Progress in Oceanography最新文献_第7页

Trophic niche shifts in Japanese anchovy, Engraulis japonica, during ontogenetic migration in a temperate continental shelf system 温带大陆架系统中个体发生迁移过程中日本凤尾鱼的营养生态位变化

IF 3.8 3区地球科学

Progress in Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103471

Changseong Kim , Jaebin Jang , Jaesik Yang , Jang Han Choi , Hee Yoon Kang , Seong Yong Moon , Ho Young Soh , Heeyong Kim , Chang‑Keun Kang

{"title":"Trophic niche shifts in Japanese anchovy, Engraulis japonica, during ontogenetic migration in a temperate continental shelf system","authors":"Changseong Kim , Jaebin Jang , Jaesik Yang , Jang Han Choi , Hee Yoon Kang , Seong Yong Moon , Ho Young Soh , Heeyong Kim , Chang‑Keun Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the mechanisms driving ontogenetic niche shifts in fishes has predominantly focused on dietary changes in large predatory migrants. This study investigates trophic niche dynamics in a small, pelagic migratory fish, the Japanese anchovy (<em>Engraulis japonicus</em>). By mapping migratory paths across varied oceanographic regions on a temperate continental shelf of Korean waters, we quantified changes in the trophic niche using δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N values across different ontogenetic stages (juvenile, subadult, and adult). We hypothesized that biological and ecological processes associated with fish ontogeny and migration cause trophic niche shifts. Results showed that juvenile anchovies had a narrow trophic niche, which expanded as they matured, indicating a shift from specialist to generalist feeding habits, unlike many large predatory fishes. Limited isotopic niche overlap among life stages suggested niche partitioning within inshore habitats where all stages coexist. Morphological and behavioral traits related to life history likely drive these feeding modes and prey use changes. Isotopic profiles varied with migratory routes, reflecting spatial variations in zooplankton isotope baselines. Adults showed higher δ<sup>13</sup>C in the southern offshore (Yangtze River Diluted Water area) and lower δ<sup>15</sup>N in the eastern offshore (Tsushima Warm Current area) compared with inshore (South Korea Coastal Water area), resulting in distinct isotopic niches. This isotopic variation is likely due to differing lower trophic-level processes and zooplankton assemblages, as supported by our dietary mixing model. Our findings highlight that ontogenetic changes in feeding habits and adaptive responses to prey availability along their migratory paths facilitate trophic niche shifts in Japanese anchovy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 103471"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wind-driven upwelling in the Adriatic Sea: Coastal vs. open-sea processes 亚得里亚海的风驱动上升流：沿海与公海过程

IF 3.8 3区地球科学

Progress in Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103470

Mirko Orlić , Gordana Beg Paklar , Tomislav Džoić , Petra Lučić Jelić , Iva Međugorac , Hrvoje Mihanović , Stipe Muslim , Miroslava Pasarić , Zoran Pasarić , Antonio Stanešić

{"title":"Wind-driven upwelling in the Adriatic Sea: Coastal vs. open-sea processes","authors":"Mirko Orlić , Gordana Beg Paklar , Tomislav Džoić , Petra Lučić Jelić , Iva Međugorac , Hrvoje Mihanović , Stipe Muslim , Miroslava Pasarić , Zoran Pasarić , Antonio Stanešić","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper concentrates on the east Adriatic and a ten-day (20–29 May 2017) interval when a research cruise has been carried out, when the bottom probes have been operating close to the coast, and for which the satellite data have been available. Meteorological modeling has shown that two pulses of northern winds occurred at the time. The shipborne CTD and ADCP data collected on 28 May 2017 revealed a dense-water dome, with the surface cyclonic circulation developed around it, at a distance of 15–20 km from the coast. The temperature bottom probes and SST satellite sensors pointed to a decrease of temperature on two occasions, around 21 and 25–27 May 2017, close to the coast. The coincidence of the wind pulses with these processes in the sea indicated that they could be interpreted in terms of the wind-driven open-sea and coastal upwelling. In order to verify the interpretation, a simple analytical model has been developed and a combination of meteorological and oceanographic numerical modeling, with the wind field decomposed into the curl and curl-free components using the Helmholtz-Hodge approach, has been utilized. The theory and numerical simulations showed that the open-sea upwelling was related to the wind-curl effect while the coastal upwelling was controlled by interaction of the boundary and wind-curl effects. The phenomena were influenced by a positive feedback mechanism, which is more pronounced in shallow basins than in deep basins. This suggests that comparative studies of upwelling phenomena in different basins may be useful.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 103470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ocean mixed layer depth 2000–2020: Estimation assessment and long-term trends 2000-2020年海洋混合层深度：估算、评估和长期趋势

