Processes最新文献

{"title":"Porous Carbon-Modified Silk-Derived Carbon Mesh for High-Performance Transparent All-Solid Supercapacitors","authors":"Delong Ma, Xinyu Niu, Yang Chen, Enpeng Hou, Ruili Zhang","doi":"10.3390/pr13103056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103056","url":null,"abstract":"The practical application of transparent supercapacitors (TSCs) is limited by the inherent trade-off between transparency and conductivity, as well as the environmental and economic drawbacks of electrode materials. This study presents a novel and scalable method for fabricating porous carbon-modified silk-derived carbon fiber meshes as electrode materials for transparent supercapacitors. The process involves the in situ growth of a cobalt organic complex on a silk mesh, followed by carbonization to produce a flexible, transparent carbon fiber mesh with a hierarchical porous structure (specific surface area: 570 m2/g). The resulting material exhibits good mechanical properties and electrical conductivity due to the nanographene-like structure formed during the cobalt-catalyzed carbonization process. This TSC achieves an optical transparency of up to 65% and an aerial capacitance of 9.65 mF/cm2 at a scan rate of 0.01 V/s, surpassing many existing transparent electrodes. Additionally, the device demonstrates outstanding electrochemical stability, retaining 89% of its initial capacitance after 2000 cycles at a scan rate of 0.5 V/s, showcasing superior durability. This study presents a pioneering method for developing TSCs by utilizing sustainable silk-derived carbon materials and a cost-effective fabrication process.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"13 10","pages":"3056-3056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/13/10/3056/pdf?version=1758769578","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147908376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of Spinel-Type H4Ti5O12 Ion Sieve for Lithium Recovery from Aqueous Resources: Adsorption Performance and Mechanism","authors":"W. F. Mader, Hong Huang, Guang-jin Zhu, Xueqing Wang, Qiaoping Kong, Xueqing Shi","doi":"10.3390/pr13092981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13092981","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium (Li) ion sieve is considered to have great potential in the selective extraction of Li+ from complex Li+-containing brine owing to its cost-effectiveness, excellent adsorption performance, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, the defects of complex regulation and control of technological parameters in the preparation process of Li ion sieve and poor recycling efficiency limit its application. In this study, spinel-type H4Ti5O12 ion sieves (HTO) were successfully prepared through a high-temperature solid-state method for recovering Li+ from aqueous resources. Through the experiment of optimizing the key preparation process parameters of HTO, it was found that the optimum preparation conditions were as follows: lithium ion source of CH3COOLi‧H2O, calcination temperature of 800 °C, and acid (HCl) washing concentration of 0.3 mol/L. The uptake of Li+ by HTO aligned with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which was a chemical adsorption process controlled by reversible Li–H ion exchange reaction. HTO exhibited extremely high regeneration cycle characteristics, and after five cycles, it retained 96.06% of its initial adsorption capacity. The present work highlighted that spinel-type HTO has high industrial application potential in the field of Li+ recovery from oilfield brine.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"13 9","pages":"2981-2981"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/13/9/2981/pdf?version=1758205055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147893409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Non-Ionic Surfactant Tween 80 on Enzymatic Saccharification of Avicel and Steam-Exploded Poplar at High Solid Loading","authors":"Peng Zhan, Yuxin Tan, Hui Wang, Jin Liu, Lishu Shao, Zhiping Wu","doi":"10.3390/pr13092960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13092960","url":null,"abstract":"Surfactants demonstrate considerable potential in enzymatic saccharification at high solids loading (ESHSL). In this paper, the effects of the non-ionic surfactant Tween 80 on enzymatic saccharification of Avicel and steam-exploded poplar (SEP) at high solid loading were studied. The results showed that under the fed-batch conditions of 15.0% solid loading, 20 FPU/g glucan, and 1.0% Tween 80, the maximum enzymatic saccharification rate of Avicel and SEP achieved was 65.4% (128.2 g/L glucose) and 86.4% (93.9 g/L glucose), respectively. Moreover, Tween 80 improved the rheological properties of ESHSL slurry of SEP, especially for the fed-batch model, reducing the complex viscosity, shear stress, and storage modulus. Furthermore, cellulase adsorption assays, SDS-PAGE, Rose Bengal staining, and Zeta potential analysis demonstrated that Tween 80 reduced non-productive adsorption of cellulase (particularly β-glucosidase) on lignin through hydrophobic interactions. All these findings contribute to establishing a foundation for subsequent investigative efforts within the discipline.