Proceedings of the Royal Society B最新文献

{"title":"Melanism protects alpine zooplankton from DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation","authors":"C. K. Ulbing, Julia M. Muuse, Brooks E. Miner","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2019.2075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2075","url":null,"abstract":"Melanism is widely observed among animals, and is adaptive in various contexts for its thermoregulatory, camouflaging, mate-attraction or photoprotective properties. Many organisms exposed to ultraviolet radiation show increased fitness resulting from melanin pigmentation; this has been assumed to result in part from reduced UV-induced damage to DNA. However, to effectively test the hypothesis that melanin pigmentation reduces UV-induced DNA damage requires quantification of UV-specific DNA damage lesions following UV exposure under controlled conditions using individuals that vary in pigmentation intensity. We accomplished this using alpine genotypes of the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia melanica, for which we quantified cyclobutane pyrimide dimers in DNA, a damage structure that can only be generated by UV exposure. For genotypes with carapace melanin pigmentation, we found that individuals with greater melanin content sustained lower levels of UV-induced DNA damage. Individuals with more melanin were also more likely to survive exposure to ecologically relevant levels of UV-B radiation. Parallel experiments with conspecific genotypes that lack carapace melanin pigmentation provide additional support for our conclusion that melanism protects individuals from UV-induced DNA damage. Finally, within-genotype comparisons with asexually produced clonal siblings demonstrate that melanin content influences DNA damage even among genetically identical individuals raised in the same environment.","PeriodicalId":20609,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73568373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social wasps are effective biocontrol agents of key lepidopteran crop pests","authors":"R. Southon, O. Fernandes, F. Nascimento, S. Sumner","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2019.1676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1676","url":null,"abstract":"Biocontrol agents can help reduce pest populations as part of an integrated pest management scheme, with minimal environmental consequences. However, biocontrol agents are often non-native species and require significant infrastructure; overuse of single agents results in pest resistance. Native biocontrol agents are urgently required for more sustainable multi-faceted approaches to pest management. Social wasps are natural predators of lepidopteran pests, yet their viability as native biocontrol agents is largely unknown. Here, we provide evidence that the social paper wasp Polistes satan is a successful predator on the larvae of two economically important and resilient crop pests, the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (on sugarcane Saccharum spp.) and the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (on maize Zea mays); P. satan wasps significantly reduce crop pest damage. These results provide the much-needed baseline experimental evidence that social wasps have untapped potential as native biocontrol agents for sustainable crop production and food security.","PeriodicalId":20609,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85568270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similar immediate costs of raising cuckoo and host chicks can hardly explain low levels of antiparasite defence in hosts. A Comment on: Samaš et al. (2018)","authors":"Canchao Yang, W. Liang, A. Møller","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2018.2430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2430","url":null,"abstract":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, People’s Republic of China Laboratoire d’Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 362, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China","PeriodicalId":20609,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","volume":"12 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78331952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to ‘Revisiting metazoan phylogeny with genomic sampling of all phyla’","authors":"C. Laumer, R. Fernández, S. Lemer, David J. Combosch, K. Kocot, A. Riesgo, S. Andrade, W. Sterrer, M. Sørensen, Gonzalo Giribet","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2019.1941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1941","url":null,"abstract":"Since the publication of this manuscript, a number of minor errors have made themselves known, which do not, however, substantively alter our results or conclusions. During the construction of figure 5b, the terminal labels for Porifera and Ctenophorawere erroneously switched.We here provide a corrected version of the figurewith the proper labels, as in the original posterior consensus tree onwhich it is based (electronic supplementary material, figure S20). In the construction of the electronic supplementary material (ESM) figures, the cladogram given for electronic supplementary material, figure S7 (on which figure 2a,b was based) did not correspond to the posterior consensus summary conditions referred to in the figure caption. In the revised electronic supplementary material associated with this Correction, electronic supplementarymaterial, figure S7 now contains the correct cladogram referred to by its caption. Elsewhere in the electronic supplementary material figure captions (for electronic supplementary material, figures S7–S9, S17 andS20), theposterior consensus summary conditionsweremisreported. We have now corrected these captions to reflect parameter values of PHYLOBAYES ‘bpcomp’ that reproduce the trees shown in each electronic supplementary material figure. In the original electronic supplementary material, we also signified that cDNA libraries annotated with ‘*’ were amplified