Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics最新文献

{"title":"The Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale and Its Abbreviated Version: A Critical Review of Clinimetric Properties","authors":"Guy Chouinard, F. Cosci, V. Chouinard, Larry Alphs","doi":"10.1159/000535113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000535113","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale – Abbreviated (ESRS-A) is an abbreviated version of the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) with instructions, definitions, and a semi-structured interview that follows clinimetric concepts of measuring clinical symptoms. Similar to the ESRS, the ESRS-A was developed to assess four types of drug-induced movement disorders (DIMD): parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia, and tardive dyskinesia (TD). Summary: The present review of the literature provides the most relevant clinimetric properties displayed by the ESRS and ESRS-A in clinical studies. Comprehensive ESRS-A definitions, official scale, and basic instructions are provided. ESRS inter-rater reliability was evaluated in two pivotal studies and in multicenter international studies. Inter-rater reliability was high for assessing both antipsychotic-induced movement disorders and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Guidelines were also established for inter-rater reliability and the rater certification processes. The ESRS showed good concurrent validity with 96% agreement between Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) for TD-defined cases and ESRS-defined cases. Similarly, concurrent validity for ESRS-A total and subscores for parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia, and dyskinesia ranged from good to very good. The ESRS was particularly sensitive for detecting DIMD-related movement differences following treatment with placebo, antipsychotics, and antiparkinsonian and antidyskinetic medications. ESRS measurement of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms was shown to discriminate extrapyramidal symptoms from psychiatric symptoms. Key Messages: The ESRS and ESRS-A are valid clinimetric indices for measuring DIMD. They can be valuably implemented in clinical research, particularly in trials testing antipsychotic medications, and in clinics to detect the presence, severity, and response to treatment of movement disorders.","PeriodicalId":20744,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138592958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front & Back Matter","authors":"J. Guidi, G. Fava, J. Leon","doi":"10.1159/000531618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000531618","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20744,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45262566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front & Back Matter","authors":"J. Guidi, J. Leon","doi":"10.1159/000531123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000531123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20744,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":22.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48796852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"At the head and heart of oxytocin: An RCT investigating stress-regulatory neural and cardiac effects of chronic administration in children with autism","authors":"K. Alaerts, N. Daniels, M. Moerkerke, Margaux Evenepoel, Tiffany Tang, S. Van der Donck, V. Chubar, Stephan Claes, Jean Steyaert, Bart Boets, J. Prinsen","doi":"10.1101/2023.04.04.23288109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.04.04.23288109","url":null,"abstract":"Intranasal administration of oxytocin is increasingly explored as a new approach to facilitate social development and reduce disability associated with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In light of the growing number of trials, it is crucial to gain deeper insights into the neuroplastic changes that are induced from multiple-dose, chronic use of oxytocin, over a course of weeks. To date however, the neuromodulatory impact of oxytocin in the pediatric brains remains unknown. Here, we present a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pharmaco-neuroimaging trial examining the neural effects of a four-week intranasal oxytocin administration regime (12 IU, twice daily) in pre-pubertal school-aged children with ASD (8-12 years, 45 boys, 12 girls). Resting-state fMRI scanning and simultaneous, in-scanner heart rate measurements were assessed before, immediately after and four weeks after the nasal spray administration period. Four weeks of chronic oxytocin administration in children with ASD induced significant reductions in intrinsic functional connectivity between amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex, particularly at the four-week follow-up session, thereby replicating prior observations of neuromodulatory changes in the adult brain. Notably, the observed reductions in amygdala-orbitofrontal connectivity were associated with improved autonomic stress-regulation, indexed by increased high-frequency heart rate variability. Further, oxytocin-related neural and cardiac autonomic effects were significantly modulated by epigenetic modifications of the oxytocin receptor gene, indicating that oxytocin-induced stress-regulatory effects were more pronounced in children with reduced epigenetic methylation, and thus higher oxytocin receptor expression. Finally, whole-brain exploratory functional connectivity analyses also revealed an overall oxytocin-induced enhancing effect on amygdala coupling to regions of the salience network (insula, anterior cingulate cortex), likely reflective of oxytocin-induced (social) salience effects. Together, these observations provide initial insights into the stress-regulatory neural and cardiac effects induced by chronic oxytocin administration in children with ASD, and point toward important epigenetic modulators that may explain inter-individual variations in oxytocin-induced responses.","PeriodicalId":20744,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics","volume":"1 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":22.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46705289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines Circulated for the Prescription of Benzodiazepines Are Out of Synch with Clinical Practice and Evidence-Based Reviews.","authors":"David Fogelson","doi":"10.1159/000527817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000527817","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20744,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics","volume":"92 1","pages":"65-66"},"PeriodicalIF":22.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9138861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Mindfulness for Youth (MYmind) versus Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Improving Attention and Reducing Behavioral Problems among Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Their Parents: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Samuel Yeung Shan Wong, Stanley Kam Chung Chan, Benjamin Hon Kei Yip, Wenyue Wang, Herman Hay Ming Lo, Dexing Zhang, Susan M Bögels","doi":"10.1159/000534962","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000534962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is a lack of studies evaluating mindfulness-based interventions for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with an evidence-based control. