Jiao Qu, Qianqian Liu, Guoquan You, Ling Ye, Yiguang Jin, Lingdong Kong, Wenjie Guo, Qiang Xu, Yang Sun
{"title":"Advances in ameliorating inflammatory diseases and cancers by andrographolide: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and perspective","authors":"Jiao Qu, Qianqian Liu, Guoquan You, Ling Ye, Yiguang Jin, Lingdong Kong, Wenjie Guo, Qiang Xu, Yang Sun","doi":"10.1002/med.21873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21873","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Andrographolide, a well-known natural lactone having a range of pharmacological actions in traditional Chinese medicine. It has long been used to cure a variety of ailments. In this review, we cover the pharmacokinetics and pharmacological activity of andrographolide which supports its further clinical application in cancers and inflammatory diseases. Growing evidence shows a good therapeutic effect in inflammatory diseases, including liver diseases, joint diseases, respiratory system diseases, nervous system diseases, heart diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, and inflammatory skin diseases. As a result, the effects of andrographolide on immune cells and the processes that underpin them are discussed. The preclinical use of andrographolide to different organs in response to malignancies such as colorectal, liver, gastric, breast, prostate, lung, and oral cancers has also been reviewed. In addition, several clinical trials of andrographolide in inflammatory diseases and cancers have been summarized. This review highlights recent advances in ameliorating inflammatory diseases as well as cancers by andrographolide and its analogs, providing a new perspective for subsequent research of this traditional natural product.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"42 3","pages":"1147-1178"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6134460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Upgrade of an old drug: Auranofin in innovative cancer therapies to overcome drug resistance and to increase drug effectiveness","authors":"Tania Gamberi, Giovanni Chiappetta, Tania Fiaschi, Alessandra Modesti, Flavia Sorbi, Francesca Magherini","doi":"10.1002/med.21872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21872","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Auranofin is an oral gold(I) compound, initially developed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Currently, Auranofin is under investigation for oncological application within a drug repurposing plan due to the relevant antineoplastic activity observed both in vitro and in vivo tumor models. In this review, we analysed studies in which Auranofin was used as a single drug or in combination with other molecules to enhance their anticancer activity or to overcome chemoresistance. The analysis of different targets/pathways affected by this drug in different cancer types has allowed us to highlight several interesting targets and effects of Auranofin besides the already well-known inhibition of thioredoxin reductase. Among these targets, inhibitory-κB kinase, deubiquitinates, protein kinase C iota have been frequently suggested. To rationalize the effects of Auranofin by a system biology-like approach, we exploited transcriptomic data obtained from a wide range of cell models, extrapolating the data deposited in the Connectivity Maps website and we attempted to provide a general conclusion and discussed the major points that need further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"42 3","pages":"1111-1146"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/med.21872","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5909084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vladimir Vimberg, Karolína Buriánková, Aninda Mazumdar, Pavel Branny, Gabriela B. Novotná
{"title":"Role of membrane proteins in bacterial resistance to antimicrobial peptides","authors":"Vladimir Vimberg, Karolína Buriánková, Aninda Mazumdar, Pavel Branny, Gabriela B. Novotná","doi":"10.1002/med.21869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21869","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Several natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including the novel semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide antibiotics telavancin, dalbavancin, and oritavancin, have been approved for clinical use to address the growing problem of multiple antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the efficacy of these antibiotics has already been compromised. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to the increased clinical use of all antibiotics, further promoting the development of bacterial resistance. Therefore, it is critical to gain a deeper understanding of the role of resistance mechanisms to minimize the consequential risks of long-term antibiotic use and misuse. Here, we summarize for the first time the current knowledge of resistance mechanisms that have been shown to cause resistance to clinically used AMPs, with particular focus on membrane proteins that have been reported to interfere with the activity of AMPs by affecting the binding of AMPs to bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"42 3","pages":"1023-1036"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5934837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent advances in the development of allosteric protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors for drug discovery","authors":"Reham M. Elhassan, Xuben Hou, Hao Fang","doi":"10.1002/med.21871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21871","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) superfamily catalyzes tyrosine de-phosphorylation which affects a myriad of cellular processes. Imbalance in signal pathways mediated by PTPs has been associated with development of many human diseases including cancer, metabolic, and immunological diseases. Several compelling evidence suggest that many members of PTP family are novel therapeutic targets. However, the clinical development of conventional PTP-based active-site inhibitors originally was hampered by the poor selectivity and pharmacokinetic properties. In this regard, PTPs has been widely dismissed as “undruggable.” Nonetheless, allosteric modulation has become increasingly an influential and alternative approach that can be exploited for drug development against PTPs. Unlike active-site inhibitors, allosteric inhibitors exhibit a remarkable target-selectivity, drug-likeness, potency, and in vivo activity. Intriguingly, there has been a high interest in novel allosteric PTPs inhibitors within the last years. In this review, we focus on the recent advances of allosteric inhibitors that have been explored in drug discovery and have shown an excellent result in the development of PTPs-based therapeutics. A special emphasis is placed on the structure–activity relationship and molecular mechanistic studies illustrating applications in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"42 3","pages":"1064-1110"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5901698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dan Qi, Yunyi Liu, Juan Li, Jason H. Huang, Xiaoxiao Hu, Erxi Wu
