Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology最新文献_第5页

Review of World Rugby’s Test Method 01 head injury criteria: Procedure analysis and optimisation 审查世界橄榄球协会的测试方法 01 头部损伤标准：程序分析和优化

IF 1.5 4区医学

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1177/17543371231219738

E. Colino, JL Felipe, M. Douglas, E. Harrison, C. Webb, J. del Corral, L. Gallardo, J. Garcia-Unanue

{"title":"Review of World Rugby’s Test Method 01 head injury criteria: Procedure analysis and optimisation","authors":"E. Colino, JL Felipe, M. Douglas, E. Harrison, C. Webb, J. del Corral, L. Gallardo, J. Garcia-Unanue","doi":"10.1177/17543371231219738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17543371231219738","url":null,"abstract":"Rugby is a close-contact sport in which players occasionally fall headfirst to the ground during scrums and tackles. Because head impacts represent an obvious threat to players’ integrity and safety, World Rugby, Rugby’s International Governing Body, developed a test method named Test Method 01 to evaluate the capacity of the playing surface to mitigate head impacts by determining the critical fall height (CFH). The aim of this study is to analyse World Rugby’s current Test Method 01 head injury criteria (HIC), which consider a field as unsafe if the CFH is below 1.3 m. To make this analysis, a pilot study was performed on seven artificial turf rugby fields. At each field, a three-drop procedure was performed to estimate the initial CFH (CFH0). Subsequently, the procedure was repeated on each surface at 50-mm intervals, from 0.6 m below to 0.6 m above CFH0. All possible combinations of four height–HIC data pairs with two height values below and above 1000 HIC were obtained. A comparison was performed between the linear adjustment, currently prescribed in Test Method 01 to calculate the CFH0, and the quadratic adjustment. In particular, the percentage of outliers obtained when applying both the linear and quadratic adjustment and the robustness of the regressions were investigated. The results show that the current Test Method 01 can be improved by applying two main modifications: first, replacing the linear adjustment with a quadratic adjustment, and second, adapting the current test restrictions by maintaining the maximum difference between the highest and the lowest drop heights in 1.00 m, increasing the minimum difference between consecutive drop heights from 0.15 to 0.20 m and removing the current prohibition on obtaining HIC values close to 1000.","PeriodicalId":20674,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Female breast motion during exercise based on the Lagrange method 基于拉格朗日法的运动时女性乳房的运动

IF 1.5 4区医学

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1177/17543371231211074

Guangwu Sun, Shiyuan Liu, Xiaona Chen, Hong Xie

{"title":"Female breast motion during exercise based on the Lagrange method","authors":"Guangwu Sun, Shiyuan Liu, Xiaona Chen, Hong Xie","doi":"10.1177/17543371231211074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17543371231211074","url":null,"abstract":"Breasts can move considerably when women are active, which can sometimes be uncomfortable. Many studies have measured breast movement by a camera recording the movement of multiple markers attached to the breast. However, an excessive number of markers may hinder the subject’s movement. Additionally, camera images cannot readily distinguish closely arranged LED markers owing to interference of light from the markers. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a numerical model to minimize experimental limitations. The present numerical model was developed based on the Lagrange method to enable simultaneous prediction of the movement of multiple positions on the breast during successional vertical jumps. The modeling results revealed the nipple demonstrated a larger displacement (average displacement ≈ 52.73 mm) than other marker positions during successive jumps. The breast top showed lower displacement (average displacement ≈ 46.18 mm) than other marker positions. The model also revealed the force variation on the breast during a jump. The whole breast movement was dependent on a combination of multiple forces. The viscoelastic force provided resistance to breast deformation. The restoring force drove the breast upward, while the gravity force pulled it down. The model synchronously calculated the displacements of more than 30 positions on the breast, then exported the vertical movement path of the whole breast. The model can only predict the vertical displacement and force; it still needs to be improved in other directions.","PeriodicalId":20674,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Football and the video assistant referee: A grounded theory approach 足球与视频助理裁判：基础理论方法

IF 1.5 4区医学

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1177/17543371231213739

Sajjad Pashaie, Geoff Dickson, Fatemeh Abdavi, Yaqhub Badri Azarin, Hamed Golmohammadi, Jinming Zheng, Romina Habibpour

