Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Exploring the viability of alternative cooling-lubrication strategies in machining processes: A comprehensive review on the performance and sustainability assessment 探索加工过程中替代冷却润滑策略的可行性:性能和可持续性评估综合评述
IF 2.6 3区 工程技术
S. Roy, Anshuman Das, Ramanuj Kumar, Sudhansu Ranjan Das, Mohammad Rafighi, Priyaranjan Sharma
{"title":"Exploring the viability of alternative cooling-lubrication strategies in machining processes: A comprehensive review on the performance and sustainability assessment","authors":"S. Roy, Anshuman Das, Ramanuj Kumar, Sudhansu Ranjan Das, Mohammad Rafighi, Priyaranjan Sharma","doi":"10.1177/09544054241229472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054241229472","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the challenges of machining difficult-to-cut metals using tools like coated carbide, ceramics, and CBN under dry conditions, addressing issues such as heat generation, tool wear and friction, chip evacuation, surface integrity, vibration, and chatter. Though cutting fluids have historically improved machinability, environmental concerns, such as toxicity and non-biodegradability, are significant. Researchers aim to enhance the economic and ecological aspects of machining by reducing cutting fluid usage. This paper provides an overview of the performance assessment and sustainability evaluation of various cooling and lubrication methods during the machining of hard-to-machine as well as difficult-to-cut metals. Additionally, the literature review highlights various environmentally friendly cooling strategies, such as minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and cryogenic arrangements. According to the results of this review, the utilization of various cooling and lubrication technologies has the potential to enhance both sustainability and machinability properties while prolonging the lifespan of cutting tools. The findings also show that there is a lot of room for improvement in terms of optimizing and making these cooling-lubrication solutions more practical and effective.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139787324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the viability of alternative cooling-lubrication strategies in machining processes: A comprehensive review on the performance and sustainability assessment 探索加工过程中替代冷却润滑策略的可行性:性能和可持续性评估综合评述
IF 2.6 3区 工程技术
S. Roy, Anshuman Das, Ramanuj Kumar, Sudhansu Ranjan Das, Mohammad Rafighi, Priyaranjan Sharma
{"title":"Exploring the viability of alternative cooling-lubrication strategies in machining processes: A comprehensive review on the performance and sustainability assessment","authors":"S. Roy, Anshuman Das, Ramanuj Kumar, Sudhansu Ranjan Das, Mohammad Rafighi, Priyaranjan Sharma","doi":"10.1177/09544054241229472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054241229472","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the challenges of machining difficult-to-cut metals using tools like coated carbide, ceramics, and CBN under dry conditions, addressing issues such as heat generation, tool wear and friction, chip evacuation, surface integrity, vibration, and chatter. Though cutting fluids have historically improved machinability, environmental concerns, such as toxicity and non-biodegradability, are significant. Researchers aim to enhance the economic and ecological aspects of machining by reducing cutting fluid usage. This paper provides an overview of the performance assessment and sustainability evaluation of various cooling and lubrication methods during the machining of hard-to-machine as well as difficult-to-cut metals. Additionally, the literature review highlights various environmentally friendly cooling strategies, such as minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and cryogenic arrangements. According to the results of this review, the utilization of various cooling and lubrication technologies has the potential to enhance both sustainability and machinability properties while prolonging the lifespan of cutting tools. The findings also show that there is a lot of room for improvement in terms of optimizing and making these cooling-lubrication solutions more practical and effective.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139847292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical simulation of material flow and defect formation during FSW to predict weld failure location 对 FSW 过程中的材料流动和缺陷形成进行数值模拟,以预测焊接故障位置
IF 2.6 3区 工程技术
A. Choudhary, Rahul Jain
