{"title":"Psychological interventions for children with chronic physical conditions: a systematic review assessing the role of coping, emotional and cognitive processes.","authors":"Mareike Kaemmerer, Olivier Luminet, Céline Jeitani, Cara Verwimp, Zoé Mallien, Magali Lahaye","doi":"10.1080/08870446.2025.2528929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2025.2528929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Coping, emotional and cognitive processes are crucial in child development, particularly in children with pediatric chronic physical conditions (CPC). No systematic review in pediatric psychology has investigated the effectiveness of interventions on these processes concurrently. This review addresses this gap by focusing on the effectiveness of psychological interventions on coping, emotional and cognitive processes in children with CPCs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five electronic databases were searched for studies assessing at least one of these processes. Only randomized-controlled trials with children (8-12 years) with a CPC (e.g. diabetes, asthma), which implemented a psychological intervention were included. This study is registered in (CRD42021233505).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten intervention studies were identified. While cognitive interventions (Cogmed) showed some improvements in working memory, the effects varied across studies despite similar methodologies. Coping interventions (e.g. Coping Skills Training) showed little effect on coping strategies or psychological health variables and were no more beneficial than control groups. No study trained coping, emotional processes and cognitive processes together.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review shows current limitations in evaluating psychological interventions targeting coping, cognitive or emotional processes in children with CPCs, limiting a comprehensive understanding of the interventions' action mechanisms. Systematically including underlying processes in intervention studies could help to better adjust those interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20718,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Health","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hayley Antipas, Jeanette Tamplin, Tanara Vieira Sousa, Felicity A Baker
{"title":"Understanding and mitigating occupational stress in professional dementia caregivers in residential aged care: a systematic review with framework synthesis.","authors":"Hayley Antipas, Jeanette Tamplin, Tanara Vieira Sousa, Felicity A Baker","doi":"10.1080/08870446.2025.2527069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2025.2527069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mitigating occupational stress for professional dementia caregivers in residential aged care facilities is critical to workforce sustainability, care quality, health, and economic burden. This study examines the evidence to understand how occupational stress is experienced and how it may be mitigated by interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed and MEDLINE databases was conducted to identify original research published in English between 1995 and March 2023. Two reviewers screened search results. Quality was appraised using the Downs and Black Checklist, CASP and MMAT. Framework synthesis was used to synthesise data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>52 studies were eligible for the review from 1,121 aged care facilities and involving 16,372 caregivers. Data synthesis resulted in a <i>Conceptual Ecosystem of Professional Dementia Caregivers' Experience of Occupational Stress in Residential Aged Care Settings</i>, which proposes a complex and active system with dependent factors. Stress is experienced psychologically, physically and relationally. Activators and mediators of stress occur every day and as singular events. Interventions that address multiple factors simultaneously appear most effective.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Professional caregiver occupational stress is systems-based and complex. Interventions are recommended that prevent stress activating events, reduce constant stress activators, and increase constant stress mediators. Practical implications are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20718,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Health","volume":" ","pages":"1-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liuyu Wei, Rebecca Band, Judit Varkonyi-Sepp, Amelie Millar, Ben Ainsworth
{"title":"Interpersonal psychological factors and asthma outcomes in romantic relationships: a systematic review.","authors":"Liuyu Wei, Rebecca Band, Judit Varkonyi-Sepp, Amelie Millar, Ben Ainsworth","doi":"10.1080/08870446.2025.2527071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2025.2527071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In adults with asthma, intrapersonal psychological factors are important in asthma outcomes; however, the role of interpersonal factors, particularly within romantic relationships, remains unclear. This study aimed to systematically review the research involving couples and focusing on the associations of asthma outcomes with interpersonal factors (particularly partners' responses to asthma and dyadic factors).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted across databases of PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Manual searching was also conducted by screening the reference lists and citations. All results were narratively synthesised.