{"title":"Football and the video assistant referee: A grounded theory approach","authors":"Sajjad Pashaie, Geoff Dickson, Fatemeh Abdavi, Yaqhub Badri Azarin, Hamed Golmohammadi, Jinming Zheng, Romina Habibpour","doi":"10.1177/17543371231213739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17543371231213739","url":null,"abstract":"Few studies have examined the impact of technological officiating aids on football. The purpose of this study is to design a comprehensive model examining the use of video assistant referee (VAR) technology in football. Based on interviews with eminent sports experts, this study explores the use of VAR technology in football and provides a paradigm model. Data analysis was based on the continuous comparison method during three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The findings point to the ability of a referee to make an informed decision regarding an incident during a match and trends suggest continuing adoption of new technologies in decision support systems. In the model, causal conditions (e.g. rules and regulations, innovation in football) attract attention to the axial phenomenon (i.e. application of VAR technology to football) and strategies for its use (e.g. Total Quality Management, justice, increasing referee supervision) given the interfering factors (e.g. fair play, competition) and existing contexts (e.g. control of anti-football behaviours, referee performance, information technology, IT, control of violence and aggression), which create consequences (i.e. process weakness, slowing down the game, passion killing, increasing the quality of the referee’s decision, increasing referee confidence, economical, increasing decision-making accuracy). Therefore, given the contextual conditions and the intervening factors, implementing VAR technology should improve the quality of football competitions. The research concludes that VAR has the potential to enhance the quality of football competitions but also acknowledges the need to address its negative impacts and ensure sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":20674,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How are the impact attenuation properties of men’s and women’s helmets affected after one season in professional ice hockey? 经过一个赛季的职业冰上曲棍球比赛后，男子和女子头盔的冲击衰减特性会受到什么影响？

IF 1.5 4区医学

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1177/17543371231213780

Mikael Swarén, M. Fahlstedt

{"title":"How are the impact attenuation properties of men’s and women’s helmets affected after one season in professional ice hockey?","authors":"Mikael Swarén, M. Fahlstedt","doi":"10.1177/17543371231213780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17543371231213780","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate if the impact attenuation properties of ice hockey helmets change after being used for one season in a professional ice hockey league. Eighteen helmets from a male team and 10 helmets from a female team were compared to 13 new helmets. Every helmet was impact tested three times for two impact locations, side and front. The median peak linear acceleration for all front impacts were significantly higher ( p < 0.05) for the helmets from the female team compared to the helmets from the male team. Compared to the new helmets, both men’s and women’s helmets had significantly lower median peak angular acceleration ( p < 0.01) and peak angular velocity ( p< 0.001). For side impacts, the women’s helmets had significantly higher peak linear acceleration compared to the men’s and new helmets ( p < 0.001). Both men’s and women’s helmets had significantly higher peak angular acceleration compared to the new helmets ( p < 0.001), and women’s helmets also had significantly higher peak angular acceleration compared to men’s helmets. Compared to men’s and new helmets, the results show that women’s helmets have worse impact attenuation properties after one season. However, all used helmets satisfied the passing threshold for test standards and the differences in calculated injury risk were small. This information may assist in establishing recommendations for the expected lifetime usage for ice hockey helmets and support manufacturers to develop safer ice hockey helmets.","PeriodicalId":20674,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology","volume":"2 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The informative power of heart rate along with machine learning regression models to predict maximal oxygen consumption and maximal workload capacity 心率与机器学习回归模型在预测最大耗氧量和最大工作负荷能力方面的信息能力

IF 1.5 4区医学

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1177/17543371231213904

A. Gentilin

{"title":"The informative power of heart rate along with machine learning regression models to predict maximal oxygen consumption and maximal workload capacity","authors":"A. Gentilin","doi":"10.1177/17543371231213904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17543371231213904","url":null,"abstract":"Prediction of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and maximal workload capacity (MWC) through submaximal exercise tests is an important topic for sports sciences. Numerous studies highlighted the predictive power of submaximal heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) in predicting VO2max and MWC. The challenge is achieving the best possible precision and accuracy by identifying the best predictors and regression models. This project assessed the performance of different indexes along with machine learning regression models to estimate VO2max and MWC. Predictors consisted of biodata (age, weight, and height) along with different combinations of change-scores of HR and VO2 between 0–50 Watts, 50–65 Watts, and 65–80 Watts (Δ0–50, Δ50–65, and Δ65–80, respectively). The use of biodata + HR Δ50–65 + HR Δ65-80 via a Squared Exponential Gaussian Process Regression model resulted in the best performance in predicting VO2max, while the use of biodata + HR Δ0–50 via a Robust Linear Regression model resulted in the best performance in predicting MWC. These results suggest that information provided by HR only during submaximal exercise offers the best predictive mean for estimating VO2max and MWC, while the use of VO2 changes or its addition along with HR changes does not improve predictions. Moreover, different predictors need to be selected for the best estimation of VO2max and MWC. Change-scores refer to absolute value changes, providing information to develop athlete assessment protocols through standardized workloads. These results show practical applicability for sports assessments to be performed indirectly, rapidly, sub-maximally, and through the simple measurement of HR.","PeriodicalId":20674,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology","volume":"31 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of ground reaction force and contact time during various-direction lunges between badminton shoes without and with a lateral forefoot wedge sole 无前脚掌外侧楔形鞋底和有前脚掌外侧楔形鞋底羽毛球鞋在不同方向肺活量时地面反作用力和接触时间的比较

