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Indirect Remittances: A Case Study of Originating Country 间接汇款:以原产国为例
European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions eJournal Pub Date : 2019-03-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3798979
Varachia Zakiyyah
{"title":"Indirect Remittances: A Case Study of Originating Country","authors":"Varachia Zakiyyah","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3798979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3798979","url":null,"abstract":"This paper sheds light on the unintended consequences of temporary migration from Eastern European by combining Merton’s functional analysis with Levitt’s work on social remittances. The article presents a juxtaposition of the non-material effects of earlier migration from Eastern European, dating from the turn of the twentieth century, with those of the contemporary era of migration from Eastern European since the 1990s. The analysis shows that some aspects, such as negotiating gender roles, the changing division of household labor, individualistic lifestyles, new skills and sources of social capital, and changing economic rationalities are constantly being transferred by migrants from destination to origin communities. Contemporary digital tools facilitate these transfers and contribute to changing norms and practices in Eastern European society. The article demonstrates that migration fulfils specific functions for particular sections of Eastern European society by replacing some functions of the communist state and by facilitating their adaptation to changing conditions.","PeriodicalId":206501,"journal":{"name":"European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions eJournal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128423369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Structural Determinants of the Labor Share in Europe 欧洲劳动收入占比的结构性决定因素
European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions eJournal Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.5089/9781498302920.001
Dilyana Dimova
{"title":"The Structural Determinants of the Labor Share in Europe","authors":"Dilyana Dimova","doi":"10.5089/9781498302920.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781498302920.001","url":null,"abstract":"The labor share in Europe has been on a downward trend. This paper finds that the decline is concentrated in manufacture and among low- to mid-skilled workers. The shifting nature of employment away from full-time jobs and a rollback of employment protection, unemployment benefits and unemployment benefits have been the main contributors. Technology and globalization hurt sectors where jobs are routinizable but helped others that require specialized skills. High-skilled professionals gained labor share driven by productivity aided by flexible work environments, while low- and mid-skilled workers lost labor share owing to globalization and the erosion of labor market safety nets.","PeriodicalId":206501,"journal":{"name":"European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions eJournal","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121114733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Undoing Gender with Institutions: Lessons from the German Division and Reunification 用制度消解性别:来自德国分裂和统一的教训
European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions eJournal Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/EJ/UEZ057
Quentin Lippmann, Alexandre Georgieff, Claudia Senik
{"title":"Undoing Gender with Institutions: Lessons from the German Division and Reunification","authors":"Quentin Lippmann, Alexandre Georgieff, Claudia Senik","doi":"10.1093/EJ/UEZ057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/EJ/UEZ057","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Using the 41-year division of Germany as a natural experiment, we show that the German Democratic Republic’s gender-equal institutions created a culture that has undone the male breadwinner norm and its consequences. Since reunification, East Germany still differs from West Germany not only because of its higher female contribution to household income, but also because East German women can earn more than their husbands without having to increase their number of housework hours, put their marriage at risk or withdraw from the labour market. By contrast, the norm of higher male income, and its consequences, are still prevalent in West Germany.","PeriodicalId":206501,"journal":{"name":"European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions eJournal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129336393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 56
The Impact of Demography on Psychological Capital: An Empirical Study in the Retail Sector 人口统计学对心理资本的影响:基于零售业的实证研究
European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions eJournal Pub Date : 2019-02-28 DOI: 10.34218/IJM.10.1.2019/008
M. Prasad, Dr. K V Sandhyavani
{"title":"The Impact of Demography on Psychological Capital: An Empirical Study in the Retail Sector","authors":"M. Prasad, Dr. K V Sandhyavani","doi":"10.34218/IJM.10.1.2019/008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34218/IJM.10.1.2019/008","url":null,"abstract":"In the current context of the Organization, which is characterized by high competition, a stimulating and constantly evolving environment, all organizations now focus more on developing and maintaining human capital rather than focusing more on financial capital and physics capital. Psychological capital is a central concept of positive psychology consisting of psychological resources of Self-Efficacy, Hope, Optimism and Resilience. Psychological capital leads to developing the positive behavior and attitude of an individual in the organization. The main objective of the study was to examine which factor of psychological capital influences employees in the retail sector and, secondly, study the correlation between the demographic profile of the respondents and the psychological capital. Around 100 employees were selected in the retail sector and a random sample was used to select the sample size of the population. SPSS 23.00 was used to analyze the data. The result of the study reveals that there is positive significant relationships between work experience, age group, education on psychological capital and designation have no significant relationship with psychological capital.","PeriodicalId":206501,"journal":{"name":"European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions eJournal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132536636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Spatial Interactions of Regional Labour Markets in Europe 欧洲区域劳动力市场的空间相互作用
European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions eJournal Pub Date : 2019-02-07 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3330778
Laura Helena Kivi
{"title":"Spatial Interactions of Regional Labour Markets in Europe","authors":"Laura Helena Kivi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3330778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3330778","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the spatial dependence of unemployment and employment rates in Europe relying on Eurostat NUTS2 level data for 306 European regions. Spatial dependence is explored using spatial error, spatial lag and a spatial autoregressive model with spatial autoregressive disturbances. The findings show that regional labour markets in Europe cluster in space – regions with high (low) (un)employment rate are surrounded by regions with high (low) (un)employment rate. The study provides evidence that significant spillovers across regional labour markets exist. The (un)employment rate in one region is directly affected by (un)employment rate changes in other regions, but also by unobserved shocks in other regions. It was found that the spatial effects are not determined by differences in the share of the population of youth, differences in industrial structure or difference in human capital. The results of the study confirm the importance of close coordination between regions while developing labour market and regional policy measures.","PeriodicalId":206501,"journal":{"name":"European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions eJournal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124366649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Role of Institutional Quality for Economic Growth in Europe 制度质量对欧洲经济增长的作用
