Neal D Shore, Daniel J George, Nasreen Khan, Niculae Constantinovici, Guifang Chen, Mercedeh Ghadessi, Vlasta Hlebec, Alicia K Morgans
{"title":"Correspondence: persistence, progression, and PSA: what exactly does DEAR-EXT compare? Yanping Zhu, Xiaohui Wang, Yang Zhang, Shuangwu Lv.","authors":"Neal D Shore, Daniel J George, Nasreen Khan, Niculae Constantinovici, Guifang Chen, Mercedeh Ghadessi, Vlasta Hlebec, Alicia K Morgans","doi":"10.1038/s41391-026-01147-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-026-01147-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20727,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aidan S Weitzner, Soum D Lokeshwar, Craig Cronin, Achyutha Kodavatikanti, Philipp Korn, Joseph G Cheaib, Zhuo Tony Su, Nirmish Singla
{"title":"Utilization patterns of second-generation androgen receptor pathway inhibitors as first-line therapy for prostate cancer in the United States.","authors":"Aidan S Weitzner, Soum D Lokeshwar, Craig Cronin, Achyutha Kodavatikanti, Philipp Korn, Joseph G Cheaib, Zhuo Tony Su, Nirmish Singla","doi":"10.1038/s41391-026-01146-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-026-01146-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Second-generation androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) have transformed treatment for patients with advanced prostate cancer. Despite overlapping indications and comparable efficacy among these ARPIs, their staggered market entry and differing toxicity profiles may influence real-world prescribing. We characterized temporal trends and utilization patterns of these agents as frontline treatment for advanced prostate cancer in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the Merative MarketScan database, we identified patients with prostate cancer receiving enzalutamide, apalutamide, or darolutamide between 2012 and 2023. ARPI therapy was classified as first-line if initiated after ≥180 days of continuous enrollment. Annual proportions of first-line initiation and overall utilization of ARPIs were assessed descriptively. Comparisons by geographic status, urbanicity, insurance plan, and metastatic status were evaluated using chi-squared testing and multivariable modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1.1 million individuals with prostate cancer, 3773 patients received ARPI therapy, of whom 1914 met criteria for first-line analysis. Use of first-line darolutamide steadily increased, rising to 42% in 2023 and surpassing enzalutamide. First-line ARPI selection did not differ significantly by region, urbanicity, insurance, or metastatic status. Overall ARPI utilization increased 21-fold over the study period, with enzalutamide remaining the most common agent. In 2023, a higher proportion of darolutamide fills occurred in metropolitan areas (p = 0.0008), and among metastatic patients (p = 0.0058).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Darolutamide rapidly emerged as the most selected first-line ARPI by 2023, without consistently observed differences by patient demographics. However, continued dominance of enzalutamide for overall fills may highlight durability of legacy therapy, particularly among non-metropolitan and non-metastatic populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20727,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148766128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simone Albisinni, Tanya Dorff, Yao Zhu, Cosimo De Nunzio
{"title":"Beyond the Scalpel: how the PROTEUS trial redefines the role of the radical prostatectomy.","authors":"Simone Albisinni, Tanya Dorff, Yao Zhu, Cosimo De Nunzio","doi":"10.1038/s41391-026-01141-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41391-026-01141-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20727,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148721726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luciano O Souza, Despoina G Papoutsi, José M A Moreira
{"title":"From fungus fighter to cancer slayer: itraconazole as a multifaceted candidate for drug-resistant prostate cancer.","authors":"Luciano O Souza, Despoina G Papoutsi, José M A Moreira","doi":"10.1038/s41391-026-01142-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-026-01142-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains a lethal disease state with limited durable responses to existing therapies, including taxane-based chemotherapy. Resistance mechanisms are multifactorial and incompletely addressed by current treatments. Drug repurposing offers an accelerated pathway for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in treatment-resistant disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review synthesizes preclinical mechanistic data and clinical experience with itraconazole (ITZ), a clinically approved triazole antifungal, across prostate cancer and other malignancies. We evaluate the signaling pathways targeted by ITZ, barriers to its clinical translation, and opportunities for biomarker-driven combination therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ITZ functions as a pleiotropic anticancer compound that modulates multiple pathways implicated in prostate cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, including