{"title":"Numerical simulation of material flow and defect formation during FSW to predict weld failure location","authors":"A. Choudhary, Rahul Jain","doi":"10.1177/09544054241229478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054241229478","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting the failure location of welded specimens is of importance for various industrial applications. In friction stir welding, material flow and eventually defect have an effect on the failure location. In the current work, a three-dimensional coupled Eulerian Lagrangian (CEL) is developed to study the material flow and predict defects originating during friction stir welding of AA2024 having a thickness of 3 mm. To minimize defects and achieve good weld quality, a square-shaped pin is used. The developed model is validated with experimentally observed axial force and spindle torque. Numerically predicted defects have been validated with experimental fracture locations and strength to test the robustness of the model in quantifying defects. Peak temperature increased by 10.7% when rotational speed was increased from 600 to 1500 rpm. Also, the peak temperature rise of 6.1% is observed when the welding speed is increased from 60 to 150 mm/min. Higher rotational and welding speed led to lower defects. At 1500 rpm and 150 mm/min process conditions, the highest weld strength of 447 MPa is obtained. Material flow analysis is carried out for varying process parameters; an intermixing of material flow with a zig-zag pattern is observed for 1500 rpm, indicating better material flow as compared with 600 rpm.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139847720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical simulation of material flow and defect formation during FSW to predict weld failure location 对 FSW 过程中的材料流动和缺陷形成进行数值模拟,以预测焊接故障位置
IF 2.6 3区 工程技术
A. Choudhary, Rahul Jain
{"title":"Numerical simulation of material flow and defect formation during FSW to predict weld failure location","authors":"A. Choudhary, Rahul Jain","doi":"10.1177/09544054241229478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054241229478","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting the failure location of welded specimens is of importance for various industrial applications. In friction stir welding, material flow and eventually defect have an effect on the failure location. In the current work, a three-dimensional coupled Eulerian Lagrangian (CEL) is developed to study the material flow and predict defects originating during friction stir welding of AA2024 having a thickness of 3 mm. To minimize defects and achieve good weld quality, a square-shaped pin is used. The developed model is validated with experimentally observed axial force and spindle torque. Numerically predicted defects have been validated with experimental fracture locations and strength to test the robustness of the model in quantifying defects. Peak temperature increased by 10.7% when rotational speed was increased from 600 to 1500 rpm. Also, the peak temperature rise of 6.1% is observed when the welding speed is increased from 60 to 150 mm/min. Higher rotational and welding speed led to lower defects. At 1500 rpm and 150 mm/min process conditions, the highest weld strength of 447 MPa is obtained. Material flow analysis is carried out for varying process parameters; an intermixing of material flow with a zig-zag pattern is observed for 1500 rpm, indicating better material flow as compared with 600 rpm.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical simulation and experimental research on through-mask electrochemical machining of micro-dimple arrays using inner-jet cathodes 使用内喷射阴极对微脆性阵列进行通罩电化学加工的数值模拟和实验研究
IF 2.6 3区 工程技术
Feng Wang, Tao Wang, Yafeng He, Zhiqiang Yu, Yiming Shen, M. Kang
{"title":"Numerical simulation and experimental research on through-mask electrochemical machining of micro-dimple arrays using inner-jet cathodes","authors":"Feng Wang, Tao Wang, Yafeng He, Zhiqiang Yu, Yiming Shen, M. Kang","doi":"10.1177/09544054241229499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054241229499","url":null,"abstract":"The surface micro-dimple arrays can effectively improve the friction and lubrication performance of moving parts and are widely used in cutting tools and mechanical transmissions. Through-mask electrochemical machining (TMECM) is a process that uses the anodic dissolution principle to remove materials at low temperatures. It is suitable for efficiently processing large-area micro-dimple arrays on metal surfaces. However, the previous TMECM method still suffers from the problem of low processing adaptability. In this paper, a new method for scanning-cathode TMECM by utilizing the fluid dynamic pressure effect was proposed, and the flow field and electric field models of various inner-jet cathodes were developed as well. Through numerical simulations of the flow field and electric field, the flow velocity, electrolyte pressure, and current density distributions for different inner-jet cathodes were investigated to determine an appropriate cathode. Contrasting experiments were conducted to investigate the variations in electrolyte flow states and machining currents for different inner-jet cathodes. Additionally, the changes in micro-dimple dimensions under different machining parameters were investigated. Moreover, the micro-dimple arrays of 385.7 μm in diameter and 111.8 μm in depth, 288.8 μm in diameter and 40.3 μm in depth, and micro-dimple arrays with an etching factor of 1.69 were fabricated, and the results demonstrated the good processing adaptability of the scanning-cathode TMECM.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139789997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design of field shaper suitable for plate and experimental research on welding of dissimilar materials 设计适用于板材的现场成型机,开展异种材料焊接实验研究