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"13 9","pages":"2960-2960"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/13/9/2960/pdf?version=1758107257","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Treatment Technologies and Resource Utilization of Mine Tailings in Hunan Province, China","authors":"Xiaoling Jia, Zhan Yan, Xiang Tian","doi":"10.3390/pr13092957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13092957","url":null,"abstract":"This review presents a comprehensive summary of the recent advancements in treatment technologies and resource utilization strategies for mine tailings, and highlights the funding support provided by Hunan Province, China for scientific and technological innovation in the field. The work begins by examining the environmental risks associated with mine tailings, emphasizing their potential to cause ecological damage and result in significant resource waste. Building on this context, the review delves into the physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of tailings, elucidating how these intrinsic properties underpin their potential for recycling and valorization. Subsequently, it explores a range of resource utilization approaches, including the recovery of valuable metals, land reclamation, backfilling of abandoned mining voids, and the production of construction materials. The current state of application and the key technical and regulatory challenges faced during implementation are critically analyzed. In conclusion, the review highlights the progress made in tailings management and valorization in Hunan Province, China, and proposes a forward-looking strategy that integrates technological innovation with policy and regulatory support to promote sustainable development in the region.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"13 9","pages":"2957-2957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/13/9/2957/pdf?version=1758099860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147906369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Efficient Production of Diacylglycerols via Enzymatic Glycerolysis Catalyzed by Immobilized MAS1-H108W Lipase","authors":"Ling Zhou, Siqin Yu, Qingqing Xiao, Jun Cai, Zexin Zhao","doi":"10.3390/pr13092937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13092937","url":null,"abstract":"Developing highly efficient and cost-effective immobilized biocatalysts is essential for optimizing diacylglycerol (DAG) production via biotransformation of natural oil. To address this, the 1,3-regiospecific MAS1-H108W lipase, derived from marine Streptomyces sp. strain W007, was produced through high-density fermentation (20 °C, pH 7.0, 132 h). This lipase was immobilized by XAD1180 resin adsorption, yielding an immobilized MAS1-H108W lipase with a lipase activity of 4943.5 U/g and a protein loading of 201.5 mg/g under selected conditions (lipase/support ratio 100 mg/g, initial buffer pH of 8.0). After immobilization, the lipase maintained its optimal temperature at 70 °C and shifted its optimal pH from 7.0 to 8.0, along with enhanced thermostability. The immobilized MAS1-H108W lipase demonstrated superior efficiency in DAG synthesis compared to non-regiospecific immobilized MAS1 lipase and commercial lipases (Novozym 435 and Lipozyme RM IM). Under the optimized reaction conditions (reaction temperature 60 °C, olive oil/glycerol molar ratio 1:2, adding amount of immobilized MAS1-H108W lipase 1.0 wt.%), a maximum DAG content of 49.3% was achieved within 4 h. The immobilized lipase also exhibited excellent operational stability, retaining 81.9% of its initial production capacity after 10 reuse cycles. Furthermore, in the glycerolysis of various vegetable oils (corn oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, and soybean oil), the DAG content catalyzed by immobilized MAS1-H108W lipase consistently exceeded 48%. This work provides a highly efficient and economical immobilized biocatalyst for DAG production, and highlights the significant potential of regioselective lipases in promoting efficient DAG synthesis via glycerolysis.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"13 9","pages":"2937-2937"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/13/9/2937/pdf?version=1757924313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the Application of Graphene Oxide-Reinforced SiO2 Corrosion-Resistant Coatings in the Long-Term Protection of Water Treatment Facilities","authors":"Youhua Zhang, Zewen Zhu, Hua Zou, Li Dai, Huiting Liu, Yao Rong, X.T. Chang, Chundi Zheng, Wei Han","doi":"10.3390/pr13092938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13092938","url":null,"abstract":"The reaction tank of process wastewater, as one of the key pieces of equipment for wastewater treatment, is exposed to an acidic and alkaline wastewater immersion environment for a long time and is prone to the influence of complex ions in water, resulting in concrete shedding and steel bar corrosion, which