Processes最新文献_第5页

An Improved Lightweight YOLOv8 Network for Early Small Flame Target Detection 用于早期小型火焰目标探测的改进型轻量级 YOLOv8 网络

IF 3.5 4区工程技术

Processes Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/pr12091978

Hubin Du, Qiuyu Li, Ziqian Guan, Hengyuan Zhang, Yongtao Liu

{"title":"An Improved Lightweight YOLOv8 Network for Early Small Flame Target Detection","authors":"Hubin Du, Qiuyu Li, Ziqian Guan, Hengyuan Zhang, Yongtao Liu","doi":"10.3390/pr12091978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091978","url":null,"abstract":"The efficacy of early fire detection hinges on its swift response and precision, which allows for the issuance of timely alerts in the nascent stages of a fire, thereby minimizing losses and injuries. To enhance the precision and swiftness of identifying minute early flame targets, as well as the ease of deployment at the edge end, an optimized early flame target detection algorithm for YOLOv8 is proposed. The original feature fusion module, an FPN (feature pyramid network) of YOLOv8n, has been enhanced to become the BiFPN (bidirectional feature pyramid network) module. This modification enables the network to more efficiently and rapidly perform multi-scale fusion, thereby enhancing its capacity for integrating features across different scales. Secondly, the efficient multi-scale attention (EMA) mechanism is introduced to ensure the effective retention of information on each channel and reduce the computational overhead, thereby improving the model’s detection accuracy while reducing the number of model parameters. Subsequently, the NWD (normalized Wasserstein distance) loss function is employed as the bounding box loss function, which enhances the model’s regression performance and robustness. The experimental results demonstrate that the size of the enhanced model is 4.8 M, a reduction of 22.5% compared to the original YOLOv8n. Additionally, the mAP0.5 metric exhibits a 2.7% improvement over the original YOLOv8n, indicating a more robust detection capability and a more compact model size. This makes it an ideal candidate for deployment in edge devices.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Active Disturbance Rejection Control for a Vehicle Active Stabiliser Bar with an Improved Chicken Flock Optimisation Algorithm 用改进的鸡群优化算法加强车辆主动稳定杆的主动干扰抑制控制

IF 3.5 4区工程技术

Processes Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/pr12091979

Zhenglin Tang, Qiang Zhao, Duc Truong Pham, Xuesong Zhang

{"title":"Enhancing Active Disturbance Rejection Control for a Vehicle Active Stabiliser Bar with an Improved Chicken Flock Optimisation Algorithm","authors":"Zhenglin Tang, Qiang Zhao, Duc Truong Pham, Xuesong Zhang","doi":"10.3390/pr12091979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091979","url":null,"abstract":"An active stabiliser bar significantly enhances the anti-roll capabilities of vehicles. The control strategy is a crucial factor in enabling the active stabiliser bar to function effectively. This paper investigates an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) strategy. Given the numerous parameters of the ADRC and their significant mutual influence, optimising these parameters is challenging. To address this, an improved chicken flock optimisation algorithm is proposed to optimise the ADRC parameters and enhance its performance. First, a three-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of the vehicle is established, and an active disturbance rejection control-based optimisation model utilising a chicken flock optimisation algorithm is constructed. To tackle the issues of getting stuck in local optima and low precision when dealing with complex problems in the traditional chicken flock optimisation (CFO) algorithm, several strategies, including improved Lévy flight, have been adopted. Subsequently, the twelve parameters of the ADRC are optimised using the improved chicken flock optimisation algorithm. Comprehensive testing on multiple benchmark functions demonstrates that the improved chicken flock optimisation (ICFO) algorithm is distinctly superior to other advanced algorithms in terms of solution quality and robustness. Simulation results show that the ICFO-ADRC controller is significantly superior. In four different complex road condition tests, the ICFO-ADRC controller shows an average performance improvement of 8% compared to the fuzzy PI-PD controller, an average improvement of 82% compared to the non-optimised ADRC controller, and an average improvement of 18% compared to the CFO-ADRC controller. Our findings confirm that this paper was able to provide new solutions for vehicle stability control whilst opening up new possibilities for the application of metaheuristic algorithms.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring Alloy Composition Dynamics: Thermodynamic Analysis of Fe-Al-Si-Cr System in Homogeneous Liquid State 探索合金成分动力学：均相液态铁-铝-硅-铬体系的热力学分析