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven studies (<i>N</i> = 680 dyads) were included in the review. The evidence suggests that: (1) Better patient outcomes (better physical health and asthma quality of life and lower healthcare use) were associated with partners' lower psychological distress and partners' perceptions of better patient asthma self-management; (2) Asthma symptom severity was positively associated with dyadic factors (better marital functioning and higher relationship satisfaction).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review highlighted that interpersonal factors are important for asthma outcomes in adults with asthma, noting that these factors remain understudied. Future research is needed to adopt a dyadic approach and investigate other interpersonal factors, such as partners' cognitive appraisals of the illness and behavioural responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20718,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Health","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychology & HealthPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2305644
Felix G Rebitschek, Yvonne Eisenmann, Lena Krippner, Edmund Neugebauer, Clara O Schirren, Kristin Schnuppe, Michael Hauptmann
{"title":"Protecting mass-gathering events in a pandemic with testing tracks and transparent information: an experimental study with festival guests.","authors":"Felix G Rebitschek, Yvonne Eisenmann, Lena Krippner, Edmund Neugebauer, Clara O Schirren, Kristin Schnuppe, Michael Hauptmann","doi":"10.1080/08870446.2024.2305644","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08870446.2024.2305644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective.</b> To enable future open-air festivals during a pandemic, model festivals tested restricted access and behavioural rules to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmissions. However, the uptake of health-protective measures depends on informed acceptance, meaning people are more likely to follow measures if they understand their effectiveness and related disease risks. <b>Design and main outcome measures.</b> With a series of online surveys, we studied risk perceptions of 6,500 festival guests and the association of perceived effectiveness of protective behaviours with reported compliance. In a scenario-based online experiment (<i>N</i> = 1,958) among festival guests, we tested the effect of informing transparently about the risk-reducing potential of protective measures at festivals on the intention to attend hypothetical events. <b>Results.</b> We found that guests tended to overestimate infection risks while still perceiving them as low. Self-reported mask wearing and distancing at and around the festivals could not be associated with the understanding of the measures' effectiveness. However, in addition to protective measures themselves, providing transparent information about their absolute risk-reducing effect increased intentions to attend festivals that employ varying protective measures. <b>Conclusion.</b> Our findings suggest that the acceptance of protected festivals can be influenced by transparent information about the effectiveness of protective measures. This calls for further research on evidence-based public health communications to improve their impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":20718,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Health","volume":" ","pages":"1198-1224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139513357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychology & HealthPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2024-01-25DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2305133
Iina Tolonen, Aino Saarinen, Sylvain Sebert, Mirka Hintsanen
{"title":"Do compassion and self-compassion moderate the relationship between childhood socioeconomic position and adulthood body composition?","authors":"Iina Tolonen, Aino Saarinen, Sylvain Sebert, Mirka Hintsanen","doi":"10.1080/08870446.2024.2305133","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08870446.2024.2305133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aims to investigate the associations of compassion and self-compassion with body composition, and whether adulthood compassion and self-compassion moderate the relationship between childhood SEP and adulthood body composition. The participants came from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 Study (<i>n</i> = 789, 52.1% women), with a mean age of 34.0 years. Compassion and self-compassion were measured with the Dispositional Positive Emotions Scale and Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form, respectively. Body composition was assessed using anthropometric and body fat measurements at a clinic. Childhood SEP included parental occupation, education, and employment. The results showed that high compassion was associated with three out of the five body composition measurements, namely lower waist circumference (<i>B</i> = -0.960, <i>p</i> = 0.039, 95% CI: -1.870; -0.498), body fat percentage (<i>B</i> = -0.693, <i>p</i> = 0.030, 95% CI: -1.317; -0.069), and fat mass index (<i>B</i> = -0.325, <i>p</i> = 0.023, 95% CI: -0.605; -0.044) (adjusted for sex, and childhood and adulthood SEP) but not with body mass index or waist-to-hip ratio. Self-compassion was not associated with body composition. Neither compassion nor self-compassion moderated the association between childhood SEP and adulthood body composition, as the interaction effects were not significant. Therefore, the dispositions did not protect against the negative effects of childhood SEP on adulthood body composition. High other-directed compassion may be, however, associated with healthier body composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":20718,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Health","volume":" ","pages":"1178-1197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139546913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychology & HealthPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2023-12-29DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2300029