seriously affect service performance. To address the issue of ionic erosion in process wastewater reaction tanks, a silicon–oxygen grid substrate was constructed with ethyl orthosilicate, and graphene oxide was used as the corrosion-resistant functional component to prepare GO/SiO2 corrosion-resistant films under acid-catalyzed conditions. Extreme corrosion environments were designed to evaluate the corrosion resistance of GO/SiO2 films. The results showed that the permeability of the uncoated samples decreased significantly, and the ion concentration leached in the corrosive medium was higher. The permeability of the GO/SiO2-coated samples did not decrease significantly, and the ion leaching concentration in the corrosive medium gradually decreased with the increase in GO content, verifying the positive correlation between GO content and corrosion resistance and GO’s use in the field of corrosion resistance in water treatment facilities.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"13 9","pages":"2938-2938"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/13/9/2938/pdf?version=1757932084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Exogenous N-Acylated-L-Homoserine Lactones on the Remediation of Chromium-Contaminated Soil by Shewanella purefaciens","authors":"Xusheng Zheng, Chaogu Zheng, Shufang Zhou, Dexun Zou","doi":"10.3390/pr13092931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13092931","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial remediation of chromium-contaminated soil through extracellular electron transfer is an economical and environmentally friendly strategy. Exogenous quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecules could facilitate the process of electron transport. However, it remains unclear whether regulating QS could enhance the microbial remediation effect. In this study, exogenous N-acylated-L-homoserine lactones (AHLs) were added for the remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil by S. putrefaciens. Various AHLs such as C8-HSL, C10-HSL, 3OC8-HSL, 3OC10-HSL and 3OC12-HSL were detected in the remediation, with the concentrations of 5.91 ng/L, 1.09 ng/L, 4.10 ng/L, 2.29 ng/L and 24.51 ng/L. The addition of C10-HSL and 3OC12-HSL significantly promoted the Cr(VI) reduction rates by 11.25% and 9.20%. There were also various AHLs in the Cr(VI) reduction by indigenous microorganisms. The AHLs species measured and their concentrations were C8-HSL (5.05 ng/L), C10-HSL (3.27 ng/L), C12-HSL (0.11 ng/L), 3OC8-HSL (0.11 ng/L), 3OC10-HSL (0.05 ng/L), and 3OC12-HSL (2.92 ng/L). Relative to the untreated control, supplementation with C8-HSL, C12-HSL, and 3OC12-HSL produced significant enhancements in the Cr(VI) reduction rates by 4.10%, 3.05%, and 2.24%, respectively (p < 0.05). Comparing the effects of AHL on the remediation by S. putrefaciens and indigenous microorganisms, it could be found that C10-HSL enhanced the remediation effect by increasing the reduction rates of S. putrefaciens, and 3OC12-HSL enhanced the remediation effect by increasing the reduction rates of indigenous microorganisms. This study introduces a distinctive pathway for the promotion of the microbial remediation effect and contributes to further understanding the communication mechanism between exogenous and indigenous microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"13 9","pages":"2931-2931"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/13/9/2931/pdf?version=1757764121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of Cu and Pb in Contaminated Loess by Electrokinetic Remediation Using Novel Hydrogel Electrodes Coupled with Focusing Position Adjustment and Exchange Electrode","authors":"C. L. Liu, Wenle Hu, Xiang Zhu, Shixu Zhang, W.G. Wang","doi":"10.3390/pr13092915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13092915","url":null,"abstract":"Electrokinetic (EK) remediation is a promising approach for the removal of heavy metals from fine-grained soils; however, its efficiency is often hindered by electrode polarization, pH imbalance, and ion accumulation. In this study, we developed a novel hydrogel-based electrode (NH electrode), composed of sodium alginate and multilayer graphene oxide (GO), to enhance the electrokinetic removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+ from loess. The electrode was systematically characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), confirming its structural integrity, electrochemical activity, and interfacial conductivity. The NH electrode exhibited a smooth layered graphene structure with abundant oxygen-containing functional groups (AFM), negligible electrochemical polarization (CV), and low internal resistance with high conductivity (EIS), enabling efficient ion transport and adsorption. Electrokinetic tests revealed that the NH electrode outperformed conventional graphene (Gr) and electrokinetic graphite (EKG) electrodes. Single regulation strategies, including focusing position adjustment and electrode exchange, improved local removal efficiency by mitigating ion accumulation in targeted regions. The combined regulation strategy, integrating both measures, achieved the most uniform Cu2+ and Pb2+ removal, significantly suppressing hydroxide precipitation in cathodic zones and enhancing ion migration in the mid-section. Compared with literature-reported systems under similar or even more favorable conditions, the NH electrode and combined regulation approach achieved superior performance, with Cu2+ and Pb2+ removal efficiencies reaching 47.25% and 16.93%, respectively. These findings demonstrate that coupling electrode material innovation with spatial–temporal pH/flow field regulation can overcome key bottlenecks in EK remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated loess.