Psychopathology最新文献_第8页

What Is It Like to Be in Alcohol Addiction Recovery? A Dialectical Phenomenological Analysis. 酗酒戒毒是一种怎样的体验？辩证现象学分析》。

IF 1.9 3区医学

Psychopathology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1159/000538267

Victor Monteiro, Lucas Bloc, Guilherme Messas

{"title":"What Is It Like to Be in Alcohol Addiction Recovery? A Dialectical Phenomenological Analysis.","authors":"Victor Monteiro, Lucas Bloc, Guilherme Messas","doi":"10.1159/000538267","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538267","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Currently, there is no scientific consensus on the concept of alcohol addiction recovery beyond substance use control. This conceptual issue challenges the implementation of therapeutic strategies and mental health policies that are unrestricted to symptomatic remission. Aiming to contribute to its definition, this study aimed to examine the recovery experience of individuals with alcohol addiction using dialectical phenomenological psychopathology (DPP) as a theoretical and methodological framework.Methods: A dialectical phenomenological analysis was conducted through an examination of online interviews with eight Brazilian, São Paulo state citizens who were self-declared to be undergoing alcohol addiction recovery (or who declared that they had completely recovered).Results: Participants' reports generated eight categories that were subdivided into two groups. The first group indicated experiential elements of recovery, such as changes in self-relation, changes in interpersonal relations, and changes in time relations, giving new meanings to suffering and alcohol use, and recovery as a continuous process. The second group referred to how the participants interpreted recovery according to their worldviews: as a spiritual experience, moral reformation, and mentality change.Conclusion: These categories can be understood through the lens of DPP as a process of change in the subjects' being in the world, characterized by the continued management of their existential imbalances in the dimensions of spatiality, temporality, selfhood, and intersubjectivity. The results are preliminary when it comes to conceptualizing recovery but may help future studies to develop recovery-oriented therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":20723,"journal":{"name":"Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":"377-388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140959161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temperament Traits in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Relation to Tourette Syndrome and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. 小儿强迫症的气质特征与图雷特综合征和注意力缺陷多动障碍的关系。

IF 1.9 3区医学

Psychopathology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1159/000535658

Jessica Szu-Chi Cheng, Elissa Khalil, Masoud Salehi, Lauren Mulcahy, Isabella Yiru Xie, Hasti Hadizadeh, Marco A Grados

{"title":"Temperament Traits in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Relation to Tourette Syndrome and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.","authors":"Jessica Szu-Chi Cheng, Elissa Khalil, Masoud Salehi, Lauren Mulcahy, Isabella Yiru Xie, Hasti Hadizadeh, Marco A Grados","doi":"10.1159/000535658","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535658","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Tourette syndrome (TS) are often concurrent. This study explores the temperament profile of complex OCD phenotypes.Methods: A clinical registry recorded demographic data, psychiatric diagnoses, and temperament traits, including novelty seeking (exploratory behaviors), harm avoidance (fear of uncertainty), reward dependence (sentimentality), and persistence (perseverance). Temperament data were accrued from the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI). Participants were divided into (1) OCD only; (2) OCD+ADHD or TS; and (3) OCD+ADHD+TS to compare temperament.Results: Participants include 126 youths with OCD (61.9% male, 88.9% white) between the ages 6 and 18 years (12.7 ± 3.1). Among the three groups, the complex neurodevelopmental disorder group OCD+ADHD+TS expresses the highest novelty seeking and lowest persistence. Harm avoidance is increased in all groups compared to reference controls, irrespective of concurrent ADHD or TS. For the OCD+ADHD+TS group, contamination and washing symptoms have higher novelty seeking (p < 0.01), while counting and ordering have lower novelty seeking (p < 0.05). Harm avoidance is increased with aggressive, somatic, and checking symptoms in OCD only (p < 0.01), while persistence is increased with repeating and counting symptoms in the comorbid groups (OCD+ADHD or TS, OCD+ADHD+TS).Discussion/conclusion: The complex subtype, OCD+ADHD+TS, is associated with high novelty seeking and low persistence, while high harm avoidance is linked to pediatric OCD irrespective of ADHD or TS co-occurrence. In sum, pediatric OCD with ADHD and TS confers a unique temperament profile, further refining complex phenotypes of pediatric OCD for future research.","PeriodicalId":20723,"journal":{"name":"Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":"192-201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11147693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disembodiment and Affective Resonances in Esketamine Treatment of Depersonalized Depression Subtype: Two Case Studies. Esketamine 治疗人格解体抑郁症亚型中的非人格化和情感共振：两个案例研究。