Hedgehog/GLI, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as well as drug efflux transporters. Preclinical studies demonstrate that ITZ reverses ABCB1-mediated docetaxel resistance, suppresses Hedgehog/GLI1 signaling, and inhibits cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Despite compelling mechanistic rationale, clinical activity in mCRPC has been modest, with limited durable responses, underscoring a translational disconnect. Advancement of ITZ into clinical practice is constrained by pharmacokinetic challenges, dose-limiting toxicities, and the lack of validated predictive biomarkers to identify responsive patient subsets. Emerging evidence further suggests potential synergy with immune checkpoint inhibitors through tumor microenvironment modulation, though this remains unexplored in prostate cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ITZ represents a potential adjunctive strategy to standard therapies within rationally designed, biomarker-stratified combination regimens for mCRPC. Target populations include patients with PTEN-null tumors (elevated Hh/GLI and PI3K/AKT signaling), ABCB1-overexpressing tumors (taxane resistance), or those progressing after AR pathway inhibitor therapy. Clinical advancement will require pharmacological optimization, development and validation of patient stratification biomarkers (GLI1/PTCH1, PTEN status, ABCB1 expression), and integration with therapies targeting complementary resistance pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":20727,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148685723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jane McKenzie, Lauren Howard, Joseph J Park, Bilal Ashraf, Tara Seibert, Kallie White, Sundhar Ramalingam, Jeffrey W Shevach, Michael R Harrison, Christopher Hoimes, Matthew Labriola, Jordan Infield, Dillon Cockrell, Hannah D McManus, Daniel J George, Andrew J Armstrong
{"title":"Clinical and genomic determinants of extraordinary response and resistance to androgen receptor pathway inhibitors in men with metastatic androgen pathway modulator sensitive (APMS) prostate cancer.","authors":"Jane McKenzie, Lauren Howard, Joseph J Park, Bilal Ashraf, Tara Seibert, Kallie White, Sundhar Ramalingam, Jeffrey W Shevach, Michael R Harrison, Christopher Hoimes, Matthew Labriola, Jordan Infield, Dillon Cockrell, Hannah D McManus, Daniel J George, Andrew J Armstrong","doi":"10.1038/s41391-026-01145-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-026-01145-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Identifying clinical and genomic predictors of response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI) for metastatic androgen pathway modulator sensitive (APMS) prostate cancer is essential for improving therapeutic decision-making. Divergent outcomes are observed in practice, with some achieving exceptional responses (ER) while others experience early resistance or non-response (NR), the biologic basis of which remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review was conducted of patients with APMS prescribed ADT/ARPI from 2015-2024. ER and NR were defined by upper ( > 53.36 months) and lower ( < 10.41 months) quartiles of progression-free survival (PFS). Objectives were to associate baseline genomic and clinical factors with ER/NR status, PFS, overall survival (OS) and PSA kinetics..</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3363 prescribed ADT/ARPI, 224 were treated for APMS, with 154 (69%) undergoing temporal molecular testing. Alteration of ≥1 tumor suppressor gene with or without proliferative gene co-alteration was associated with NR while no single alteration predicted achieving ER. ECOG < 1, lack of pain, low-volume disease, higher hemoglobin and albumin, and normal alkaline phosphatase were associated with improved PFS, OS, and PSA nadir <0.2 ng/mL at 12 months. Alterations in TP53 (HR 1.60 [95%CI 1.02-2.50], p = 0.039; HR 1.91 [95%CI 1.05-3.49], p = 0.035) and MYC (HR 2.01 [95%CI 1.03-3.91], p = 0.040; HR 3.81 [95%CI 1.81-7.99], p < 0.001) were associated with inferior PFS and OS, while BRCA2 (HR 2.12 [95%CI 1.02-4.42], p = 0.045) additionally associated with PFS, and RAD21 (HR 2.55 [95%CI 1.13-5.77], p = 0.024) with OS. On multivariable analysis, MYC gain associated with OS (HR 4.41 [95%CI 1.24-15.7], p = 0.022). Pathway-level analysis showed proliferative gene alterations were associated with failure to achieve PSA nadir <0.2 ng/mL at 12 months (HR 0.49 [95%CI 0.24, 0.98], p = 0.047).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this real-world APMS cohort, we identified pre-treatment clinical and genomic predictors of patient benefits and long-term survival with ADT/ARPI therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20727,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148679723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucy Lu, Julian Xu, Zhuqing Shi, Valentina Engelmann, Huy Tran, Jun Wei, Annabelle Ashworth, Brandon Cornell, Christopher Pieczonka, William B Isaacs, S Lilly Zheng, Brian T Helfand, Jun Luo, Jianfeng Xu, Jim Lu