IF 3.8 3区地球科学

Progress in Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103467

Haochen Tang , Chen Wang , Huimin Li , Yijun He

{"title":"Ocean mixed layer depth 2000–2020: Estimation assessment and long-term trends","authors":"Haochen Tang , Chen Wang , Huimin Li , Yijun He","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate estimation of mixed layer depth (MLD) is crucial for understanding the upper ocean dynamics as well as their implications on climate and marine ecosystems. While various methods have been proposed to estimate MLD from vertical temperature and/or density profiles, a systematic evaluation across different algorithms remains untapped. In this study, twelve approaches for MLD estimation are implemented and compared based on the Argo profiles collected from 2000 to 2020. Each method is assessed based on the quality index (QI), which measures the uniformity of temperature or density profiles within the boundaries of the estimated MLD. We found the two methods of linear fitting and relative variance exhibit similar QI levels higher than the others. A ranking scheme for that the method with the highest QI for a given profile earns one score is then designed and applied. The linear fitting one obtains the highest and is thus recommended as the most reliable method for geophysical analysis. The global MLD patterns derived using this method are analyzed with extremes being predominantly found in mid-latitudes due to strong seasonal variations. Significant long-term changes are observed, particularly in the southern hemisphere during summer, where the MLD shows a deepening trend over the past 20 years. Results presented here shall provide valuable insights for choosing the most reliable MLD estimation methods and understanding the environmental drivers of MLD variations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 103467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Internal wave energetics and interactions with mesoscale structures in the Sicily Channel area 西西里岛海峡地区内波能量学及其与中尺度结构的相互作用

IF 3.8 3区地球科学

Progress in Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103465

Robin Rolland , Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot , Yannis Cuypers , Aurélie Albert , Julien Le Sommer

{"title":"Internal wave energetics and interactions with mesoscale structures in the Sicily Channel area","authors":"Robin Rolland , Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot , Yannis Cuypers , Aurélie Albert , Julien Le Sommer","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sicily Channel plays a crucial role in the general circulation of the Mediterranean Sea. However, the internal wave dynamics is still sparsely characterized in this area which is a hotspot for internal tides. Here, we benefit from a high-resolution model of the Mediterranean Sea with and without tidal forcings to study the synoptic internal wave dynamics in the Sicily Channel area as well as their interactions with the (sub)mesoscale field. We found strong semi-diurnal internal tide generation in the Sicily Channel and the Messina Strait. Diurnal internal tides are generated in the Sicily Channel, Pelagie Islands and the Malta Plateau, and are bottom-trapped because of their sub-inertial frequency. In contrast near-inertial waves are mainly generated in winter in the Tyrrhenian Sea and the northern Ionian Sea. We show that the geometry of the Sicily Channel prevents near-inertial wave to propagate through it. Near-inertial waves are trapped in anticyclonic eddies. In summer, we show that diurnal-inertial internal waves generated by the intense thermal breeze near coastal areas are trapped in anticyclonic eddies with an effective inertial frequency close to the diurnal frequency even far from 30°N of latitude. Implications for turbulence and mixing are discussed. We present indirect evidence of an enhanced forward energy cascade in the presence of tidal motions. Future work will focus on the impact of tidal motions on the energy cascade using a nested non-hydrostatic numerical simulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 103465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seasonality and interannual variability of physical, chemical and biological states and processes in the northern Barents Sea and adjacent areas 巴伦支海北部和邻近地区物理、化学和生物状态和过程的季节性和年际变化

IF 3.8 3区地球科学

Progress in Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103469

Bodil A. Bluhm, Johanna M. Aarflot, Tove M. Gabrielsen, Øyvind Foss, Agneta Fransson, Nils Olav Handegard, Oliver Müller

引用次数: 0

The Arctic Oscillation controls interannual transport and fate of particulate organic carbon on the Eurasian Arctic Shelf 北极涛动控制着欧亚北极大陆架上颗粒有机碳的年际运输和命运