European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions eJournal Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3375215
L. Glawe, H. Wagner
{"title":"The Role of Institutional Quality for Economic Growth in Europe","authors":"L. Glawe, H. Wagner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3375215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3375215","url":null,"abstract":"There is an ongoing debate within the economic growth and development literature whether institutions or human capital are more decisive for explaining differences in economic performance across countries. Our study adds further arguments to this discussion by focusing on 35 European countries. In particular, we estimate the effect of institutional quality and human capital on economic growth over the period 1996–2014 in a dynamic panel data model. We employ system GMM estimation to control for endogeneity and heterogeneity problems. Our findings suggest that institutional quality is the key driver of the growth of per capita income in Europe. At a more disaggregated level, we find that political stability, rule of law, regulatory quality, and control of corruption appear to be particularly important, whereas voice and accountability as well as government effectiveness are less relevant.","PeriodicalId":206501,"journal":{"name":"European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions eJournal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131697826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Data Science for Entrepreneurship Research: Studying Demand Dynamics for Entrepreneurial Skills in the Netherlands 创业研究的数据科学:研究荷兰创业技能的需求动态
European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions eJournal Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3326534
Jens Prufer, Patricia Prufer
{"title":"Data Science for Entrepreneurship Research: Studying Demand Dynamics for Entrepreneurial Skills in the Netherlands","authors":"Jens Prufer, Patricia Prufer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3326534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3326534","url":null,"abstract":"The recent rise of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) is changing markets, politics, organizations, and societies. It also affects the domain of research. Supported by new statistical methods that rely on computational power and computer science --- data science methods --- we are now able to analyze data sets that can be huge, multidimensional, unstructured, and are diversely sourced. In this paper, we describe the most prominent data science methods suitable for entrepreneurship research and provide links to literature and Internet resources for self-starters. We survey how data science methods have been applied in the entrepreneurship research literature. As a showcase of data science techniques, based on a dataset of 95% of all job vacancies in the Netherlands over a 6-year period with 7.7 million data points, we provide an original analysis of the demand dynamics for entrepreneurial skills in the Netherlands. We show which entrepreneurial skills are particularly important for which type of profession. Moreover, we find that demand for both entrepreneurial and digital skills has increased for managerial positions, but not for others. We also find that entrepreneurial skills were significantly more demanded than digital skills over the entire period 2012-2017 and that the absolute importance of entrepreneurial skills has even increased more than digital skills for managers, despite the impact of datafication on the labor market. We conclude that further studies of entrepreneurial skills in the general population --- outside the domain of entrepreneurs --- is a rewarding subject for future research.","PeriodicalId":206501,"journal":{"name":"European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126550114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Building a Model of Social and Psychological Adaptation 构建社会心理适应模型
European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions eJournal Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.18769/IJASOS.477601
V. Terziev
{"title":"Building a Model of Social and Psychological Adaptation","authors":"V. Terziev","doi":"10.18769/IJASOS.477601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18769/IJASOS.477601","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a model for social and psychological assistance to militaries discharged of service and the members of their families through the example of Bulgaria which has the potential to be a basis for the creation of an adaptive program and setting up criteria for efficiency in it. The model implies a main recommendation, namely - gaining of key competences adequate to the civil socium and labor market requirements which should be extended in further research. The model is based on the process of the social adaptation – its essence, peculiarities and affecting factors, as well as key elements and mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":206501,"journal":{"name":"European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions eJournal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113956933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Lost Boys: Access to Secondary Education and Crime 迷失的男孩:获得中等教育和犯罪
European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions eJournal Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3323199
Kristiina Huttunen, Tuomas Pekkarinen, Roope Uusitalo, Hanna Virtanen
{"title":"Lost Boys: Access to Secondary Education and Crime","authors":"Kristiina Huttunen, Tuomas Pekkarinen, Roope Uusitalo, Hanna Virtanen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3323199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3323199","url":null,"abstract":"We study the effect of post-compulsory education on crime by exploiting a regression discontinuity design generated by admission cut-offs to upper secondary schools in Finland. We combine data on school applications with data on criminal convictions and follow individuals for 10 years. Our results show that successful applicants are less likely to commit crimes during the first five years after admission. Crime is reduced both during and outside the school year, indicating that the channel through which schooling affects crime cannot be explained by incapacitation alone. We find no effect on crime committed after 6 years from admission.","PeriodicalId":206501,"journal":{"name":"European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions eJournal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131877216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Not in My Backyard: Do Increases in Immigration Cause Political Violence? 不要在我家后院:移民增加会导致政治暴力吗?
European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions eJournal Pub Date : 2018-12-27 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3310352
M. Marbach, G. Ropers
{"title":"Not in My Backyard: Do Increases in Immigration Cause Political Violence?","authors":"M. Marbach, G. Ropers","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3310352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3310352","url":null,"abstract":"While far-right parties profit electorally from rising immigration, we know very little about how increases in immigration mobilize opposition outside the electoral arena. Using fine-grained, classified data from the Federal Criminal Office in Germany, we estimate the causal effect of a sizable increase in asylum-seekers in a community on the probability of xenophobic hate crimes. Exploiting county-level quota regimes governing the allocation of asylum-seekers in Germany, we find that when immigration levels rise nationally, an increase in asylum-seeker arrivals in a community causes an increase in xenophobic hate crimes. We also document that these crimes are directed against asylum-seekers and not other non-natives, which suggests that they are instrumental actions intended to dispel and deter asylum-seekers from local communities.","PeriodicalId":206501,"journal":{"name":"European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions eJournal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121160934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
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