{"title":"Limitations of Low-Frequency Magnetic Field Immunity Testing with Small Radiating Loop.","authors":"Yasaman Ardeshirpour, Joshua Guag, Howard Bassen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Use of a small radiating loop (6 cm radius) is recommended in EMC standards (Mil-Std-461G:2015(RS101) and IEC 61000-4-39:2017) for immunity testing with low-frequency magnetic fields. We investigated the limitations of this method using finite-element simulations. We studied the effects of fields from radiating loops with different radii and their induced voltages in different radius receiver loops that represented wiring of equipment under test (EUT). We also studied the windowing-method recommended in those standards. It involves positioning the loop successively over all locations on each face of the EUT. Our results show that this radiating loop can only simulate exposure to larger real-world EM fields when the EUT's wiring area is smaller than the radiating loop. Another limitation is that the magnetic field from the radiating loop drops significantly with distance perpendicular to the loop surface. Therefore, the windowing-method with a small radiating loop is only suitable for simulating exposures to real-world sources with fields that do not extend a large distance from the loop. In addition, the field distribution (width and depth) of the real-world EM source must be accounted for before deciding to use a small radiating loop for immunity testing of an EUT.</p>","PeriodicalId":20699,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research C","volume":"158 ","pages":"123-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Goriparthi Rajyalakshmi, Y. Ravikumar, D. Ramakrishna, Samba Siva Rao Kumbha
{"title":"Angle Independent Metamaterial Absorber for S and C Band Application","authors":"Goriparthi Rajyalakshmi, Y. Ravikumar, D. Ramakrishna, Samba Siva Rao Kumbha","doi":"10.2528/pierc22120501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierc22120501","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, the development and designing of angle-independent metamaterial microwave absorbers are presented. The unit cell consists of two concentric circle that are linked by consolidated resistors. The absorber is built on a dielectric substrate (FR4) with a thickness of 3.2 mm (λ/0.07) and a dielectric constant of 4.3. The wideband absorption is acquired in the range of 2.8 to 10.42 GHz with a wide band of 7.62 GHz with absorptivity above 90%. In the area of interest, a flat band is obtained, and to examine the current distribution and electric field in the respective region, two peaks are considered at a frequency of 3.66 and 9.54 GHz, with maximum absorptivity of 99.99% and 99.44%, respectively. The presented absorber is examined under different angles for phi and theta variation. From the phi variation, it is observed that for all the angles, absorptivity does not vary, which confirms that the absorber is acting as an angle independent. The fabricated sheet consists of an array of a unit cell, which is examined inside the anechoic chamber with the help of two horn antennas and vector network analyzer. The tested and simulated results are compared, and it was observed that they are close in their agreement. At the end of the manuscript, the presented and already reported arts are compared, and it is observed that the presented one operates for the low frequency with higher bandwidth. The presented absorber can be practically used for defense applications for Radar Cross Sections reduction.","PeriodicalId":20699,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research C","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48744752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaolong Qi, Lei Zhang, Weixian Tan, Pingping Huang, Zhonggen Wei, Haikun Liu
{"title":"Method for Calculating True Value of Landslide Deformation Based on Micro Deformation Monitoring Radar","authors":"Yaolong Qi, Lei Zhang, Weixian Tan, Pingping Huang, Zhonggen Wei, Haikun Liu","doi":"10.2528/pierc23032004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierc23032004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20699,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research C","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136259882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Conformal Wearable Antenna Based on Artificial Magnetic Conductor for GPS Applications","authors":"Shuqi Wang, Yuqin Shi","doi":"10.2528/pierc23080804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierc23080804","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20699,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research C","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135007718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coupling Analysis of Multi-physical Fields of Magnetic Gear Motor with Nonuniform Air-gap Halbach Array Magnetization","authors":"Zhangtao Kui, Kun Yang, Weizhao Tang, Libing Jing","doi":"10.2528/pierc23061402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierc23061402","url":null,"abstract":"|In this paper, a novel magnetic gear motor (MGM) with nonuniform air gap Halbach array magnetization is proposed to study the in(cid:13)uence of temperature change on its electromagnetic performance. The inner PM adopts the Halbach array magnetization structure, which makes the inner rotor air gap have an uneven air gap structure, thereby improving the air gap (cid:13)ux density. In addition, the air gap magnetic (cid:12)eld of MGM is analyzed by the (cid:12)nite element method (FEM), and the 3D model of the motor is established. The main losses of the motor, including copper loss, eddy current loss, and hysteresis loss are coupled to each component as a thermal source and studied by magneto-thermal coupling. The transient variation characteristics of loss distribution during MGM operation are comprehensively considered. The temperature variation of each component of the MGM with time during load operation is studied in detail. The results show that the temperature of the PM of the MGM is close to 91.8 ◦ C when the rated load is running, and the PM of the motor does not undergo irreversible demagnetization.","PeriodicalId":20699,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research C","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135496150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compact Wideband Four Elements MIMO Antenna for 5G Applications","authors":"Shubhangi Mangesh Verulkar, Alka Khade, Mahadu Annarao Trimukhe, Rajiv Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.2528/pierc23051501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierc23051501","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20699,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research C","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135400922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three-dimensional Imaging Method of Target Based on Time-domain Sparse Representation of Multi-view SAR Data","authors":"Jinrong Zhong, Shengqi Liu, Xing Zhang","doi":"10.2528/pierc23031002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2528/pierc23031002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20699,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research C","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135104322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}