{"title":"Salinomycin as a potent anticancer stem cell agent: State of the art and future directions","authors":"Dan Qi, Yunyi Liu, Juan Li, Jason H. Huang, Xiaoxiao Hu, Erxi Wu","doi":"10.1002/med.21870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21870","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells within a tumor that can both self-renew and differentiate into other cell types forming the heterogeneous tumor bulk. Since CSCs are involved in all aspects of cancer development, including tumor initiation, cell proliferation, metastatic dissemination, therapy resistance, and recurrence, they have emerged as attractive targets for cancer treatment and management. Salinomycin, a widely used antibiotic in poultry farming, was identified by the Weinberg group as a potent anti-CSC agent in 2009. As a polyether ionophore, salinomycin exerts broad-spectrum activities, including the important anti-CSC function. Studies on the mechanism of action of salinomycin against cancer have been continuously and rapidly published since then. Thus, it is imperative for us to update its literature of recent research findings in this area. We here summarize the notable work reported on salinomycin's anticancer activities, intracellular binding target(s), effects on tumor microenvironment, safety, derivatives, and tumor-specific drug delivery; after that we also discuss the translational potential of salinomycin toward clinical application based on current multifaceted understandings.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"42 3","pages":"1037-1063"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/med.21870","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5721958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rita C. Assun??o Silva, Luísa Pinto, António J. Salgado
{"title":"Cell transplantation and secretome based approaches in spinal cord injury regenerative medicine","authors":"Rita C. Assun??o Silva, Luísa Pinto, António J. Salgado","doi":"10.1002/med.21865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21865","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The axonal growth-restrictive character of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) makes finding a therapeutic strategy a very demanding task, due to the postinjury events impeditive to spontaneous axonal outgrowth and regeneration. Considering SCI pathophysiology complexity, it has been suggested that an effective therapy should tackle all the SCI-related aspects and provide sensory and motor improvement to SCI patients. Thus, the current aim of any therapeutic approach for SCI relies in providing neuroprotection and support neuroregeneration. Acknowledging the current SCI treatment paradigm, cell transplantation is one of the most explored approaches for SCI with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) being in the forefront of many of these. Studies showing the beneficial effects of MSC transplantation after SCI have been proposing a paracrine action of these cells on the injured tissues, through the secretion of protective and trophic factors, rather than attributing it to the action of cells itself. This manuscript provides detailed information on the most recent data regarding the neuroregenerative effect of the secretome of MSCs as a cell-free based therapy for SCI. The main challenge of any strategy proposed for SCI treatment relies in obtaining robust preclinical evidence from in vitro and in vivo models, before moving to the clinics, so we have specifically focused on the available vertebrate and mammal models of SCI currently used in research and how can SCI field benefit from them.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"42 2","pages":"850-896"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5891070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Glycogen synthesis and beyond, a comprehensive review of GSK3 as a key regulator of metabolic pathways and a therapeutic target for treating metabolic diseases","authors":"Li Wang, Jiajia Li, Li-jun Di","doi":"10.1002/med.21867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21867","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is a highly evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinase first identified as an enzyme that regulates glycogen synthase (GS) in response to insulin stimulation, which involves GSK3 regulation of glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis. Both isoforms of GSK3, GSK3α, and GSK3β, have been implicated in many biological and pathophysiological processes. The various functions of GSK3 are indicated by its widespread distribution in multiple cell types and tissues. The studies of GSK3 activity using animal models and the observed effects of GSK3-specific inhibitors provide more insights into the roles of GSK3 in regulating energy metabolism and homeostasis. The cross-talk between GSK3 and some important energy regulators and sensors and the regulation of GSK3 in mitochondrial activity and component function further highlight the molecular mechanisms in which GSK3 is involved to regulate the metabolic activity, beyond its classical regulatory effect on GS. In this review, we summarize the specific roles of GSK3 in energy metabolism regulation in tissues that are tightly associated with energy metabolism and the functions of GSK3 in the development of metabolic disorders. We also address the impacts of GSK3 on the regulation of mitochondrial function, activity and associated metabolic regulation. The application of GSK3 inhibitors in clinical tests will be highlighted too. Interactions between GSK3 and important energy regulators and GSK3-mediated responses to different stresses that are related to metabolism are described to provide a brief overview of previously less-appreciated biological functions of GSK3 in energy metabolism and associated diseases through its regulation of GS and other functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"42 2","pages":"946-982"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/med.21867","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5687323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Magnavacca, Enrico Sangiovanni, Giorgio Racagni, Mario Dell'Agli
