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Exactness of the first born approximation in electromagnetic scattering 电磁散射中初生近似的精确性
IF 3.5 4区 物理与天体物理
Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1093/ptep/ptae008
Farhang Loran, Ali Mostafazadeh
{"title":"Exactness of the first born approximation in electromagnetic scattering","authors":"Farhang Loran, Ali Mostafazadeh","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae008","url":null,"abstract":"For the scattering of plane electromagnetic waves by a general possibly anisotropic stationary linear medium in three dimensions, we give a condition on the permittivity and permeability tensors of the medium under which the first Born approximation yields the exact expression for the scattered wave whenever the incident wavenumber k does not exceed a pre-assigned value α. We also show that under this condition the medium is omnidirectionally invisible for k ≤ α/2, i.e., it displays broadband invisibility regardless of the polarization of the incident wave.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139496289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pointing calibration of GroundBIRD telescope using Moon observation data 利用月球观测数据对 GroundBIRD 望远镜进行指向校准
IF 3.5 4区 物理与天体物理
Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1093/ptep/ptae011
Y Sueno, J J A Baselmans, A H M Coppens, R T Génova-Santos, M Hattori, S Honda, K Karatsu, H Kutsuma, K Lee, T Nagasaki, S Oguri, C Otani, M Peel, J Suzuki, O Tajima, T Tanaka, M Tsujii, D J Thoen, E Won
{"title":"Pointing calibration of GroundBIRD telescope using Moon observation data","authors":"Y Sueno, J J A Baselmans, A H M Coppens, R T Génova-Santos, M Hattori, S Honda, K Karatsu, H Kutsuma, K Lee, T Nagasaki, S Oguri, C Otani, M Peel, J Suzuki, O Tajima, T Tanaka, M Tsujii, D J Thoen, E Won","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae011","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding telescope pointing (i.e., line of sight) is important for observing the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and astronomical objects. The Moon is a candidate astronomical source for pointing calibration. Although the visible size of the Moon (30’) is larger than that of the planets, we can frequently observe the Moon once a month with a high signal-to-noise ratio. We developed a method for performing pointing calibration using observational data from the Moon. We considered the tilts of the telescope axes as well as the encoder and collimation offsets for pointing calibration. In addition, we evaluated the effects of the nonuniformity of the brightness temperature of the Moon, which is a dominant systematic error. As a result, we successfully achieved a pointing accuracy of 3.3’. This is one order of magnitude smaller than an angular resolution of 36’. This level of accuracy competes with past achievements in other ground-based CMB experiments using observational data from the planets.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139551534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Entropy-area law and temperature of de Sitter horizons from modular theory 从模块理论看熵-面积定律和德西特地平线的温度
IF 3.5 4区 物理与天体物理
Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1093/ptep/ptae003
Edoardo D’Angelo, Markus B Fröb, Stefano Galanda, Paolo Meda, Albert Much, Kyriakos Papadopoulos
{"title":"Entropy-area law and temperature of de Sitter horizons from modular theory","authors":"Edoardo D’Angelo, Markus B Fröb, Stefano Galanda, Paolo Meda, Albert Much, Kyriakos Papadopoulos","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae003","url":null,"abstract":"We derive an entropy-area law for the future horizon of an observer in diamonds inside the static patch of de Sitter spacetime, taking into account the backreaction of quantum matter fields. We prove positivity and convexity of the relative entropy for coherent states using Tomita–Takesaki modular theory, from which the QNEC for diamonds follows. Furthermore, we show that the generalized entropy conjecture holds. Finally, we reveal that the local temperature which is measured by an observer at rest exhibits subleading quantum corrections with respect to the well-known cosmological horizon temperature H/(2π).","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139481552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The curious early history of CKM matrix -miracles happen!- CKM 矩阵早期的奇特历史--奇迹发生了！--"。
IF 3.5 4区 物理与天体物理
Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1093/ptep/ptae007
Stephen Lars Olsen