IF 3.8 3区地球科学

Progress in Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103468

Jialong Luo , Limin Hu , Xiaoyu Wang , Yanguang Liu , Xun Gong , Yuanhui Huang , Weiguo Wang , Anatolii Astakhov , Oleg Dudarev , Igor Semiletov , Xuefa Shi

{"title":"The Arctic Oscillation controls interannual transport and fate of particulate organic carbon on the Eurasian Arctic Shelf","authors":"Jialong Luo , Limin Hu , Xiaoyu Wang , Yanguang Liu , Xun Gong , Yuanhui Huang , Weiguo Wang , Anatolii Astakhov , Oleg Dudarev , Igor Semiletov , Xuefa Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon export through the Arctic rivers could significantly impact land–ocean interactions and coastal ecosystems under global warming. However, the transport dynamics and coastal fate of these carbon associated with large river plumes on the adjacent shelves remain largely unknown, particularly under large-scale climate patterns like the Arctic Oscillation (AO). In this study, we analyzed the interannual variation of particulate organic carbon (POC) and hydrological properties on the Eurasian Arctic Shelf (EAS) during summer to examine the influence of AO on the coastal dispersal of POC in the EAS. Our results revealed interannual spatial heterogeneity in highly depleted δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>POC</sub> values in the Laptev Sea under varying atmospheric conditions. This significant depletion of δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>POC</sub> could be attributed to the selective dispersal of aquatic biomass POC, coupled with rapid settlement of mineral-rich POC, as indicated by the relationship between δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>POC</sub> and salinity within the Lena plume. Therefore, variations in the pathways of river plumes, driven by atmospheric forcing under the annual AO regime, could not only affect the hydrological regime of the Laptev Sea but also modulate the dispersal and dynamics of POC in the EAS. Our findings are crucial for understanding the biogeochemical behavior of terrigenous POC and its impact on the future carbon cycle and coastal ecosystem in the Arctic margins, particularly in the context of recent warming and a positive trend of AO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 103468"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surface CO2 partial pressure and air–sea CO2 flux on the China side of the South Yellow Sea based on multiple-year underway measurements during 2005–2011 and comparison with results for 2011–2018 基于2005-2011年多年测量数据并与2011-2018年结果比较的南黄海中国侧地表CO2分压和海气CO2通量

IF 3.8 3区地球科学

Progress in Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-03-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103466

Wei-dong Zhai , Xiang-hui Guo , Yan Bai , Xianqiang He , Kai Tang , Minhan Dai

{"title":"Surface CO2 partial pressure and air–sea CO2 flux on the China side of the South Yellow Sea based on multiple-year underway measurements during 2005–2011 and comparison with results for 2011–2018","authors":"Wei-dong Zhai , Xiang-hui Guo , Yan Bai , Xianqiang He , Kai Tang , Minhan Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By resolving spatiotemporal variations in sea surface partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> (<em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub>) based on multiple-year underway measurements, we quantified basin-scale air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange flux on the China side of the South Yellow Sea between 2005 and 2011, and compared it with the result obtained between 2011 and 2018. Over the three subregions under study, the area-weighted average of the CO<sub>2</sub> influx rate was estimated to be 1.1 ± 1.5 mol m<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> during 2005–2011, which is only half the annual CO<sub>2</sub> influx rate over the adjacent East China Sea shelf but not remarkably different from the rate (0.4 ± 2.1 mol m<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>) estimated for almost the same sea area during 2011–2018. Over central and western parts of the South Yellow Sea, subregion-specific fitting curves of monthly variations in air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> flux during 2005–2011 were consistent with those monthly variations during 2011–2018. However, over the southern part of the South Yellow Sea near the Changjiang Estuary, the fitting curve of monthly variations in air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes during 2005–2011 located systematically on one side of the monthly variation estimated for 2011–2018, indicating that annual CO<sub>2</sub> uptake had weakened in this subregion. Both cases were different from some other ocean margin areas characterized by enhanced CO<sub>2</sub> uptake following rise in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. To study the potential shift in terms of shelf CO<sub>2</sub> sources and sinks over multiple decades and under environmental changes, further field observations and data-based research are needed on several large continental shelves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 103466"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What makes a marine heatwave forecast useable, useful and used? 是什么使海洋热浪预报可用、有用和被使用？

IF 3.8 3区地球科学

Progress in Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103464

Claire M. Spillman , Alistair J. Hobday , Erik Behrens , Ming Feng , Antonietta Capotondi , Sophie Cravatte , Neil J. Holbrook , Alex Sen Gupta

