Lucas Aurélio Stelziner Fischer, J. Foggiatto, P. Marcondes, S. F. Lajarin
{"title":"Design for Additive Manufacturing (DFAM) applied in the manufacture of Master Sample for the automotive industry","authors":"Lucas Aurélio Stelziner Fischer, J. Foggiatto, P. Marcondes, S. F. Lajarin","doi":"10.1177/09544054241230571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054241230571","url":null,"abstract":"In order to supply auto parts to the automotive industry the companies must meet all Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP) requirements. One of the biggest difficulties in obtaining the approval of the APQP is in the preparation of the “Master Sample,” which will be used for the validation of jigs, production, and dimensional control devices. The procedures for manufacturing Master Samples through conventional manufacturing processes are outdated, slow, and cost-effective, which goes against the concepts of Industry 4.0. Therefore, this work aims to propose a procedure for Design for Additive Manufacturing (DFAM) that analyzes the feasibility and systematizes the manufacture of Master Sample through Additive Manufacturing (AM). Two model parts were submitted to the procedure, manufactured by AM and validated as Master Samples. In this work, a comparative analysis between the parts produced conventionally and those produced by AM showed that the time and costs in order to obtain the Master Samples using the proposed procedure was significantly shorter. The reduction in time to obtain Master Samples speeds up the evaluation and validation of control devices from suppliers, can speed up the acquisition of APQP documentation and reduce the time in the development of the serial parts by manufacturing process. Furthermore, the use of the proposed DFAM procedure is innovative in the context of the automotive industry, as it suggests a change in the production concept and inserts AM as another option in the manufacturing process and not just as a rapid prototyping tool.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139854383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microstructure, microhardness and mechanical behavior of dissimilar AA7075/AA6061 alloys under friction stir welding","authors":"Hepeng Jia, Kai Wu","doi":"10.1177/09544054241229476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054241229476","url":null,"abstract":"Friction stir welding (FSW) of dissimilar AA6061 and AA7075 aluminum alloys faces challenges such as an unclear forming mechanism and low welding efficiency. In order to improve welding efficiency and elucidate the variations in metallography, Microhardness, and mechanical properties of dissimilar alloy FSW joints, this article designed FSW experiments using the Taguchi method with welding speeds ranging from 600 to 1000 mm/min. We studied the relationship between material mixing and welding defects through macroscopic metallography, microscopic metallography, and Microhardness, while the impact of welding parameters on the microstructure and properties was evaluated. The results show that void defects do not exist in dissimilar alloy FSW joints, and the Microhardness changes are “U” and “W” shaped. Material mixing played a decisive role in determining the microstructure and properties of dissimilar aluminum alloy FSW joints, with increased rotational speed enhancing material flow. The order of influence on the mechanical properties of the joint was found to be plunge depth, welding speed, and rotational speed. Under the conditions of 1000 mm/min, 2400 rpm, and 0.25 mm, the yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the dissimilar alloy FSW joints reached 87.3% and 73.4% of the AA6061-T6 alloy, respectively.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139853256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microstructure, microhardness and mechanical behavior of dissimilar AA7075/AA6061 alloys under friction stir welding","authors":"Hepeng Jia, Kai Wu","doi":"10.1177/09544054241229476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054241229476","url":null,"abstract":"Friction stir welding (FSW) of dissimilar AA6061 and AA7075 aluminum alloys faces challenges such as an unclear forming mechanism and low welding efficiency. In order to improve welding efficiency and elucidate the variations in metallography, Microhardness, and mechanical properties of dissimilar alloy FSW joints, this article designed FSW experiments using the Taguchi method with welding speeds ranging from 600 to 1000 mm/min. We studied the relationship between material mixing and welding defects through macroscopic metallography, microscopic metallography, and Microhardness, while the impact of welding parameters on the microstructure and properties was evaluated. The results show that void defects do not exist in dissimilar alloy FSW joints, and the Microhardness changes are “U” and “W” shaped. Material mixing played a decisive role in determining the microstructure and properties of dissimilar aluminum alloy FSW joints, with increased rotational speed enhancing material flow. The order of influence on the mechanical properties of the joint was found to be plunge depth, welding speed, and rotational speed. Under the conditions of 1000 mm/min, 2400 rpm, and 0.25 mm, the yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the dissimilar alloy FSW joints reached 87.3% and 73.4% of the AA6061-T6 alloy, respectively.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139793650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucas Aurélio Stelziner Fischer, J. Foggiatto, P. Marcondes, S. F. Lajarin