{"title":"The curious early history of CKM matrix -miracles happen!-","authors":"Stephen Lars Olsen","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae007","url":null,"abstract":"The 1973 Kobayashi Maskawa paper proposed a compelling link between Cabibbo’s flavor-mixing scheme and ${mathcal {C}}$${mathcal {P}}$violation but, since it required the existence of six quarks at a time when the physics community was happy with only three, it received zero attention. However, two years after the paper appeared—at which time it had received a grand total of two citations—the charmed quark was discovered and it finally got some notice and acceptance. After this stumbling start, it subsequently emerged as the focal point of an enormous amount of experimental and theoretical research activity. In an invited talk at a KEK symposium to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the KM paper, I reviewed some of the less well known circumstances that occurred in the years preceding and following the paper’s appearance. Some spoilers: — Kobayashi and Maskawa (and a number of other Japanese physicists) were convinced about the existence of the charmed quark nearly three years before its “discovery” at Brookhaven and SLAC. — The matrix provided in their seminal 1973 paper was mathematically incorrect. Another version that was in common use for the following twelve years was technically correct, but not really a rotation matrix. — The CKM matrix ${mathcal {C}}$${mathcal {P}}$ phase was only measurable because of the very specific hierarchy of the flavor mixing angles and meson masses. — Similarly, the neutrino mixing discovery, and the PMNS-matrix measurability were only possible because of favorable values of the neutrino mass differences and mixing angles. In addition I include some speculations about what may be in store for the future.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139463396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gravitational wave search through electromagnetic telescopes 通过电磁望远镜搜索引力波
IF 3.5 4区 物理与天体物理
Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1093/ptep/ptae004
Asuka Ito, Kazunori Kohri, Kazunori Nakayama
{"title":"Gravitational wave search through electromagnetic telescopes","authors":"Asuka Ito, Kazunori Kohri, Kazunori Nakayama","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae004","url":null,"abstract":"We study the graviton-photon conversion in the magnetic fields of the Earth, the Milky Way Galaxy, and intergalactic regions. Requiring that the photon flux converted from gravitons does not exceed the observed photon flux with telescopes, we derive upper limits on the stochastic gravitational waves in frequency ranges from 107Hz to 1035Hz. Remarkably, the upper limits on h2ΩGW could be less than unity in the frequency range of 1018-1023 Hz in a specific case. The detection of gravitational waves using telescopes would open up a new avenue for high frequency gravitational wave observations.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139463367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simple-sum giant graviton expansions for orbifolds and orientifolds 轨道折叠和定向折叠的简和巨引力子展开
IF 3.5 4区 物理与天体物理
Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1093/ptep/ptae006
Shota Fujiwara, Yosuke Imamura, Tatsuya Mori, Shuichi Murayama, Daisuke Yokoyama
{"title":"Simple-sum giant graviton expansions for orbifolds and orientifolds","authors":"Shota Fujiwara, Yosuke Imamura, Tatsuya Mori, Shuichi Murayama, Daisuke Yokoyama","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae006","url":null,"abstract":"We study giant graviton expansions of the superconformal index of 4d orbifold/orientifold theories. In general, a giant graviton expansion is given as a multiple sum over wrapping numbers. It has been known that the expansion can be reduced to a simple sum for the ${cal N}=4$U(N) SYM by choosing appropriate expansion variables. We find such a reduction occurs for a few examples of orbifold and orientifold theories: $mathbb {Z}_k$ orbifold and orientifolds with O3 and O7. We also argue that for a quiver gauge theory associated with a toric Calabi-Yau 3-fold the simple-sum expansion works only if the toric diagram is a triangle, that is, the Calabi-Yau is an orbifold of $mathbb {C}^3$.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139463574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advantages of the Kirkwood–Dirac distribution among general quasi-probabilities on finite-state quantum systems 柯克伍德-迪拉克分布在有限状态量子系统一般准概率中的优势
IF 3.5 4区 物理与天体物理
Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1093/ptep/ptae005
Shun Umekawa, Jaeha Lee, Naomichi Hatano
{"title":"Advantages of the Kirkwood–Dirac distribution among general quasi-probabilities on finite-state quantum systems","authors":"Shun Umekawa, Jaeha Lee, Naomichi Hatano","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae005","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate properties of quasi-joint-probability (QJP) distributions on finite-state quantum systems, especially the two- and three-state systems, based on the general framework of quantum/quasi-classical representations [1,2]. We show that the Kirkwood–Dirac distribution is a prime candidate among the QJP distributions that behave well in view of the following two perspectives: the information contained in the QJP distribution and its affinity to genuine joint-probability distributions. Regarding the first criterion, we show that the Kirkwood–Dirac distributions on two- and three-state quantum systems yield faithful quasi-classical representations [1,2] of quantum states with a minimal set of observables, namely a pair of two different directions of the spin, and thereby point out that in general the imaginary parts of the QJP distributions play essential roles in this respect. As for the second criterion, we prove that the Kirkwood–Dirac distributions on finite-state quantum systems are supported on the product set of the spectra of the quantum observables involved.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139463575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the potential use of silver-exchanged zeolites for adsorption of radon traces in low background experiments 探索在低本底实验中使用银交换沸石吸附氡痕量的可能性