IF 1.9 3区医学

Psychopathology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1159/000539714

Pietro Sarasso, Martina Billeci, Irene Ronga, Fabiola Raffone, Vassilis Martiadis, Gilberto Di Petta

{"title":"Disembodiment and Affective Resonances in Esketamine Treatment of Depersonalized Depression Subtype: Two Case Studies.","authors":"Pietro Sarasso, Martina Billeci, Irene Ronga, Fabiola Raffone, Vassilis Martiadis, Gilberto Di Petta","doi":"10.1159/000539714","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539714","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Dissociative experiences are considered undesirable ketamine's adverse events. However, they might be crucial for ketamine's antidepressant effects, at least in some depression subtypes. Current understandings of ketamine's therapeutic potentials converge on the so-called \"relaxed prior hypothesis,\" suggesting that glutamatergic blockage up-weights bottom-up surprising somatosensory/affective states. As a result, ketamine improves short-term plasticity in depression by enhancing sensitivity to interoceptive signals.Methods: We selected 2 case studies for their paradigmatic description of \"depersonalized depression\" (Entfremdungsdepression) symptoms. Patients were included in a 6-month-long esketamine program for treatment resistant depression, during which we collected their spontaneous experience with esketamine. According to a neurophenomenological approach, we combined subjective reports from unstructured clinical interviews and the review of previous objective neuroimaging results and neurocomputational models to unveil the relation between esketamine antidepressant effects and interoceptive sensitivity.Results: According to our clinical observations, esketamine-induced dissociation might be particularly effective in the depersonalized depression subtype, in which interoceptive awareness and interaffectivity are particularly compromised. Ketamine and esketamine's dissociative effects and particularly disembodiment might suspend previously acquired patterns of feeling, sensing, and behaving.Conclusions: Coherently with previous research, we suggest that esketamine-induced disembodiment allows for a transient window of psychological plasticity and enhanced sensitivity, where the body recovers its permeability to affective affordances.","PeriodicalId":20723,"journal":{"name":"Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":"480-491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are Traumatic Disintegration, Detachment, and Dissociation Separate Pathogenic Processes Related to Attachment Trauma? A Working Hypothesis for Clinicians and Researchers 创伤性解体、分离和解离是与依恋创伤相关的独立致病过程吗？临床医生和研究人员的工作假设

IF 3.6 3区医学

Psychopathology Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1159/000535191

B. Farina, Claudio Imperatori

{"title":"Are Traumatic Disintegration, Detachment, and Dissociation Separate Pathogenic Processes Related to Attachment Trauma? A Working Hypothesis for Clinicians and Researchers","authors":"B. Farina, Claudio Imperatori","doi":"10.1159/000535191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000535191","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite its high prevalence in all psychiatric disorders and its widely demonstrated clinical relevance as a marker of both clinical severity and poorer treatment response, a scientifically validated definition of dissociation remains controversial, and the understanding of its pathogenesis is still somewhat lacking. Furthermore, although most clinicians commonly refer to dissociation as a single unitary concept, the empirical evidence strongly supports the paucity of a one-dimensional approach to dissociation. Summary: Resonating with the clinical and neuroscientific data on this topic, this article aimed to provide a working hypothesis, suggesting that the wide variety of psychopathological phenomena that are currently improperly lumped into the category of dissociation are in fact produced by at least three different pathogenic processes involved in developmental trauma, namely, traumatic disintegration, detachment responses, and dissociation. Key Messages: This hypothesis should, therefore, be considered a starting point for a better understanding of the complex manifestations and processes that currently overly, attributed to dissociation per se.","PeriodicalId":20723,"journal":{"name":"Psychopathology","volume":"58 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138588218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Automatic diagnosis of schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in rs-fMRI modality using convolutional autoencoder model and interval type-2 fuzzy regression. 基于卷积自编码器模型和区间2型模糊回归的rs-fMRI模式自动诊断精神分裂症和注意缺陷多动障碍

IF 1.9 3区医学

Psychopathology Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-11-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09897-w