Fermín Fernández-Calderón, Óscar M Lozano-Rojas, Manuel Sanchez-Garcia
{"title":"The theory of planned behavior and alcohol protective behavioral strategies: a prospective study examining the role of habit and gender invariance.","authors":"Fermín Fernández-Calderón, Óscar M Lozano-Rojas, Manuel Sanchez-Garcia","doi":"10.1080/08870446.2023.2300029","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08870446.2023.2300029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Alcohol Protective Behavioral Strategies (PBS) have consistently shown to be effective in reducing alcohol use and its associated consequences. We aimed to examine the explanatory value of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) for using five PBS, studying the role of habit, and its potential variation across genders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Targeted sampling was used to recruit 339 young adults in the community (women = 50.7%; mean age = 2.21[<i>SD</i> = 2.21]), who completed baseline and 2-month follow-up questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The explained variance of the TPB ranged from 58-68% for intention to use PBS, and 18-50% for behavior. The inclusion of habit produced increases of 17-26% in explained variance in intention, while explained variance in behavior remained similar. Habit was the strongest predictor of intention to use PBS, followed by attitude. Except for one behavior (drinking slowly), habits did not moderate the intention-behavior relationship, and the explanatory value of the TPB did not differ across genders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings support the utility of the TPB as an explanatory model of alcohol PBS, along with the need to include habits within the framework of dual-process models. Interventions aimed at promoting alcohol PBS could be optimized by targeting attitudes towards PBS and habits.</p>","PeriodicalId":20718,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Health","volume":" ","pages":"1123-1142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychology & HealthPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2024-02-04DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2309162
Richard G Cowden, Kenneth I Pargament, Renae Wilkinson
{"title":"Divine struggles and whole person functioning: a 9-year longitudinal study of middle-aged U.S. adults.","authors":"Richard G Cowden, Kenneth I Pargament, Renae Wilkinson","doi":"10.1080/08870446.2024.2309162","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08870446.2024.2309162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This longitudinal study examined the associations of divine struggles with 25 psychological distress, psychological well-being, social well-being, prosociality, physical health, and health behavior outcomes assessed approximately nine years later.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used three waves of data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (<i>N</i> = 4041): M1 (1995-1996), M2 (2004-2006), and M3 (2013-2014). Following the analytic template for outcome-wide longitudinal designs, our primary analysis employed a series of regression models to estimate the associations between a continuous measure of divine struggles assessed at M2 with each outcome assessed at M3. All models adjusted for a rich set of covariates, including prior values of all outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was modest evidence suggesting that divine struggles were associated with worse subsequent functioning on one or more outcomes for each domain except health behaviors (effect sizes were generally very small).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Divine struggles have the potential to degrade long-term functioning across multiple domains of life. Practitioners should attend to and address divine struggles in their clinical work.</p>","PeriodicalId":20718,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Health","volume":" ","pages":"1225-1242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139681425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From social withdrawal sub-types to sleep problems: the cross-sectional and longitudinal mediating role of depression.","authors":"Ye Yuan, Linna Lu, Yudi Peng","doi":"10.1080/08870446.2025.2527874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2025.2527874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The approach-avoidance motivation theory divides social withdrawal into three sub-types: Social avoidance, shyness, and unsociable. Behavioral patterns influence physiological health according to the mind-body medicine model. Previous studies had associated withdrawal sub-types with depression, and sleep problems are typical symptoms of depression. Therefore, it was reasonable to hypothesize that withdrawal sub-types predict sleep problems through depression. However, the association between withdrawal and sleep problems, and the possible mediating role of depression between them, was rarely explored. Thus, the present research (targeted Chinese college students) aimed to study the relationships of withdrawal sub-types, depression, and sleep problems, comprised comprising two questionnaire-survey studies: Study 1 (<i>N</i> = 494) explored the cross-sectional relationships with hierarchical multiple regression and cross-sectional mediating analysis. Study 2 (<i>N</i> = 233) examined the longitudinal