IF 1.5 4区医学

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1177/17543371231213772

Wei-Han Chen, Chi-Hsien Chen, Wen-Wen Yang, Gin-Yun Lin, Wei-Chun Hsu, T. Shiang, Chiang Liu

{"title":"Comparison of ground reaction force and contact time during various-direction lunges between badminton shoes without and with a lateral forefoot wedge sole","authors":"Wei-Han Chen, Chi-Hsien Chen, Wen-Wen Yang, Gin-Yun Lin, Wei-Chun Hsu, T. Shiang, Chiang Liu","doi":"10.1177/17543371231213772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17543371231213772","url":null,"abstract":"This study compared the ground reaction force (GRF), GRF ratio, and contact time between badminton shoes without and with a lateral forefoot wedge sole during lunges in three directions. Fifteen collegiate athletes wore forefoot wedge shoes (5° incline) and control shoes without a lateral forefoot wedge sole (in random order) and performed three typical badminton lunge movements (forward, lateral, and backward directions). A total of nine GRF, GRF ratio, and contact time parameters were analyzed. A paired t test was performed to assess the differences between two shoes. The significance level was set at p < 0.0056 (0.05/9) based on Bonferroni correction to avoid chances of type 1 errors. In the forward lunge, the forefoot wedge shoes resulted in a significantly higher average vertical ground reaction force (GRFv, 3.9%), average horizontal GRF (GRFh, 7.8%) in the braking phase and higher average GRFh (3.9%) in the propulsion phase than the control shoes. In the lateral lunge, the forefoot wedge shoes resulted in a significantly shorter total contact time (−4.6%) than the control shoes in the backward lunge, the forefoot wedge shoes resulted in a significantly higher GRFh to GRFv ratio (6.4%) in the braking phase compared with the control shoes. Thus, shoes with a lateral forefoot wedge sole can effectively enhance mechanical performance in direction changes during forward and backward badminton lunges, and shorter the contact time during lateral badminton lunges. Shoes with a lateral forefoot wedge sole can be considered when designing athletic footwear.","PeriodicalId":20674,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology","volume":"20 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138601654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comparative evaluation of Elo ratings- and machine learning-based methods for tennis match result prediction 基于Elo评级和基于机器学习的网球比赛结果预测方法的比较评估

4区医学

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1177/17543371231212235

Rory Bunker, Calvin Yeung, Teo Susnjak, Chester Espie, Keisuke Fujii

{"title":"A comparative evaluation of Elo ratings- and machine learning-based methods for tennis match result prediction","authors":"Rory Bunker, Calvin Yeung, Teo Susnjak, Chester Espie, Keisuke Fujii","doi":"10.1177/17543371231212235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17543371231212235","url":null,"abstract":"Elo ratings-based methods, including the recently proposed Weighted Elo method, have been found to perform well when forecasting tennis match results, however, whether they can outperform machine learning (ML) has not been established. In this study, a comparative evaluation of the two types of methods is conducted using the Sports Result Prediction CRISP-DM experimental framework. The first full year of mens ATP tennis data (2006), in a dataset containing matches from 2005 to 2020, was set to be the initial training set and 1 year of data was incrementally added to this set to predict 14 test years, from 2007 to 2020. Features were ranked based on their average rank across five feature selection techniques. It was found that, of the five ML models, Alternating Decision Trees (ADTrees) and Logistic Regression achieved higher accuracies than Elo ratings and similar accuracies to predictions derived from betting odds. Furthermore, ADTrees show potential in this domain, with solid performance achieved with an interpretable decision tree that allows for variation in the average betting odds difference threshold.","PeriodicalId":20674,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology","volume":" 638","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SALUTRACK: A smartphone application to evaluate and monitor injuries and health problems in athletes from the Balearic Islands SALUTRACK:一款智能手机应用程序，用于评估和监测巴利阿里群岛运动员的受伤和健康问题