Afshin Shoeibi, Navid Ghassemi, Marjane Khodatars, Parisa Moridian, Abbas Khosravi, Assef Zare, Juan M Gorriz, Amir Hossein Chale-Chale, Ali Khadem, U Rajendra Acharya

{"title":"Automatic diagnosis of schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in rs-fMRI modality using convolutional autoencoder model and interval type-2 fuzzy regression.","authors":"Afshin Shoeibi, Navid Ghassemi, Marjane Khodatars, Parisa Moridian, Abbas Khosravi, Assef Zare, Juan M Gorriz, Amir Hossein Chale-Chale, Ali Khadem, U Rajendra Acharya","doi":"10.1007/s11571-022-09897-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11571-022-09897-w","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, many people worldwide suffer from brain disorders, and their health is in danger. So far, numerous methods have been proposed for the diagnosis of Schizophrenia (SZ) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), among which functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) modalities are known as a popular method among physicians. This paper presents an SZ and ADHD intelligent detection method of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) modality using a new deep learning method. The University of California Los Angeles dataset, which contains the rs-fMRI modalities of SZ and ADHD patients, has been used for experiments. The FMRIB software library toolbox first performed preprocessing on rs-fMRI data. Then, a convolutional Autoencoder model with the proposed number of layers is used to extract features from rs-fMRI data. In the classification step, a new fuzzy method called interval type-2 fuzzy regression (IT2FR) is introduced and then optimized by genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and gray wolf optimization (GWO) techniques. Also, the results of IT2FR methods are compared with multilayer perceptron, k-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, random forest, and decision tree, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system methods. The experiment results show that the IT2FR method with the GWO optimization algorithm has achieved satisfactory results compared to other classifier methods. Finally, the proposed classification technique was able to provide 72.71% accuracy.","PeriodicalId":20723,"journal":{"name":"Psychopathology","volume":"36 1","pages":"1501-1523"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10640504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87286390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contents Vol. 56, No. 6, 2023 目录第 56 卷第 6 期，2023 年

IF 3.6 3区医学

Psychopathology Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1159/000535111

Joachim Klosterkötter, L. Fleck, A. Fuchs, M. H. Kaess, Bern, M. Kaur, NC Greensboro, M. Sanches, TX Houston, P.K.H. Mo, G.Y.K. So, Z. Lu, W. W. Mak, Hong Kong

引用次数: 0

Front & Back Matter 正面和背面

IF 3.6 3区医学

Psychopathology Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.1159/000531326

引用次数: 0

Prelims 预备考试

IF 3.6 3区医学

Psychopathology Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.1159/000529565

引用次数: 0

Front & Back Matter 正面和背面

IF 3.6 3区医学

Psychopathology Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1159/000529990

引用次数: 0

Homo œconomicus: A Key for Understanding Late Modernity Narcissism? Homo œconomicus:理解晚期现代性自恋的一把钥匙?

IF 3.6 3区医学

Psychopathology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000525678

Giovanni Stanghellini

{"title":"Homo œconomicus: A Key for Understanding Late Modernity Narcissism?","authors":"Giovanni Stanghellini","doi":"10.1159/000525678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000525678","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the form that narcissism takes in contemporary society in the light of Homo œconomicus - a concept developed by philosopher Foucault to describe a key figure of late modernity: the entrepreneur of himself whose core values are utility (every action must be directed towards production) and optimization (what costs more than it produces is a dead branch to be cut). Homo œconomicus is the subject of so-called \"achievement society.\" Its imperative is summed up in the formula \"You can!\" that generates heavy constraints because it is introjected as \"If I can, then I must!,\" and self-coercion is more fatal than hetero-coercion because no resistance can be put up against oneself. He is also the subject of the \"society of the spectacle\" in which a part of the world represents itself in front of the rest of the world and shows itself to be superior to it. The spectacle is not simply a set of images, but a type of social relationship between people mediated by images, generating alienation from oneself and from the Other. Using Homo œconomicus as a grid for understanding contemporary pathological forms of narcissism, I describe the values and the life-world of narcissistic persons including the ways they experience time, space, others, and their own body. I finally suggest a therapeutic of this form of existence based on the recognition of its value-structure.","PeriodicalId":20723,"journal":{"name":"Psychopathology","volume":"56 3","pages":"173-182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9248949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4