{"title":"What makes a marine heatwave forecast useable, useful and used?","authors":"Claire M. Spillman , Alistair J. Hobday , Erik Behrens , Ming Feng , Antonietta Capotondi , Sophie Cravatte , Neil J. Holbrook , Alex Sen Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is growing concern among decision makers in a warming world that increasing frequency and severity of extreme events, such as marine heatwaves, is making historical information less representative and useful. To aid decision making in a rapidly warming ocean, researchers have developed new forecast tools that can predict marine heatwaves on sub-seasonal to seasonal timescales. As demand from marine stakeholders increases for actionable information, effective transfer is paramount for uptake and response. Here we consider three aspects critical to aid this information transfer. The model system must be <u>useful</u> – having the appropriate model type, resolution, and domain, with model skill verified against observations. The forecasts must be <u>useable</u> with skill on timescales relevant to decision making, interpretable by end users, and delivered in a practical format. The forecast information must be <u>used</u>, which requires clear communication at appropriate levels, strong user engagement, and consideration of industry agility and incentives. Feedback between these three aspects is needed to ensure continuous improvement in the level of forecast usefulness, useability, and uptake. Forecasts are a critical tool in the management of climate risk and the framework we present here will be important for maintaining profitable and sustainable marine industries into the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 103464"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nutrient dynamics in the East China Sea: Seasonal changes, budget, and ecological impacts 东海的营养动态：季节变化、预算和生态影响

IF 3.8 3区地球科学

Progress in Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103463

Xiaosong Zhong , Jiaming Liu , Mengjiao Shi , Xiaotian Liu , Zongqing Lv , Xiangbin Ran

{"title":"Nutrient dynamics in the East China Sea: Seasonal changes, budget, and ecological impacts","authors":"Xiaosong Zhong , Jiaming Liu , Mengjiao Shi , Xiaotian Liu , Zongqing Lv , Xiangbin Ran","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continental seas have experienced significant eutrophication due to intensified anthropogenic activities. This study aims to elucidate the processes that govern the budgets of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and dissolved silicate (DSi) in the East China Sea (ECS). Key nutrient sources include terrestrial runoff, atmospheric deposition, water column regeneration, and Kuroshio Current (KC) intrusions, jointly influencing the concentrations, distribution, and stoichiometry of nutrients in the ECS. Diffusion at the sediment–water interface contributes over 30% of DIN input, while the KC and the Taiwan Warm Current dominate inputs of DIP (69.1%) and DSi (66.3%), respectively. In contrast, riverine inputs, accounting for 12.3% of DIN and 4.73% of DIP, primarily affect nearshore surface waters and have minimal influence offshore. The distinct sources and cycling processes of DIN, DIP, and DSi lead to imbalanced nutrient stoichiometry in the ECS. This imbalance is further exacerbated by the disparity between nutrient regeneration and primary production. This study highlights the need for effective nutrient management to mitigate negative ecological consequences in the ECS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 103463"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patterns of kinetic energy conversion in a time-average upper ocean 时间平均的上层海洋动能转换模式

IF 3.8 3区地球科学

Progress in Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103453

Carl Wunsch

{"title":"Patterns of kinetic energy conversion in a time-average upper ocean","authors":"Carl Wunsch","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Patterns of the spatial fluxes and conversion of oceanic kinetic energy are explored using a 26-year temporal average of a dynamically consistent ECCO state estimate. Because thermal-wind balance is found to be accurate over much of the ocean domain, and with correspondingly small Rossby numbers, a linear analysis is used. Despite the averaging the abyssal ocean average proves remarkably noisy, and thus the focus is on the upper ocean and using the surface layer to 50 m, and depths of 300, 2000, and 3000 m as representative. Surface patterns to 300 m are broadly consistent with what is expected from wind-forcing via Ekman layers. At 2000 m, north of the equator, the flow of North Atlantic Deep Water is dominated by interior flow, and not by the western boundary current used in some over-simplified descriptions. By 3000 m, fluxes are spatially intricate, and presumed to represent the effects of incompletely resolved topographic features. Deep western boundary currents are prominent in kinetic energy, with the surprising exception of the northern North Atlantic and have a complex structure. The complexity of the oceanic container (topography and lateral boundaries) controls much of the circulation when averaged over decades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 103453"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0