IF 3.5 4区工程技术

Processes Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.3390/pr12091947

Yerbol Shabanov, Yerlan Zhumagaliyev, Nurzhan Nurgali, Murat Dossekenov, Karlyga Almuratova, Raigul Orynbassar, Tursyngul Kainenova, Botagoz Bakirova, Fatima Kanapiyeva, Elvira Zhunussova

引用次数: 0

Enhanced Bearing Fault Diagnosis in NC Machine Tools Using Dual-Stream CNN with Vibration Signal Analysis 利用双流 CNN 和振动信号分析增强数控机床轴承故障诊断能力

IF 3.5 4区工程技术

Processes Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.3390/pr12091951

Zhen Ni, Yifei Tong, Yixuan Song, Ruikang Wang

{"title":"Enhanced Bearing Fault Diagnosis in NC Machine Tools Using Dual-Stream CNN with Vibration Signal Analysis","authors":"Zhen Ni, Yifei Tong, Yixuan Song, Ruikang Wang","doi":"10.3390/pr12091951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091951","url":null,"abstract":"Numerically controlled (NC) machine tools, as vital production equipment in manufacturing, have been widely applied across various sectors and have become a core competitive advantage for enterprises in the global market. Therefore, ensuring the normal and efficient operation of NC machine tool groups and promptly diagnosing faults have become critical concerns for many enterprises and scholars today. This paper focuses on bearing fault diagnosis, utilizing the vibration signals from the Case Western Reserve University Bearing Data Center as the input dataset. This study constructed a dual-stream convolutional neural network (CNN) fault diagnosis model, where the first stream processes one-dimensional vibration signal spectra and the second stream handles two-dimensional time-frequency maps derived from the same signals. The model uniquely integrates convolutional attention mechanisms to enhance feature extraction along with dropout algorithms and batch normalization to prevent overfitting and improve training stability. The proposed approach enables a comprehensive learning of both temporal and spatial features, effectively identifying bearing faults with high accuracy. The model’s performance was validated against this widely recognized dataset, demonstrating superior accuracy compared to traditional methods.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on Erosion Damage Laws and Structural Optimization of Bypass Valve for Positive Displacement Motors 正排量发动机旁通阀的腐蚀损伤规律与结构优化研究

IF 3.5 4区工程技术

Processes Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.3390/pr12091953

Yanbo Zhang, Lei Zhang, Yulin Gao, Ping Shi, Yu Wang, Lingrong Kong

{"title":"Research on Erosion Damage Laws and Structural Optimization of Bypass Valve for Positive Displacement Motors","authors":"Yanbo Zhang, Lei Zhang, Yulin Gao, Ping Shi, Yu Wang, Lingrong Kong","doi":"10.3390/pr12091953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091953","url":null,"abstract":"The bypass valve of a positive displacement motor is a key component for regulating the bottom hole pressure and ensuring the normal circulation of drilling fluid during the drilling process. Severe erosion damage to the bypass valve significantly affects the service life of the positive displacement motor, yet there is currently a lack of related research. In this research, the flow characteristics of drilling fluid inside the valve core were analyzed through flow field simulation, and the main factors influencing erosion damage to the valve core were investigated. The results indicate that the side holes and flow channel structure of the valve core are the main causes of erosion. Based on this, two optimization schemes are proposed, namely, reducing the number of bypass side holes to 4 and optimizing the flow channel cone angle to 45°. The simulation results show that the erosion rate of the optimized valve core is significantly reduced, and the service life is effectively improved. Finally, a valve core life prediction model is established using a back propagation (BP) neural network to evaluate the optimization effect. The results show that the applicable flow range and maximum service life of the optimized valve core are increased by approximately 60% and 75.4%, respectively, validating the effectiveness of the optimization scheme.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"185 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fracture Properties of Nitrogen–Slick Water Composite Fracturing in Coal Reservoir 煤储层氮滑水复合压裂的裂缝特性