{"title":"Germline genetic risk and prostate cancer-specific mortality in a population-based incident cohort.","authors":"Lucy Lu, Julian Xu, Zhuqing Shi, Valentina Engelmann, Huy Tran, Jun Wei, Annabelle Ashworth, Brandon Cornell, Christopher Pieczonka, William B Isaacs, S Lilly Zheng, Brian T Helfand, Jun Luo, Jianfeng Xu, Jim Lu","doi":"10.1038/s41391-026-01140-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-026-01140-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple germline variants are associated with prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility and aggressive features; however, their value for predicting prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) at the time of diagnosis remains uncertain, particularly among men with clinically localized disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated associations between germline risk factors and PCSM among 14,644 men with incident PCa in the UK Biobank. Associations between PCSM and reported germline risk factors, including 11 genes recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), nine other candidate genes, two common variants [KLK3 (I179T) and HSD3B1 (1245 A > C)], and three polygenic risk scores (PRSs), were tested using Fine-Gray competing-risk models accounting for non-PCa mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 6.73 years after diagnosis, 1581 men (10.8%) died from PCa. PVs in three NCCN-recommended DNA damage-repair genes (BRCA2, MSH6, PALB2) were individually associated with increased PCSM and were defined as Tier-1. Aggregated PVs in seven additional NCCN-recommended DDR genes (Tier-2) and the KLK3 I179T variant were also independently associated with PCSM. In contrast, HOXB13, nine other candidate genes, HSD3B1, and all three PRSs were not associated with cumulative PCSM risk. Overall, 14.45% of men carried Tier-1 or Tier-2 PVs and/or KLK3 I179T and experienced significantly earlier PCa-specific mortality. Importantly, associations remained significant among men without metastatic disease at diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reported inherited susceptibility to PCa does not uniformly confer risk of lethal progression. Germline PVs in NCCN-recommended DDR genes and the KLK3 I179T variant identify a subset of men at elevated risk of PCSM, including those with apparently localized disease. These findings support consideration of selected germline markers for prognostic risk stratification at diagnosis to inform individualized management decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20727,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesco Ditonno, Alessandro Veccia, Rui M Bernardino, Matteo Brunelli, Luca Cindolo, Giovanni Ferrari, Ugo Falagario, Jane K Nguyen, Riccardo Autorino, Riccardo Bertolo, Alessandro Antonelli
{"title":"Prognostic value of cribriform pattern and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate after radical prostatectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis using contemporary consensus recommendations.","authors":"Francesco Ditonno, Alessandro Veccia, Rui M Bernardino, Matteo Brunelli, Luca Cindolo, Giovanni Ferrari, Ugo Falagario, Jane K Nguyen, Riccardo Autorino, Riccardo Bertolo, Alessandro Antonelli","doi":"10.1038/s41391-026-01143-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-026-01143-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cribriform pattern (CP) and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) are recognised as adverse histopathological markers. However, their precise prognostic weight in the post-radical prostatectomy (RP) setting remains poorly standardised. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the association between CP/IDC-P and biochemical recurrence (BCR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published from 2016 onwards, coinciding with the 2016 WHO and subsequent ISUP consensus recommendations. The primary endpoint was BCR. Hazard ratios (HR) were synthesised using random-effects models with restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight retrospective studies were eligible for quantitative synthesis. The cumulative prevalence of CP/IDC-P was 27%. On univariable analysis, CP/IDC-P was significantly associated with BCR (HR: 2.76; 95% CI: 2.23-3.41). This association remained robust in multivariable models adjusting for pathological stage and Grade Group (HR: 2.59; 95% CI: 1.44-4.67) and CAPRA-based preoperative frameworks (HR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.03-3.08). Isolated CP demonstrated a more stable prognostic signal (HR: 3.16) compared to IDC-P (HR: 4.24), the latter being characterised by wider prediction intervals. The main limitations include the retrospective nature of primary studies and the inherent risk of confounding.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CP and IDC-P are potent, independent predictors of BCR following RP. These findings support the mandatory reporting of such architectures according to ISUP standards and their integration into contemporary post-surgical risk-stratification algorithms to optimise follow-up and adjuvant therapy selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20727,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mattia Sibona, Wayne Kuang, Paolo Gontero, Silvia Secco, Luca Cindolo