IF 2.6 3区 工程技术
Zhi Li, Yingzi Chen, Wenxiong Peng, Huaiqing Zhang
{"title":"Design of field shaper suitable for plate and experimental research on welding of dissimilar materials","authors":"Zhi Li, Yingzi Chen, Wenxiong Peng, Huaiqing Zhang","doi":"10.1177/09544054241229482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054241229482","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic pulse welding realizes solid-state connection through a high-speed collision of materials, which can effectively overcome the welding difficulties of light metal materials. In the magnetic pulse welding system, in order to improve the welding efficiency, a field shaper is usually applied between the multi-turn coil and the workpiece to concentrate the magnetic field in the welding area, thereby improving the electromagnetic force. However, a large number of researchers are currently on the tube-welded field shaper, and very few researchers have studied the structure of the plate-welded field shaper. Therefore, this paper proposed a new field shaper for plate welding. The effect of the structure parameter of the field shaper on the magnetic field and electromagnetic force on the aluminum plate was analyzed in the COMSOL multiphysics software. The optimal structure parameters of the field shaper were selected. The plastic deformation and the generation of jets under different voltages and the welding of the same/dissimilar metal materials at different standoff distances were studied experimentally, which verifies the feasibility of the new field shaper.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139787839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A study on the thermodynamic characteristics of a mechanical A/C swing angle milling head 机械式 A/C 摆角铣头的热力学特性研究
IF 2.6 3区 工程技术
Youzheng Cui, Chengxin Liu, Haijing Mu, Yinfeng Liu, Hui Jiang, Fengxia Xu, Qingming Hu
{"title":"A study on the thermodynamic characteristics of a mechanical A/C swing angle milling head","authors":"Youzheng Cui, Chengxin Liu, Haijing Mu, Yinfeng Liu, Hui Jiang, Fengxia Xu, Qingming Hu","doi":"10.1177/09544054241229498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054241229498","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have evaluated the thermal error modeling and structural characteristics of the swing angle milling head; however, few studies have reported the thermodynamic characteristics of the swing angle milling head. Therefore, based on the thermodynamic theory, the thermodynamic characteristics of the mechanical A/C swing angle milling head of the five axis CNC gantry milling machine are evaluated, and the relevant heating calculation results are obtained. The temperature field distribution and thermodynamic characteristics of the swing angle milling head were simulated and analyzed by using ANSYS Workbench finite element software. In addition, the accuracy and rationality of the finite element simulation results of this study are verified based on the experimental conclusions of other relevant scholars that the maximum temperature of the gear is also mainly distributed near the pitch line of the tooth surface. The research results indicate that the maximum heat generation area inside the swing angle milling head is mainly concentrated on the pitch line of the bevel gear tooth surface of the main spindle execution component, with a maximum temperature of 43.559°C. The maximum thermal deformation is located at the tip of the swing angle milling head, with a maximum thermal deformation of 1.8353 × 10−5 m, this study can provide important theoretical reference and data support for the structural optimization and thermal deformation control of subsequent swing angle milling heads.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical simulation and experimental research on through-mask electrochemical machining of micro-dimple arrays using inner-jet cathodes 使用内喷射阴极对微脆性阵列进行通罩电化学加工的数值模拟和实验研究
IF 2.6 3区 工程技术
Feng Wang, Tao Wang, Yafeng He, Zhiqiang Yu, Yiming Shen, M. Kang
{"title":"Numerical simulation and experimental research on through-mask electrochemical machining of micro-dimple arrays using inner-jet cathodes","authors":"Feng Wang, Tao Wang, Yafeng He, Zhiqiang Yu, Yiming Shen, M. Kang","doi":"10.1177/09544054241229499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054241229499","url":null,"abstract":"The surface micro-dimple arrays can effectively improve the friction and lubrication performance of moving parts and are widely used in cutting tools and mechanical transmissions. Through-mask electrochemical machining (TMECM) is a process that uses the anodic dissolution principle to remove materials at low temperatures. It is suitable for efficiently processing large-area micro-dimple arrays on metal surfaces. However, the previous TMECM method still suffers from the problem of low