IF 3.5 4区工程技术

Processes Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.3390/pr12091949

Menglong Wang, Lin Tian, Jinghao Wu, Yunxing Cao, Li Wang, Bin Shi, Mingyue Sun, Shimin Liu, Yunbing Hu

{"title":"Fracture Properties of Nitrogen–Slick Water Composite Fracturing in Coal Reservoir","authors":"Menglong Wang, Lin Tian, Jinghao Wu, Yunxing Cao, Li Wang, Bin Shi, Mingyue Sun, Shimin Liu, Yunbing Hu","doi":"10.3390/pr12091949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091949","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen–slick water composite fracturing is a novel, recently developed fracturing technology. Due to its impact on increasing permeability, this technology outperforms hydraulic fracturing. This study adopted the horizontal well XJ-1L, Xinjing coal mine, Qinshui Basin, China, as a study area to statistically analyze the fracture properties, stress drop, and b-value distribution characteristics of 1217 effective micro-seismic events generated during nitrogen–water composite fracturing. The results show that: (1) gradually reducing the proportion of gas in fracturing fluid reduced the proportion of tensile fractures at a ratio of between 15.6% and 0.8%, whereas the proportion of strike-slip fractures gradually increased by between 1.6% and 15.2%; (2) the stress drop and b-values in the nitrogen fracturing (NF) stage, representative of stress disturbance, exceeded those in the hydraulic fracturing (HF) stage, consistent with greater numbers of tensile fractures formed in the NF stage; (3) the greater number of tensile fractures and their increasing permeability could be explained based on the influences of gas compressibility and pore pressure on coal fractures. This study provides a theoretical and practical basis for optimizing the exploitation of low-permeability coal reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis and Simulation of Adsorption Efficiency of Herbicides Diuron and Linuron on Activated Carbon from Spent Coffee Beans 废咖啡豆活性炭对除草剂迪古隆和利谷隆吸附效率的分析与模拟

IF 3.5 4区工程技术

Processes Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.3390/pr12091952

Luiz Eduardo Zani de Moraes, Felipe Augusto Olivo Marcoti, Marco Antônio Naves Lucio, Bianca Caroline da Silva Rocha, Lucas Bonfim Rocha, Adriano Lopes Romero, Evandro Bona, Ana Paula Peron, Osvaldo Valarini Junior

{"title":"Analysis and Simulation of Adsorption Efficiency of Herbicides Diuron and Linuron on Activated Carbon from Spent Coffee Beans","authors":"Luiz Eduardo Zani de Moraes, Felipe Augusto Olivo Marcoti, Marco Antônio Naves Lucio, Bianca Caroline da Silva Rocha, Lucas Bonfim Rocha, Adriano Lopes Romero, Evandro Bona, Ana Paula Peron, Osvaldo Valarini Junior","doi":"10.3390/pr12091952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091952","url":null,"abstract":"Phenyl urea herbicides such as diuron and linuron are commonly used in agriculture to eliminate weeds. Their uncontrolled use can cause environmental problems. In this study, the adsorption of these herbicides was evaluated using activated carbon from coffee grounds, activated with zinc chloride (AC-ZnCl2, 100% purity), nitric acid (AC-HNO3, 65% purity), and commercially activated (AC-C) carbon for comparison purposes. The spent coffee grounds were transformed into activated carbon through the calcination process. The highest removal efficiency for diuron 40 mg∙L−1 and linuron 31 mg∙L−1 was obtained using the ZnCl2-activated adsorbent, being 100% and 45%, respectively. The best pH range was between 4 and 6. Adsorption kinetic studies showed that pseudo-first and second-order models fit the experimental data, with the adsorption rate increasing rapidly within 60 min for the concentrations tested. Adsorption isotherms indicated that the Langmuir model provided the best fit for diuron, while the Freundlich model was more appropriate for linuron. The efficiency of the adsorption process using activated carbon (AC) was confirmed by the toxicity analysis of diuron and linuron solutions before and after adsorption with AC.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142188117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling Drying Process Parameters for Petroleum Drilling Sludge with ANN and ANFIS 利用 ANN 和 ANFIS 建立石油钻井污泥干燥工艺参数模型