{"title":"Counseling is counseling is counseling is counseling - The evolution of LUTS/BPO care.","authors":"Mattia Sibona, Wayne Kuang, Paolo Gontero, Silvia Secco, Luca Cindolo","doi":"10.1038/s41391-026-01144-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-026-01144-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20727,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamad Watfa, Kristina Dortche, Gagan Fervaha, Salim K Younis, Abdulrahman Al-Bayati, Betty Wang, Rui M Bernardino, Jesse K McKenney, Samuel Haywood, Ruben Olivares, Riccardo Autorino, Jihad Kaouk, Christopher J Weight, Zeyad R Schwen, Jane K Nguyen
{"title":"Long-term oncologic outcomes of patients with grade group 1 prostate cancer and pT3a disease on final pathology.","authors":"Mohamad Watfa, Kristina Dortche, Gagan Fervaha, Salim K Younis, Abdulrahman Al-Bayati, Betty Wang, Rui M Bernardino, Jesse K McKenney, Samuel Haywood, Ruben Olivares, Riccardo Autorino, Jihad Kaouk, Christopher J Weight, Zeyad R Schwen, Jane K Nguyen","doi":"10.1038/s41391-026-01138-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-026-01138-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Grade Group 1 (GG1) prostate cancer is biologically indolent and typically managed with active surveillance (AS), yet pT3a pathology is occasionally identified at radical prostatectomy (RP). Its prognostic significance in GG1 disease remains incompletely defined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective cohort of 40 patients with GG1 and pT3a disease on RP (2000-2022), confirmed on central pathologic re-review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four patients developed biochemical recurrence (BCR); the cumulative incidence of BCR was 3.2% at 5 years and 10.3% at 15 years. No patient developed metastatic disease or prostate cancer-specific mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GG1 pT3a prostate cancer demonstrates excellent long-term outcomes. Adverse histologic features, not pathological stage alone, drive clinically meaningful risk. Late, stable PSA detectability alone does not signify meaningful recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":20727,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148472472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlo Silvani, Alfonso Santangelo, Alex Stephens, Jack Considine, Benjamin Robinson, Michael Niculcea, Akshay Sood, Sebastiano Nazzani, Alberto Briganti, Andrea Salonia, Francesco Montorsi, Nicola Nicolai, Emanuele Montanari, Craig Rogers, Firas Abdollah
{"title":"No racial disparities in prostate cancer-specific mortality after biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy","authors":"Carlo Silvani, Alfonso Santangelo, Alex Stephens, Jack Considine, Benjamin Robinson, Michael Niculcea, Akshay Sood, Sebastiano Nazzani, Alberto Briganti, Andrea Salonia, Francesco Montorsi, Nicola Nicolai, Emanuele Montanari, Craig Rogers, Firas Abdollah","doi":"10.1038/s41391-026-01132-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41391-026-01132-5","url":null,"abstract":"Racial disparities in prostate cancer are well-documented, with Black men experiencing twice the mortality of White men. While prior studies suggest these disparities reflect inequitable access rather than biology, only few studies have examined this in the biochemical recurrence setting, where screening and initial treatment biases are eliminated. We compared cancer-specific mortality and other-cause mortality between non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) men with biochemical recurrence after initial treatment. This retrospective single health system study included patients who developed BCR after radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy between 1995 and 2023. Primary outcome was cancer-specific mortality. Fine-Gray competing risk models assessed race-CSM association, stratified by treatment and adjusted for European Association of Urology biochemical recurrence risk classification. Among 968 patients (431 NHB, 44.5%; 537 NHW, 55.5%), median follow-up was 5.5 years from biochemical recurrence. Other-cause mortality was similar (Gray’s test p = 0.35 radical prostatectomy, p = 0.41 radiation therapy). Ten-year cancer-specific mortality estimates were similar after radical prostatectomy (6.7% both races; NHB versus NHW HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.49–1.71, p = 0.8) and radiation therapy (NHB 26.7% versus NHW 32.4%; HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.44–1.14, p = 0.16). Limitations include single-center design and retrospective methodology. In this racially diverse single-center cohort, we found no racial disparities in cancer-specific mortality or other-cause mortality after biochemical recurrence. These findings support that racial disparities reflect modifiable access barriers rather than biological differences, emphasizing the importance of equitable care delivery.","PeriodicalId":20727,"journal":{"name":"Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases","volume":"29 4","pages":"885-891"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148423540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}