via the phi29-mRNA amplification (PMA) method, conflicting with the use of this symbol described in the electronic supplementary material, table S1 caption to mark rogue taxa. We have removed this conflict; ‘*’ is now intended only to refer to rogue taxa. SRA metadata describe which libraries were amplified via PMA. An incorrect NCBI accession number for the ‘Pedicellina sp. FHL’ library also appeared in electronic supplementary material, table S1, which has now been replacedwith the correct accession. Finally, an anomaly introducedby the journal’s copy-editing process, and not caught at proof-reading, erroneously removed one author, Gert Wörheide, from the author list of references 11, 12, 16 and 29. The correct references are given below:","PeriodicalId":20609,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85502596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered trophic interactions in warming climates: consequences for predator diet breadth and fitness.","authors":"Elvire Bestion, Andrea Soriano-Redondo, Julien Cucherousset, Staffan Jacob, Joël White, Lucie Zinger, Lisa Fourtune, Lucie Di Gesu, Aimeric Teyssier, Julien Cote","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2019.2227","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2019.2227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species interactions are central in predicting the impairment of biodiversity with climate change. Trophic interactions may be altered through climate-dependent changes in either predator food preferences or prey communities. Yet, climate change impacts on predator diet remain surprisingly poorly understood. We experimentally studied the consequences of 2°C warmer climatic conditions on the trophic niche of a generalist lizard predator. We used a system of semi-natural mesocosms housing a variety of invertebrate species and in which climatic conditions were manipulated. Lizards in warmer climatic conditions ate at a greater predatory to phytophagous invertebrate ratio and had smaller individual dietary breadths. These shifts mainly arose from direct impacts of climate on lizard diets rather than from changes in prey communities. Dietary changes were associated with negative changes in fitness-related traits (body condition, gut microbiota) and survival. We demonstrate that climate change alters trophic interactions through top-predator dietary shifts, which might disrupt eco-evolutionary dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":20609,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","volume":"3 1","pages":"20192227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6834436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78671228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Everything is not everywhere: can marine compartments shape phytoplankton assemblages?","authors":"S. Spatharis, Vasiliki Lamprinou, A. Meziti, K. Kormas, Daniel D. Danielidis, E. Smeti, D. Roelke, R. Mancy, G. Tsirtsis","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2019.1890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1890","url":null,"abstract":"The idea that ‘everything is everywhere, but the environment selects' has been seminal in microbial biogeography, and marine phytoplankton is one of the prototypical groups used to illustrate this. The typical argument has been that phytoplankton is ubiquitous, but that distinct assemblages form under environmental selection. It is well established that phytoplankton assemblages vary considerably between coastal ecosystems. However, the relative roles of compartmentalization of regional seas and site-specific environmental conditions in shaping assemblage structures have not been specifically examined. We collected data from coastal embayments that fall within two different water compartments within the same regional sea and are characterized by highly localized environmental pressures. We used principal coordinates of neighbour matrices (PCNM) and asymmetric eigenvector maps (AEM) models to partition the effects that spatial structures, environmental conditions and their overlap had on the variation in assemblage composition. Our models explained a high percentage of variation in assemblage composition (59–65%) and showed that spatial structure consistent with marine compartmentalization played a more important role than local environmental conditions. At least during the study period, surface currents connecting sites within the two compartments failed to generate sufficient dispersal to offset the impact of differences due to compartmentalization. In other words, our findings suggest that, even for a prototypical cosmopolitan group, everything is not everywhere.","PeriodicalId":20609,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90334838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of tree cover in tropical floodplains","authors":"J. H. Daskin, F. Aires, A. Staver","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2019.1755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1755","url":null,"abstract":"Tree cover differentiates forests from savannas and grasslands. In tropical floodplains, factors differentiating these systems are poorly known, even though floodplains cover 10% of the tropical landmass. Seasonal inundation potentially presents trees with both challenges (soil anoxia) and benefits (moisture and nutrient deposition), the relative importance of which may depend on ecological context, e.g. if floods alleviate water stress more in more arid ecosystems. Here, we use remotely sensed data across 13 large tropical and sub-tropical floodplain ecosystems on five continents to show that climatic water balance (i.e. precipitation—potential evapotranspiration) strongly increases floodplain tree cover in interaction with flooding, fire and topography. As predicted, flooding increases tree cover in more arid floodplains, but decreases tree cover in climatically wetter ones. As in uplands, frequent fire reduced tree cover, particularly in wet regions, but—in contrast with