{"title":"The antiviral and immunomodulatory activities of propolis: An update and future perspectives for respiratory diseases","authors":"Andrea Magnavacca, Enrico Sangiovanni, Giorgio Racagni, Mario Dell'Agli","doi":"10.1002/med.21866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21866","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Propolis is a complex natural product that possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties mainly attributed to the high content in flavonoids, phenolic acids, and their derivatives. The chemical composition of propolis is multifarious, as it depends on the botanical sources from which honeybees collect resins and exudates. Nevertheless, despite this variability propolis may have a general pharmacological value, and this review systematically compiles, for the first time, the existing preclinical and clinical evidence of propolis activities as an antiviral and immunomodulatory agent, focusing on the possible application in respiratory diseases. In vitro and in vivo assays have demonstrated propolis broad-spectrum effects on viral infectivity and replication, as well as the modulatory actions on cytokine production and immune cell activation as part of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Clinical trials confirmed propolis undeniable potential as an effective therapeutic agent; however, the lack of rigorous randomized clinical trials in the context of respiratory diseases is tangible. Since propolis is available as a dietary supplement, possible use for the prevention of respiratory diseases and their deleterious inflammatory drawbacks on the respiratory tract in humans is considered and discussed. This review opens up new perspectives on the clinical investigation of neglected propolis biological properties which, now more than ever, are particularly relevant with respect to the recent outbreaks of pandemic respiratory infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"42 2","pages":"897-945"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/med.21866","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5673098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lipidomic landscape in cancer: Actionable insights for membrane-based therapy and diagnoses","authors":"Prema K. Agarwala, Ritu Aneja, Shobhna Kapoor","doi":"10.1002/med.21868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21868","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cancer cells display altered cellular lipid metabolism, including disruption in endogenous lipid synthesis, storage, and exogenous uptake for membrane biogenesis and functions. Altered lipid metabolism and, consequently, lipid composition impacts cellular function by affecting membrane structure and properties, such as fluidity, rigidity, membrane dynamics, and lateral organization. Herein, we provide an overview of lipid membranes and how their properties affect cellular functions. We also detail how the rewiring of lipid metabolism impacts the lipidomic landscape of cancer cell membranes and influences the characteristics of cancer cells. Furthermore, we discuss how the altered cancer lipidome provides cues for developing lipid-inspired innovative therapeutic and diagnostic strategies while improving our limited understanding of the role of lipids in cancer initiation and progression. We also present the arcade of membrane characterization techniques to cement their relevance in cancer diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"42 2","pages":"983-1018"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6125886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guillem Macip, Pol Garcia-Segura, Júlia Mestres-Truyol, Bryan Saldivar-Espinoza, María José Ojeda-Montes, Aleix Gimeno, Adrià Cereto-Massagué, Santiago Garcia-Vallvé, Gerard Pujadas
{"title":"Haste makes waste: A critical review of docking-based virtual screening in drug repurposing for SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M-pro) inhibition","authors":"Guillem Macip, Pol Garcia-Segura, Júlia Mestres-Truyol, Bryan Saldivar-Espinoza, María José Ojeda-Montes, Aleix Gimeno, Adrià Cereto-Massagué, Santiago Garcia-Vallvé, Gerard Pujadas","doi":"10.1002/med.21862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21862","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review makes a critical evaluation of 61 peer-reviewed manuscripts that use a docking step in a virtual screening (VS) protocol to predict SARS-CoV-2 M-pro (M-pro) inhibitors in approved or investigational drugs. Various manuscripts predict different compounds, even when they use a similar initial dataset and methodology, and most of them do not validate their methodology or results. In addition, a set of known 150 SARS-CoV-2 M-pro inhibitors extracted from the literature and a second set of 81 M-pro inhibitors and 113 inactive compounds obtained from the COVID Moonshot project were used to evaluate the reliability of using docking scores as feasible predictors of the potency of a SARS-CoV-2 M-pro inhibitor. Using two SARS-CoV-2 M-pro structures and five protein-ligand docking programs, we proved that the correlation between the pIC<sub>50</sub> and docking scores is not good. Neither was any correlation found between the pIC<sub>50</sub> and the ∆G calculated with an MM-GBSA method. When a group of experimentally known inactive compounds was added, neither the docking scores or the ∆G were able to distinguish between compounds with or without M-pro experimental inhibitory activity. Performances improved when covalent and noncovalent inhibitors were treated separately, but were not good enough to fully support using a docking score as a cutoff value for selecting new putative M-pro inhibitors or predicting the relative bioactivity of a compound by comparison with a reference compound. The two sets of known SARS-CoV-2 M-pro inhibitors presented here could be used for validating future VS protocols which aim to predict M-pro inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":207,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Research Reviews","volume":"42 2","pages":"744-769"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/med.21862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6060858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}