processing adaptability. In this paper, a new method for scanning-cathode TMECM by utilizing the fluid dynamic pressure effect was proposed, and the flow field and electric field models of various inner-jet cathodes were developed as well. Through numerical simulations of the flow field and electric field, the flow velocity, electrolyte pressure, and current density distributions for different inner-jet cathodes were investigated to determine an appropriate cathode. Contrasting experiments were conducted to investigate the variations in electrolyte flow states and machining currents for different inner-jet cathodes. Additionally, the changes in micro-dimple dimensions under different machining parameters were investigated. Moreover, the micro-dimple arrays of 385.7 μm in diameter and 111.8 μm in depth, 288.8 μm in diameter and 40.3 μm in depth, and micro-dimple arrays with an etching factor of 1.69 were fabricated, and the results demonstrated the good processing adaptability of the scanning-cathode TMECM.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139850205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A study on the thermodynamic characteristics of a mechanical A/C swing angle milling head 机械式 A/C 摆角铣头的热力学特性研究
IF 2.6 3区 工程技术
Youzheng Cui, Chengxin Liu, Haijing Mu, Yinfeng Liu, Hui Jiang, Fengxia Xu, Qingming Hu
{"title":"A study on the thermodynamic characteristics of a mechanical A/C swing angle milling head","authors":"Youzheng Cui, Chengxin Liu, Haijing Mu, Yinfeng Liu, Hui Jiang, Fengxia Xu, Qingming Hu","doi":"10.1177/09544054241229498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054241229498","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have evaluated the thermal error modeling and structural characteristics of the swing angle milling head; however, few studies have reported the thermodynamic characteristics of the swing angle milling head. Therefore, based on the thermodynamic theory, the thermodynamic characteristics of the mechanical A/C swing angle milling head of the five axis CNC gantry milling machine are evaluated, and the relevant heating calculation results are obtained. The temperature field distribution and thermodynamic characteristics of the swing angle milling head were simulated and analyzed by using ANSYS Workbench finite element software. In addition, the accuracy and rationality of the finite element simulation results of this study are verified based on the experimental conclusions of other relevant scholars that the maximum temperature of the gear is also mainly distributed near the pitch line of the tooth surface. The research results indicate that the maximum heat generation area inside the swing angle milling head is mainly concentrated on the pitch line of the bevel gear tooth surface of the main spindle execution component, with a maximum temperature of 43.559°C. The maximum thermal deformation is located at the tip of the swing angle milling head, with a maximum thermal deformation of 1.8353 × 10−5 m, this study can provide important theoretical reference and data support for the structural optimization and thermal deformation control of subsequent swing angle milling heads.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139789143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design of field shaper suitable for plate and experimental research on welding of dissimilar materials 设计适用于板材的现场成型机,开展异种材料焊接实验研究
IF 2.6 3区 工程技术
Zhi Li, Yingzi Chen, Wenxiong Peng, Huaiqing Zhang
{"title":"Design of field shaper suitable for plate and experimental research on welding of dissimilar materials","authors":"Zhi Li, Yingzi Chen, Wenxiong Peng, Huaiqing Zhang","doi":"10.1177/09544054241229482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054241229482","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic pulse welding realizes solid-state connection through a high-speed collision of materials, which can effectively overcome the welding difficulties of light metal materials. In the magnetic pulse welding system, in order to improve the welding efficiency, a field shaper is usually applied between the multi-turn coil and the workpiece to concentrate the magnetic field in the welding area, thereby improving the electromagnetic force. However, a large number of researchers are currently on the tube-welded field shaper, and very few researchers have studied the structure of the plate-welded field shaper. Therefore, this paper proposed a new field shaper for plate welding. The effect of the structure parameter of the field shaper on the magnetic field and electromagnetic force on the aluminum plate was analyzed in the COMSOL multiphysics software. The optimal structure parameters of the field shaper were selected. The plastic deformation and the generation of jets under different voltages and the welding of the same/dissimilar metal materials at different standoff distances were studied experimentally, which verifies the feasibility of the new field shaper.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139847734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信