relationships with three-wave longitudinal mediation models. The results of study 1 showed that both social avoidance and shyness significantly predicted sleep problems fully through depression, but unsociable was not associated with depression or sleep problems. The results of study 2 showed that social avoidance was the only sub-type longitudinally predicted sleep problems through depression. The conclusion was that social avoidance is may be the riskiest sub-type due to its significant associations with the two outcomes in both studies, the effects of shyness on the two outcomes are questionable due to its conflicted results of two studies, unsociable is may be the most benign sub-type due to its weak associations with the two outcomes. The different relationship-patterns of three sub-types implicate that socially avoidant college students are potentially at higher risk of depression and sleep problems and require special attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":20718,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Health","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144542049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychology & HealthPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2024-01-11DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2297794
Olga Rapoport, Lisa Ruppenthal, Sarah Möcklinghoff, Simon Merz, Eva Neidhardt
{"title":"When the night is too short. Bedtime procrastination, self-compassion, and sleep in a daily diary study.","authors":"Olga Rapoport, Lisa Ruppenthal, Sarah Möcklinghoff, Simon Merz, Eva Neidhardt","doi":"10.1080/08870446.2023.2297794","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08870446.2023.2297794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Since sleep is an important part of life and too little sleep can lead to disastrous consequences, it is important to look at the factors that may disturb healthy sleep. While procrastination and in particular bedtime procrastination is such a disruptive factor, self-compassion on the other side might be a protective factor.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this reason, in this study, we took a closer look at the interplay between bedtime procrastination, self-compassion, as well as at the actual sleep outcomes in a longitudinal diary study over 1 week. Our assumption was that bedtime procrastination has a negative impact on sleep outcomes, yet self-compassion could be a protective factor buffering this influence. To enable comparability with a previous study, analyses of variance were carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Utilizing frequentist and Bayesian analyses, we found a consistent negative influence of bedtime procrastination and a positive influence of self-compassion on almost all sleep outcomes. While self-compassion did not entirely mitigate the effect of bedtime procrastination on sleep, its positive impact on sleep outcomes was evident.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the significance of self-compassion and procrastination in relation to actual sleep behaviour, adding to the existing body of literature on sleep research.</p>","PeriodicalId":20718,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Health","volume":" ","pages":"1083-1101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139417932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychology & HealthPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2299243
Jasmine Kobrosli, Kenzie Tapp, Kendall Soucie
{"title":"Construction of identity in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease across the lifespan.","authors":"Jasmine Kobrosli, Kenzie Tapp, Kendall Soucie","doi":"10.1080/08870446.2023.2299243","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08870446.2023.2299243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic illness that affects 10 million individuals worldwide; however, Canada has the highest rates of IBD per capita in the world. Presently, 0.7% of Canadians are diagnosed with IBD, which is expected to rise to 1% by 2030. Disease onset is typically between the ages of 15-45 years old. This is a crucial period for identity development and growth; however, IBD symptoms often disrupt these processes and cause individuals to abandon or reconstruct parts of their identity. As a result, changes in individuals' life plans and health status may cause them to grieve their former pre-IBD identities. In this qualitative narrative study, we captured the lived experiences of IBD, with a focus on what individuals have lost, gained, or accomplished across various avenues (e.g. relationships, education, and future scripts). Thirteen participants constructed IBD narratives using a holistic-form narrative approach, a method that captures various plot formulations and discourses that emerge through storytelling. We found three main plotlines: The 'journey to acceptance', which detailed a route to acceptance wherein individuals integrated IBD into their identity, 'the ambivalent story', which exemplified individuals who were unsure of IBD and the resulting impacts of the diagnosis on their identity, and 'the grief story', which outlined grief and loss surrounding one's pre-IBD self. These results illuminate the role of narrative in shaping meaning-making and identity processes over the life course. We urge future researchers to explore narrative inquiry as a route to further understand the integration of IBD into one's life story/identity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20718,"journal":{"name":"Psychology & Health","volume":" ","pages":"1102-1122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139088138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}