IF 3.5 4区工程技术

Processes Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.3390/pr12091948

Aytaç Moralar

引用次数: 0

Phase Equilibria Study of the MgO–CaO–SiO2 Slag System with Ferronickel Alloy, Solid Carbon, and Al2O3 Additions 添加铁镍合金、固态碳和 Al2O3 的 MgO-CaO-SiO2 熔渣体系的相平衡研究

IF 3.5 4区工程技术

Processes Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.3390/pr12091946

Nandhya K. P. Prikusuma, Muhammad G. Algifari, Rafiandy A. Harahap, Zulfiadi Zulhan, Taufiq Hidayat

{"title":"Phase Equilibria Study of the MgO–CaO–SiO2 Slag System with Ferronickel Alloy, Solid Carbon, and Al2O3 Additions","authors":"Nandhya K. P. Prikusuma, Muhammad G. Algifari, Rafiandy A. Harahap, Zulfiadi Zulhan, Taufiq Hidayat","doi":"10.3390/pr12091946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091946","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of the phase equilibria in the MgO–CaO–SiO2–Al2O3 slag system is crucial for the nickel laterite smelting process. The phase equilibria of this slag system were experimentally investigated, focusing on the olivine and tridymite/cristobalite primary phase fields, using high-temperature equilibration and quenching methods, followed by Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis. The phase equilibria of the MgO–CaO–SiO2 slag system at 1400 °C and 1500 °C were first determined in the absence of ferronickel alloy. The phase equilibria between 1400 °C, 1450 °C, and 1500 °C were then determined under a reducing condition, i.e., at equilibrium with ferronickel alloy and solid carbon. Finally, the effect of Al2O3 addition on the liquidus and solidus compositions in the slag system under the reducing condition was investigated at 1400 °C and 1450 °C. Comparisons between the experimentally constructed diagram, previous data, and FactSage-predicted phase diagrams have been provided and discussed. The present study identified the liquid slag both in the absence and presence of ferronickel alloy and solid carbon, as well as in the presence of Al2O3 impurity, within the formation boundaries of olivine and tridymite/cristobalite solids. Identifying the liquid slag area is essential to ensure that the nickel laterite smelting slag can be tapped from the furnace.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Model-Free Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Scheme Based on DESO and Its Automation Application 基于 DESO 的无模型自适应滑模控制方案及其自动化应用

IF 3.5 4区工程技术

Processes Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.3390/pr12091950

Xiaohua Wei, Zhen Sui, Hanzhou Peng, Feng Xu, Jianliang Xu, Yulong Wang

{"title":"Model-Free Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Scheme Based on DESO and Its Automation Application","authors":"Xiaohua Wei, Zhen Sui, Hanzhou Peng, Feng Xu, Jianliang Xu, Yulong Wang","doi":"10.3390/pr12091950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091950","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with disturbances that are challenging to model by proposing a novel model-free adaptive sliding mode control (MFASMC) scheme based on a discrete-time extended state observer (DESO). Initially, leveraging the pseudo partial derivative (PPD) concept in the model-free adaptive control (MFAC) framework, the discrete-time nonlinear model is converted into a full-form dynamic linearization (FFDL) model. Secondly, using the FFDL data model, a discrete sliding mode controller is designed. A discrete integral sliding mode surface is chosen to mitigate chattering during the reaching phase, and a hyperbolic tangent function with minimal slope variation is selected for smoother switching control. Furthermore, a DESO is designed to estimate uncertainties in the discrete system, enabling real-time compensation for the controller. Finally, a genetic optimization algorithm is employed for parameter tuning to minimize the time cost associated with selecting control parameters. The design process of this scheme relies solely on the data of the controlled system, without depending on a mathematical model. The proposed DESO-MFASMC scheme is tested through simulations using a typical numerical equation and the existing EFG-BC/320 electric heavy-duty forklift from the Quzhou Special Equipment Inspection Center. Simulation results show that the proposed method is significantly superior to the traditional MFAC and PID control methods in tracking accuracy and robustness when dealing with nonlinear disturbance of the system. The DESO-MFASMC scheme proposed in this paper not only shows its advantages in theory but also verifies its effectiveness and practicability in engineering through practical application.","PeriodicalId":20597,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0