4区医学

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1177/17543371231208847

Andreu Sastre-Munar, Natalia Romero-Franco

{"title":"SALUTRACK: A smartphone application to evaluate and monitor injuries and health problems in athletes from the Balearic Islands","authors":"Andreu Sastre-Munar, Natalia Romero-Franco","doi":"10.1177/17543371231208847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17543371231208847","url":null,"abstract":"Athletes and coaches often normalize injuries and pain to gain sports performance. Consistent supervision of workload and psycho-physiological aspects may prevent injuries and maximize performance, mainly integrating insights from healthcare and sports. Although these aspects could be facilitated through smartphone devices, no smartphone applications (apps) have been designed to monitor these aspects of the athlete experience. This study aimed to evaluate the capability of an app to collect sports and health data and identify areas for app enhancement. An observational study was designed to test the app (named: SaluTrack). Eleven young athletes, eight males and three females, were invited to participate. During 5 weeks, all participants used the app to complete four questionnaires periodically: wellness, pain, urinary incontinence (UI), and catastrophizing. The questionnaires were completed by 90.9% of participating athletes periodically. Regarding the wellness questionnaire, athletes responded with 10.94 ± 4.37 as the average rating. Regarding pain, all athletes who completed the questionnaire affirmed to have pain (3.63 ± 1.73), the knee being the anatomical region most affected (26.67%). Also, 27.27% of athletes affirmed to have UI. Regarding catastrophizing level, athletes showed 8.91 ± 9.02 points. Regarding qualitative feedback from athletes, we received three comments, all positive aspects gained from using this tool. SaluTrack showed to be an appropriate app to easily collect sports and health data from athletes related to wellness, pain, UI, and catastrophizing. This methodology is useful for weekly monitoring of potential injury risk and to improve coaching staff’s communication with athletes.","PeriodicalId":20674,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology","volume":"299 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tribological devices in cycling: A review 自行车摩擦装置:综述

4区医学

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology Pub Date : 2023-11-04 DOI: 10.1177/17543371231202562

Rémi Aubert, Xavier Roizard, Frédéric Grappe, Fabrice Lallemand

{"title":"Tribological devices in cycling: A review","authors":"Rémi Aubert, Xavier Roizard, Frédéric Grappe, Fabrice Lallemand","doi":"10.1177/17543371231202562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17543371231202562","url":null,"abstract":"This review, focussed on transmission efficiency and wear in cycling, presents existing friction measuring devices. It discusses their pros and cons and compares the lubrication regime they are in to the ones determined for elite cycling. Finally, it addresses technical guidelines for measuring friction forces from the transmission ( F t ). F t depend on normal load and coefficient of friction (µ). Indeed, these factors are influenced by chain tension, alignment and velocity, sprocket size, lubricants and contamination. Such parameters also have an impact on lubrication regime which influences µ. To characterise F t , measuring devices were developed. Forty devices were classified in five categories, ranging from those closest to ecological conditions to the most specific ones. Full transmission (FTR) and single speed rigs (SSR) results can be extrapolated into real cycling, although they are less accurate as they involve more elements. Dedicated rigs engender high precision measurements on precise phenomena. All lubrication regimes are encountered in elite cycling, which is in good accordance with most of the testing conditions presented in this review, especially FTR and SSR. If Boundary and Mixed regimes are unavoidable due to the reciprocating movements of the chain elements, they should be limited. The Elasto-Hydrodynamic regime is on target as it provides low µ and wear. In conclusion, the closer the measure is to real cycling, the higher the variability. Inversely, dedicated rigs are accurate but less representative of complete transmissions. Technology improvements now make FTR and SSR reliable enough to measure small differences, along with a strong protocol.","PeriodicalId":20674,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology","volume":"1 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135773383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Principal components approach of physiological and physical metrics collected through GPS technology in soccer referees 利用GPS技术收集足球裁判生理和物理指标的主成分方法

4区医学

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology Pub Date : 2023-11-04 DOI: 10.1177/17543371231208401

Alfonso Castillo-Rodríguez, Wanesa Onetti-Onetti, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Francisco Tomás González-Fernández

{"title":"Principal components approach of physiological and physical metrics collected through GPS technology in soccer referees","authors":"Alfonso Castillo-Rodríguez, Wanesa Onetti-Onetti, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Francisco Tomás González-Fernández","doi":"10.1177/17543371231208401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17543371231208401","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to define and classify the different physical and physiological performance metrics on national and non-national soccer referees (SRs) through GPS technology. Sixty SRs (age: 28.9 ± 4.9 years; weight: 70.2 ± 8.0 kg; height: 175.7 ± 5.5 cm) were tested using the 18 Hz global positioning system (GPS) (WimuPro, Realtrack, Almería, Spain). An exploratory factor analysis was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) on performance indicators with orthogonal rotation (VariMax). Thirteen metrics (total distance, distance covered at different speeds, maximum heart rate, and heart rate recorded in different zones) were integrated in three principal components, activation (PCA1), recovery (PCA2), and high intensity (PCA3). They represented 86% and 89% of total explained variance of the competition performance in national and non-national SRs, respectively. Distance covered at very high speed and heart rate between 80% and 89.9% of the maximum integrated the high-intensity principal component and were higher in non-national SRs. The main finding of this study was that it defined for the first time in the scientific literature the main components that discriminate physical performance between national and non-national referees, where high intensity metrics have greater weight in non-national referees. In addition, GPS technology together with PCA analysis were presented as useful methods to discriminate the most representative physical and physiological performance metrics in sports competition in SRs.","PeriodicalId":20674,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology","volume":"3 s1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135773547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0