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"13 9","pages":"2915-2915"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/13/9/2915/pdf?version=1757922073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Double Crosslinked Nano Microspheres and Study on CO2 Drive Blocking Mechanism","authors":"Ping Guo, Yong Li, Yanbao Liu, Yunlong Zou","doi":"10.3390/pr13092903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13092903","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a new type of double crosslinked nanospheres (DCNPM-A) was developed to solve the problem of gas channeling caused by fracture development in the process of CO2 oil displacement, and the microsphere system with delayed swelling was successfully synthesized by inverse micro lotion polymerization. The microsphere adopts a dual crosslinking structure of stable crosslinking agent (MBA) and unstable crosslinking agent (UCA), achieving intelligent sealing function of shallow low expansion and deep high temperature triggered secondary expansion. The successful preparation of microspheres was verified by characterization methods such as Zeta potential and SEM, and the effects of reaction temperature, time, initiator and crosslinking agent dosage on microsphere properties were systematically studied. The experimental results show that DCNPM-A microspheres exhibit excellent expansion performance, thermal stability, and acid resistance in acidic, high-temperature, and high mineralization environments. Their expansion ratio can reach 13.5 times, and they can maintain stability for more than 60 days in supercritical CO2 environments. Core displacement experiments have confirmed that the microspheres have the best sealing performance in matrices with a permeability of 10 × 10−3 μm2 and fractures with a width of 0.03 mm. The combination of 0.8 PV injection volume, 0.5 mL·min−1 injection rate, and continuous injection method significantly improved the plugging rate and recovery rate of CO2 flooding. This study provides new technical support for the efficient development of low-permeability fractured reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"13 9","pages":"2903-2903"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/13/9/2903/pdf?version=1757601600","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147895018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Synergistic Enhancement of Crude Oil Recovery by Bacillus Co-Culture Systems","authors":"Min Wang, Chunjing Yu, Xiaoyu Zhao, Junhao Liu, Haochen Zhai, Qi Meng, Xiumei Zhang, Yinsong Liu","doi":"10.3390/pr13092854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13092854","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial-enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is a promising technology for oilfield development. To improve MEOR efficiency, two functional strains—Bacillus mucilaginosus ZZ-8 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ZZ-11—were isolated and purified. The growth characteristics, biosurfactant production, and crude oil emulsification performance of these strains were systematically evaluated through single-strain cultures and a co-culture system (ZZ-8: ZZ-11 = 1:1). The results demonstrated that the co-culture system exhibited superior growth and functional performance compared to monocultures. The cell-free supernatant significantly reduced oil–water interfacial tension, decreasing the contact angle from 53.56 ± 1.3° to 28.78 ± 0.82°, thereby enhancing crude oil detachment from rock surfaces and improving oil displacement efficiency. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis further confirmed the co-culture system’s pronounced degradation of long-chain alkanes (C17–C35). In oil sand washing experiments, the 1:1 mixed-strain fermentation broth achieved a crude oil elution rate of 84.39%, representing an 89.80% increase over uninoculated medium. This study not only validates the synergistic effect of the B. mucilaginosus–B. amyloliquefaciens co-culture system in enhancing oil recovery but also provides a theoretical foundation and innovative strategy for its practical application in MEOR technology.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"13 9","pages":"2854-2854"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/13/9/2854/pdf?version=1757078106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147913129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}