{"title":"Design for Additive Manufacturing (DFAM) applied in the manufacture of Master Sample for the automotive industry","authors":"Lucas Aurélio Stelziner Fischer, J. Foggiatto, P. Marcondes, S. F. Lajarin","doi":"10.1177/09544054241230571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054241230571","url":null,"abstract":"In order to supply auto parts to the automotive industry the companies must meet all Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP) requirements. One of the biggest difficulties in obtaining the approval of the APQP is in the preparation of the “Master Sample,” which will be used for the validation of jigs, production, and dimensional control devices. The procedures for manufacturing Master Samples through conventional manufacturing processes are outdated, slow, and cost-effective, which goes against the concepts of Industry 4.0. Therefore, this work aims to propose a procedure for Design for Additive Manufacturing (DFAM) that analyzes the feasibility and systematizes the manufacture of Master Sample through Additive Manufacturing (AM). Two model parts were submitted to the procedure, manufactured by AM and validated as Master Samples. In this work, a comparative analysis between the parts produced conventionally and those produced by AM showed that the time and costs in order to obtain the Master Samples using the proposed procedure was significantly shorter. The reduction in time to obtain Master Samples speeds up the evaluation and validation of control devices from suppliers, can speed up the acquisition of APQP documentation and reduce the time in the development of the serial parts by manufacturing process. Furthermore, the use of the proposed DFAM procedure is innovative in the context of the automotive industry, as it suggests a change in the production concept and inserts AM as another option in the manufacturing process and not just as a rapid prototyping tool.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139794524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ri Pan, Xiaofang Cheng, Yinhui Xie, Jun Li, Weilong Huang
{"title":"Optimization of robotic polishing process parameters for mold steel based on artificial intelligence method","authors":"Ri Pan, Xiaofang Cheng, Yinhui Xie, Jun Li, Weilong Huang","doi":"10.1177/09544054231221959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054231221959","url":null,"abstract":"Aimed to achieve quantitative control of workpiece surface after robotic polishing and improve polishing efficiency, a two-step processing optimization method involves artificial intelligence algorithms is investigated. Firstly, based on XGBoost algorithm, a prediction model for polished workpiece surface depending on key parameters is proposed, and the accuracy of the model is verified by experiments. After that, by using the above model, the influence of each parameter on the roughness was evaluated quantitatively. Subsequently, target roughness-driven optimization of processing parameters was presented by combining the roughness prediction model with NSGA II-TOPSIS algorithm based on the influence of each parameter on the roughness. To verify the proposed processing optimization method, polishing experiments of mold steel samples were conducted. The experimental results show that the maximum absolute error between the predicted and experimental roughness is 0.035 μm, and the maximum relative error is <9%. At the same time, when the minimum is set as the optimization objective. With the same length of polishing path, the feed rate is increased from 0.25 mm/s to 0.37 mm/s, and the efficiency is improved to 48%. The NSGA II-TOPSIS algorithm can achieve quantitative control of mold steel surface roughness after robotic polishing to improve polishing efficiency, and provide a basis for reasonable selection of processing parameters, which have certain practical value.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139803399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ri Pan, Xiaofang Cheng, Yinhui Xie, Jun Li, Weilong Huang
{"title":"Optimization of robotic polishing process parameters for mold steel based on artificial intelligence method","authors":"Ri Pan, Xiaofang Cheng, Yinhui Xie, Jun Li, Weilong Huang","doi":"10.1177/09544054231221959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054231221959","url":null,"abstract":"Aimed to achieve quantitative control of workpiece surface after robotic polishing and improve polishing efficiency, a two-step processing optimization method involves artificial intelligence algorithms is investigated. Firstly, based on XGBoost algorithm, a prediction model for polished workpiece surface depending on key parameters is proposed, and the accuracy of the model is verified by experiments. After that, by using the above model, the influence of each parameter on the roughness was evaluated quantitatively. Subsequently, target roughness-driven optimization of processing parameters was presented by combining the roughness prediction model with NSGA II-TOPSIS algorithm based on the influence of each parameter on the roughness. To verify the proposed processing optimization method, polishing experiments of mold steel samples were conducted. The experimental results show that the maximum absolute error between the predicted and experimental roughness is 0.035 μm, and the maximum relative error is <9%. At the same time, when the minimum is set as the optimization objective. With the same length of polishing path, the feed rate is increased from 0.25 mm/s to 0.37 mm/s, and the efficiency is improved to 48%. The NSGA II-TOPSIS algorithm can achieve quantitative control of mold steel surface roughness after robotic polishing to improve polishing efficiency, and provide a basis for reasonable selection of processing parameters, which have certain practical value.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139863032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental study on the surface defects of materials in bar rolling with a processing map applicable to billet-to-oval groove rolling","authors":"Dongyun Lee, Yong-Hoon Roh, Youngseog Lee","doi":"10.1177/09544054231225790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054231225790","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a systematic method for detecting surface defects (SDs) on specimens by performing a pilot hot (850°C–950°C) bar rolling test and suggests a processing map for billet-to-oval groove pass in bar rolling mills. Unlike previous studies, the specimens for the rolling test were prepared such that the billet surface became the surface of the specimens. A series of the rolling tests were performed at different temperature and area reduction ratios. Physical-chemical nondestructive testing was employed to detect SDs in the specimens before and after the rolling test. The depth of the SDs of the rolled specimens was measured using an optical microscope. The results revealed that the SDs depended both on the rolling parameters (temperature and reduction ratios) and the contact condition between the specimen and the roll groove during rolling, which is one of the characteristics of bar rolling that distinguishes it from flat rolling. The decrease in temperature caused an increase in the defect depth above the appropriate reduction ratio of 24.61% when the part of the specimen was in contact with the roll shoulder curve and the relief line of the oval roll groove. The proposed processing map presents a guiding path for operators in actual bar rolling mills to quickly determine a rolling condition (combination of temperature and reduction ratio), avoid SDs, and minimize defect depth within an acceptable range.