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the effects of mindfulness for youth (MYmind) in improving children's attention, behavior, and parent-related outcomes versus cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 138 families of children with ADHD aged 8-12 years were recruited from the community with 69 randomized to MYmind and 69 to CBT. Participants were assessed at baseline, immediately after intervention, at 3 months and 6 months. The primary outcome was the attention score of the Sky Search subtest of the Test of Everyday Attention for Children (TEA-Ch). Secondary outcomes were child behavior and parent-related assessments. Linear mixed models were used to assess the efficacy of MYmind compared with CBT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both MYmind and CBT significantly improved children's attention score at 6 months (MYmind: β = 1.48, p = 0.013, Cohen's d = 0.32; CBT: β = 1.46, p = 0.008, d = 0.27). There were significant within-group improvements in most secondary outcomes. No significant difference was shown for both primary or secondary outcomes between the two arms at any time point.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both MYmind and CBT appeared to improve children's attention and behavior outcomes, although no difference was found between these two interventions. This is the largest RCT so far comparing MYmind and CBT although there was loss of follow-up assessments during the pandemic. Further RCTs adopting a non-inferiority design are needed to validate the results.</p>","PeriodicalId":20744,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics","volume":" ","pages":"379-390"},"PeriodicalIF":22.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10794968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138478360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Illness Denial in Medical Conditions: The Time Has Come to Include It in DSM Iterations.","authors":"Thomas N Wise","doi":"10.1159/000533287","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000533287","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20744,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics","volume":" ","pages":"292-294"},"PeriodicalIF":22.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10716871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10217833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Development of Symptoms and Staging in Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology: A Tribute to Giovanni Fava.","authors":"Ulrich Schnyder","doi":"10.1159/000527462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000527462","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of diagnostic manuals, such as the first mention of mental disorders in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-6) in 1948 [1] and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 1952 [2], was a big step forward in the fields of psychiatry and clinical psychology. The operationalization of diagnostic criteria for mental disorders such as depression or schizophrenia, which lacked characteristic morphological features or laboratory biomarkers, greatly increased the reliability of clinicians’ diagnoses and their capacity to communicate with one another. However, those classifications were based on a cross-sectional view and informed clinicians, researchers, patients, and their relatives only little about the expected longitudinal course and development of a mental disorder. More specifically, cross-sectional diagnostics did not inform about trajectories of symptom severity over time, individual characteristics and combinations of symptoms, or comorbidities. Such elements are important when it comes to developing a sequential treatment plan and adjusting it as illness characteristics and symptom levels change over time. As early as 1967, Feinstein encouraged clinicians to develop their own “basic science” to use clinical phenomena and data to generate classification systems and to ultimately analyze the clinical process quantitatively [3]. Feinstein appears to have been a lone voice calling in the wilderness at that time though.","PeriodicalId":20744,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics","volume":"92 1","pages":"4-8"},"PeriodicalIF":22.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10570123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients as Health Producers: The Psychosomatic Foundation of Lifestyle Medicine.","authors":"Giovanni A Fava","doi":"10.1159/000529953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000529953","url":null,"abstract":"N/A.","PeriodicalId":20744,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics","volume":"92 2","pages":"81-86"},"PeriodicalIF":22.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9949292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Reality Exposure to a Healthy Weight Body Is a Promising Adjunct Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa.","authors":"Simone C Behrens,&nbsp;Joachim Tesch,&nbsp;Philine J B Sun,&nbsp;Sebastian Starke,&nbsp;Michael J Black,&nbsp;Hannah Schneider,&nbsp;Jacopo Pruccoli,&nbsp;Stephan Zipfel,&nbsp;Katrin E Giel","doi":"10.1159/000530932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000530932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objective: </strong>Treatment results of anorexia nervosa (AN) are modest, with fear of weight gain being a strong predictor of treatment outcome and relapse. Here, we present a virtual reality (VR) setup for exposure to healthy weight and evaluate its potential as an adjunct treatment for AN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In two studies, we investigate VR experience and clinical effects of VR exposure to higher weight in 20 women with high weight concern or shape concern and in 20 women with AN.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In study 1, 90% of participants (18/20) reported symptoms of high arousal but verbalized low to medium levels of fear. Study 2 demonstrated that VR exposure to healthy weight induced high arousal in patients with AN and yielded a trend that four sessions of exposure improved fear of weight gain. Explorative analyses revealed three clusters of individual reactions to exposure, which need further exploration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VR exposure is a well-accepted and powerful tool for evoking fear of weight gain in patients with AN. We observed a statistical trend that repeated virtual exposure to healthy weight improved fear of weight gain with large effect sizes. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms and differential effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":20744,"journal":{"name":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics","volume":"92 3","pages":"170-179"},"PeriodicalIF":22.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10326841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9766041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}