Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies最新文献

{"title":"Science, Technology, Enterprise and Society","authors":"C. Smit","doi":"10.1177/2393957520967801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2393957520967801","url":null,"abstract":"One of the greatest challenges for civil societies, politicians and organisations around the globe in the twenty-first century is the digitisation and automatisation of work processes. Through means of machine learning, new mechanical product developments, and a further development of digital work organisation, fundamental aspects of the working reality are changing. The arguments of this essay show that some scholars predict a massive replacement of manufacturing jobs by machines. Others show that people fear to arrive at a feeling of overextension through constant availability or new developments in how firms are organised. All of these aspects can have drastic implications on a macroeconomic level and for the mental health and general well-being of workers. Henceforth, it is utterly important to analyse the implications of digitisation thoroughly and not prematurely arrive at an overly positive perception of such changes in the work environment.","PeriodicalId":205721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130197075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Aversion, Entrepreneurial Attitudes, Intention and Entry Among Young People in Uganda and Germany: A Gendered Analysis","authors":"M. Baluku, Florence Nansubuga, Kathleen Otto, L. Horn","doi":"10.1177/2393957520960567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2393957520960567","url":null,"abstract":"Extant research has consistently indicated that personality and cultural variables are important predictors of entrepreneurial behaviour and outcomes. Using a longitudinal approach, the article examines the effects of risk aversion on general entrepreneurial attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions and entry into self-employment, as well as how these effects differ according to gender and country contexts. Study 1 (T1) assessed risk aversion, entrepreneurial attitude and intentions among 573 students in the final year of their studies (284 at a German university and 289 at a Ugandan university). Study 2 (T2) established participants’ employment status 6–24 months after graduation. We were able to match 104 valid responses. Our results revealed negative effects of risk aversion on both general entrepreneurial attitude and intention. A moderated mediation effects model suggesting that risk aversion predicts entrepreneurial intention through general entrepreneurial attitude shaped by gender and country was confirmed. Moreover, risk aversion and entrepreneurial intentions had substantial effects on the likelihood of being self-employed while country differences were also observed.","PeriodicalId":205721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128668846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citizen Entrepreneurship: A Conceptual Picture of the Inclusion, Integration and Engagement of Citizens in the Entrepreneurial Process","authors":"Jay Mitra, Mariusz E. Sokołowicz, U. Weisenfeld, A. Kurczewska, S. Tegtmeier","doi":"10.1177/2393957520936884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2393957520936884","url":null,"abstract":"This conceptual and exploratory article aims to present a rationale for the engagement of citizens with the process and practice of, and research on new civic forms of entrepreneurship. We argue that this form of citizen engagement could enable a better alignment of entrepreneurial initiatives with economic, social and community priorities, and to address issues of global significance of local interest in uncertain environments. To this end, we posit that engaging citizens in the entrepreneurial process could facilitate agency at the collective level of people with their rights, duties and responsibilities, to identify, participate in and govern with existing institutions, in meaningful economic and social activity in defined spatial environments. Our normative understanding of entrepreneurial process involves the creation of business, social and public enterprises, the formation of which is led by entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs are of course citizens of specific nation states, but their endeavours do not necessarily warrant the participation of the wider community of citizens in the entrepreneurial process beyond their receiving function as users of goods and services. We consider whether pro-active engagement in a variety of ways, as nurtured in the practice of Citizen Science or Citizen Economics projects, could strengthen the profile and substance of entrepreneurship to resolve critical economic, social and environmental concerns of our times. We use the concept of the ‘commons’ and collective efficacy to argue for an understanding of entrepreneurship and innovation as a social good. We argue that Citizen Entrepreneurship (CE) is able to create new forms of collective organisation and governance, and derive economic and social value by addressing local issues arising from wide-spread phenomena such as climate change, ecological and environmental challenges, inequality, social polarisation, populism, migration and the gradual erosion of democratic institutions. To do so, citizens need to develop capabilities for engagement in the entrepreneurship process, especially when traditional public and market institutions fail to satisfy their existential needs. Indeed, active engagement could lead to the achievement of capabilities for well-being and fulfilling lives which go beyond the acquisition of skills and competencies necessary to pursue a vocation or a career. We refer to and interpret three examples of collective entrepreneurial activity in different urban environments in European countries as models of CE highlighting what we see as a growing trend in the entrepreneurial substance of the ‘urban commons’. We work towards the creation of a conceptual model with which to develop an understanding of a unique formulation of entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":205721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116658999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending Habitus to Employment Preferences: Identifying Social-actors Influencing Employment Choices Including Self-employment Among