{"title":"What is a real black hole ?","authors":"Hirotaka Sugawara","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptad145","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Four dimensional Einstein equation with non-vanishing energy momentum tensor is solved to give a solution where the event hori- zon of a celestial body is outside of the body, which corresponds to a black hole by definition. There is no singularity at the center of the object unlike the case of Schwarzschild solution. We do not have the gravitational collapseWe do not have the gravitational collapse thus avoiding the Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems. The main fea- ture of our black hole solution is that it has the horizon inside the black hole in addition to the usual outside horizon. This inner hori- zon singularity is not removable by a coordinate transformation because the determinant of metric tensor is singular at this point but there is no singularity neither in the density nor in the pressure indicat ing there is no gravitational collapse.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptad145","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Physics and Astronomy","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Four dimensional Einstein equation with non-vanishing energy momentum tensor is solved to give a solution where the event hori- zon of a celestial body is outside of the body, which corresponds to a black hole by definition. There is no singularity at the center of the object unlike the case of Schwarzschild solution. We do not have the gravitational collapseWe do not have the gravitational collapse thus avoiding the Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems. The main fea- ture of our black hole solution is that it has the horizon inside the black hole in addition to the usual outside horizon. This inner hori- zon singularity is not removable by a coordinate transformation because the determinant of metric tensor is singular at this point but there is no singularity neither in the density nor in the pressure indicat ing there is no gravitational collapse.
期刊介绍:
Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (PTEP) is an international journal that publishes articles on theoretical and experimental physics. PTEP is a fully open access, online-only journal published by the Physical Society of Japan.
PTEP is the successor to Progress of Theoretical Physics (PTP), which terminated in December 2012 and merged into PTEP in January 2013.
PTP was founded in 1946 by Hideki Yukawa, the first Japanese Nobel Laureate. PTEP, the successor journal to PTP, has a broader scope than that of PTP covering both theoretical and experimental physics.
PTEP mainly covers areas including particles and fields, nuclear physics, astrophysics and cosmology, beam physics and instrumentation, and general and mathematical physics.