IF 3.5 4区 物理与天体物理
Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.1093/ptep/ptad160
Oleksandra Veselska, Olivier Llido, Marie-Cécile Piro, Shefali Vaidya, Steven Kuznicki, José Busto
{"title":"Exploring the potential use of silver-exchanged zeolites for adsorption of radon traces in low background experiments","authors":"Oleksandra Veselska, Olivier Llido, Marie-Cécile Piro, Shefali Vaidya, Steven Kuznicki, José Busto","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptad160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptad160","url":null,"abstract":"Radon is an important source of radioactive background in experiments searching for rare decays and in the field of low energy particle physics. Here, we report the first temperature-dependent study of radon adsorption on silver-exchanged zeolites from several commercial producers. Among the three tested zeolites, Ag-ETS-10 showed the best result. Hence, it was chosen for the further study of internal radioactivity and radon emanation, that are important characteristics of materials used in low-activity experiments. The important role of silver in radon adsorption is demonstrated by comparison of the silver-exchanged zeolites with their unexchanged counterparts. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent measurements showed that the enhancement of the radon adsorption upon the introduction of silver in zeolite occurs due to the increase of the heat of adsorption. This opens a new perspective for the search for highly efficient radon adsorbents.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139071621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What is a real black hole ? 什么是真正的黑洞？
IF 3.5 4区 物理与天体物理
Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/ptep/ptad145
Hirotaka Sugawara
{"title":"What is a real black hole ?","authors":"Hirotaka Sugawara","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptad145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptad145","url":null,"abstract":"Four dimensional Einstein equation with non-vanishing energy momentum tensor is solved to give a solution where the event hori- zon of a celestial body is outside of the body, which corresponds to a black hole by definition. There is no singularity at the center of the object unlike the case of Schwarzschild solution. We do not have the gravitational collapseWe do not have the gravitational collapse thus avoiding the Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems. The main fea- ture of our black hole solution is that it has the horizon inside the black hole in addition to the usual outside horizon. This inner hori- zon singularity is not removable by a coordinate transformation because the determinant of metric tensor is singular at this point but there is no singularity neither in the density nor in the pressure indicat ing there is no gravitational collapse.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139054580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phase transitions of the four-state Potts model on the square and the honeycomb lattices 四态波茨模型在方形和蜂巢晶格上的相变
IF 3.5 4区 物理与天体物理
Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/ptep/ptad158
Jhao-Hong Peng, Fu-Jiun Jiang
{"title":"Phase transitions of the four-state Potts model on the square and the honeycomb lattices","authors":"Jhao-Hong Peng, Fu-Jiun Jiang","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptad158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptad158","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely believed that the phase transition for the four-state ferromagnetic Potts model on the square lattice is of the pseudo-first order. Specifically, it is expected that first-order phase transition behavior is found on small lattices and that the true nature of second-order phase transition only emerges with large system sizes. It is also intuitively expected that for other geometries, the types of the associated phase transitions should be identical to that of the square lattice. However, after simulating more than 16 million spins for the four-state Pott model, we observe that a feature of first-order phase transition persists on the square lattice. Additionally, a characteristic of second-order phase transition already appears on a small honeycomb lattice. Indications of a pseudo-first-order phase transition were not found in our investigation. This suggests that a thorough analytic calculation may be required to develop a better understanding of the presented results.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139054159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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