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139807649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synergistic effect of different high-performance fibers on the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of novel hybrid metal matrix composites produced via friction stir processing for automotive applications","authors":"S. Olhan, Bindu Antil, B. K. Behera","doi":"10.1177/09544054241229469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054241229469","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to produce novel hybrid metal matrix composite (HMMC’s) material using a mixture of reinforcement (basalt, E-glass, and carbon fibers) in long, chopped, and flakes form via Friction Stir Processing (FSP) techniques. Subsequently, the effect of hybrid reinforcement on microstructural evolutions, mechanical performance, and the fracture mechanism of HMMC’s was investigated. The results demonstrated that hybrid reinforcement synergistically enhanced the tensile, flexural, and impact performance of FSPed HMMC’s compared to monolithic composites (non-hybrid) and received base metal (BM). The long fiber-reinforced hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites (HL) show a ~156% increment in tensile strength and ~196% increment in impact strength, while flakes-reinforced hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites (HF) show a ~101% increment in flexural strength compared to the BM. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis demonstrated a homogeneous dispersion of reinforcement and an excellent interfacial bonding of fibers with the aluminum matrix in the fabricated composites. The validation of element distribution and composition within the composites was confirmed using FESEM elemental mapping and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139868050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synergistic effect of different high-performance fibers on the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of novel hybrid metal matrix composites produced via friction stir processing for automotive applications","authors":"S. Olhan, Bindu Antil, B. K. Behera","doi":"10.1177/09544054241229469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054241229469","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to produce novel hybrid metal matrix composite (HMMC’s) material using a mixture of reinforcement (basalt, E-glass, and carbon fibers) in long, chopped, and flakes form via Friction Stir Processing (FSP) techniques. Subsequently, the effect of hybrid reinforcement on microstructural evolutions, mechanical performance, and the fracture mechanism of HMMC’s was investigated. The results demonstrated that hybrid reinforcement synergistically enhanced the tensile, flexural, and impact performance of FSPed HMMC’s compared to monolithic composites (non-hybrid) and received base metal (BM). The long fiber-reinforced hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites (HL) show a ~156% increment in tensile strength and ~196% increment in impact strength, while flakes-reinforced hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites (HF) show a ~101% increment in flexural strength compared to the BM. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis demonstrated a homogeneous dispersion of reinforcement and an excellent interfacial bonding of fibers with the aluminum matrix in the fabricated composites. The validation of element distribution and composition within the composites was confirmed using FESEM elemental mapping and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139808127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental study on the surface defects of materials in bar rolling with a processing map applicable to billet-to-oval groove rolling","authors":"Dongyun Lee, Yong-Hoon Roh, Youngseog Lee","doi":"10.1177/09544054231225790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054231225790","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a systematic method for detecting surface defects (SDs) on specimens by performing a pilot hot (850°C–950°C) bar rolling test and suggests a processing map for billet-to-oval groove pass in bar rolling mills. Unlike previous studies, the specimens for the rolling test were prepared such that the billet surface became the surface of the specimens. A series of the rolling tests were performed at different temperature and area reduction ratios. Physical-chemical nondestructive testing was employed to detect SDs in the specimens before and after the rolling test. The depth of the SDs of the rolled specimens was measured using an optical microscope. The results revealed that the SDs depended both on the rolling parameters (temperature and reduction ratios) and the contact condition between the specimen and the roll groove during rolling, which is one of the characteristics of bar rolling that distinguishes it from flat rolling. The decrease in temperature caused an increase in the defect depth above the appropriate reduction ratio of 24.61% when the part of the specimen was in contact with the roll shoulder curve and the relief line of the oval roll groove. The proposed processing map presents a guiding path for operators in actual bar rolling mills to quickly determine a rolling condition (combination of temperature and reduction ratio), avoid SDs, and minimize defect depth within an acceptable range.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139867422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}