uplands—lower elevation and sandier soils decreased tree cover. Our results suggest that predicting the impacts of changing climate, land use and hydrology on floodplain ecosystems depends on considering climate-disturbance interactions. While outright wetland conversion proceeds globally, additional anthropogenic activities, including alteration of fire frequencies and dam construction, will also shift floodplain tree cover, especially in wet climates.","PeriodicalId":20609,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78501831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin of horsetails and the role of whole-genome duplication in plant macroevolution.","authors":"James W Clark, Mark N Puttick, Philip C J Donoghue","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2019.1662","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2019.1662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whole-genome duplication (WGD) has occurred commonly in land plant evolution and it is often invoked as a causal agent in diversification, phenotypic and developmental innovation, as well as conferring extinction resistance. The ancient and iconic lineage of <i>Equisetum</i> is no exception, where WGD has been inferred to have occurred prior to the Cretaceous-Palaeogene (K-Pg) boundary, coincident with WGD events in angiosperms. In the absence of high species diversity, WGD in <i>Equisetum</i> is interpreted to have facilitated the long-term survival of the lineage. However, this characterization remains uncertain as these analyses of the <i>Equisetum</i> WGD event have not accounted for fossil diversity. Here, we analyse additional available transcriptomes and summarize the fossil record. Our results confirm support for at least one WGD event shared among the majority of extant <i>Equisetum</i> species. Furthermore, we use improved dating methods to constrain the age of gene duplication in geological time and identify two successive <i>Equisetum</i> WGD events. The two WGD events occurred during the Carboniferous and Triassic, respectively, rather than in association with the K-Pg boundary. WGD events are believed to drive high rates of trait evolution and innovations, but analysed trends of morphological evolution across the historical diversity of <i>Equisetum</i> provide little evidence for further macroevolutionary consequences following WGD. WGD events cannot have conferred extinction resistance to the <i>Equisetum</i> lineage through the K-Pg boundary since the ploidy events occurred hundreds of millions of years before this mass extinction and we find evidence of extinction among fossil polyploid <i>Equisetum</i> lineages. Our findings precipitate the need for a review of the proposed roles of WGDs in biological innovation and extinction survival in angiosperm and non-angiosperm lineages alike.</p>","PeriodicalId":20609,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","volume":"8 1","pages":"20191662"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6842847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88863686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple costs are relevant for evolution of host anti-parasite defences. Reply to Yang C et al. (2018).","authors":"P. Samaš, Michal Kysučan, M. Honza, T. Grim","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2019.1690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1690","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20609,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72742189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serratia marcescens shapes cutaneous bacterial communities and influences survival of an amphibian host","authors":"Joseph D. Madison, S. Ouellette, E. L. Schmidt, J. Kerby","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2019.1833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1833","url":null,"abstract":"Ongoing investigations into the interactions between microbial communities and their associated hosts are changing how emerging diseases are perceived and ameliorated. Of the numerous host–microbiome–disease systems of study, the emergence of chytridiomycosis (caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, hereafter Bd) has been implicated in ongoing declines and extinction events of amphibians worldwide. Interestingly, there has been differential survival among amphibians in resisting Bd infection and subsequent disease. One factor thought to contribute to this resistance is the host-associated cutaneous microbiota. This has raised the possibility of using genetically modified probiotics to restructure the host-associated microbiota for desired anti-fungal outcomes. Here, we use a previously described strain of Serratia marcescens (Sm) for the manipulation of amphibian cutaneous microbiota. Sm was genetically altered to have a dysfunctional pathway for the production of the extracellular metabolite prodigiosin. This genetically altered strain (Δpig) and the functional prodigiosin producing strain (wild-type, WT) were compared for their microbial community and anti-Bd effects both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, Bd growth was significantly repressed in the presence of prodigiosin. In vivo, the inoculation of both Sm strains was shown to significantly influence amphibian microbiota diversity with the Δpig-Sm treatment showing increasing alpha diversity, and the WT-Sm having no temporal effect on diversity. Differences were also seen in host mortality with Δpig-Sm treatments exhibiting significantly decreased survival probability when compared with WT-Sm in the presence of Bd. These results are an important proof-of-concept for linking the use of genetically modified probiotic bacteria to host microbial community structure and disease outcomes, which in the future may provide a way to ameliorate disease and address critical frontiers in disease and microbial ecology.","PeriodicalId":20609,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81049813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}