Youth in J&K (India)","authors":"Vivek Sharma, S. K. Jain","doi":"10.1177/2393957519876811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2393957519876811","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bourdieu’s theoretical concept habitus theorises that past experiences are highly likely to influence an individual’s behaviour. Using primary data collected from graduating youth of Jammu region of the State of Jammu & Kashmir (India), the article leverages the tool of ranking to explore the validity of habitus on the employment preferences (including self-employment) of youth standing at the bordering stage of education and employment. With data collected on a paired comparison scale, the study goes on to apply non-parametric tests to study the impact of social actors viz. Parents, Teachers, Friends etc. on the employment choices of respondents, and these actors have been designated as likely ‘Opinion-makers’ of employment choices. The findings seem to strongly support the theory of habitus in employment choice decisions and, in the process, reveal very explicit handles for the policy makers aiming to promote entrepreneurship in the society under study. The possibility of adjusting this tool to suit the unique nature of different societies has also been discussed.","PeriodicalId":205721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies","volume":"94 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127988143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Environmental Hostility and Entrepreneurial Orientation of Small Businesses","authors":"Oluwafemi Dele-Ijagbulu, Menisha N. Moos, C. Eresia-Eke","doi":"10.1177/2393957520931332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2393957520931332","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Declining entrepreneurship as indicated by low total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) and high business failure is unacceptable in any economy. This predicament is indicative of South Africa’s business environment as well as the entrepreneurial disposition of firms operating within it. However, the factors precipitating entrepreneurial behaviour among small firms are yet to be fully comprehended and the environment as a motivation for entrepreneurship among these firms is yet to be examined thoroughly. Furthermore, research focus on the antecedents of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is limited, even as EO has been considered as an aggregated construct repeatedly with inadequate attention directed at its independent constituents. In response to these concerns, this study investigates the relationships between environmental hostility (EH) and the individual components of EO among small businesses in South Africa. Using a quantitative methodological approach, the study conducts a survey, and analyses data obtained through random sampling. Through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), it is discovered that only four components of EO are statistically recognisable, contrary to five as widely acknowledged in literature. Positive associations were also revealed between EH and each of these dimensions to varying degrees. These findings underline the necessity for entrepreneurial action along the lines of risk-taking, proactive-innovativeness, competitive aggressiveness and autonomy among small businesses in South Africa, given the hostile environment of her small business sector.","PeriodicalId":205721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies","volume":"19 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133390865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"18th International Entrepreneurship Forum (IEF) Conference on Entrepreneurship as a Social Movement: Art, Technology, Design and Sustainable Entrepreneurial Transformation Final Report","authors":"Amitava Bhattacharya, Jay Mitra","doi":"10.1177/2393957520936847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2393957520936847","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126884804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entrepreneurship in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE): The Role of Economic and Social Context in Shaping Entrepreneurial Intentions and Behaviours","authors":"A. Kurczewska, Mariusz E. Sokołowicz, Jay Mitra","doi":"10.1177/2393957520936819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2393957520936819","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133517087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing Entrepreneurial Competencies in Vietnam: Evidence from the Bac Ninh Province","authors":"Maria Giovanna Devetag, Giovanni Zazzerini, N. Tuan, Doan Quang Hung","doi":"10.1177/2393957520924987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2393957520924987","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents the results of a survey conducted among colleges and enterprises located in Bac Ninh, Vietnam, with the aim of identifying skills and competencies required by local enterprises versus those that colleges develop and transfer to their students. The final aim is to spot gaps and discrepancies which may help explain the students’ current low level of employability and, consequently, define lines of intervention that may help reduce the gaps. The key finding emerging from the research is the relatively low importance given by colleges to entrepreneurial competencies compared with what enterprises want.","PeriodicalId":205721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134369086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developments in Online, Social Media Marketing in China and the West: An Overview of Different Approaches","authors":"Henry O’Farrell","doi":"10.1177/2393957520923215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2393957520923215","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract How has the online world changed over the last 5–12 years in China and in the West? Over the past 5–12 years, China has seen drastic changes to all aspects of life, businesses and as this study is focused on, social media and mobile payment systems. In 2006, just 10 per cent of China’s population were online and only one-third had a mobile phone. Turning to the present day, there are approximately 663 million smartphones in use across China (Statista, 2018b): an increase that shows no signs of slowing. When speaking to and interviewing Chinese students at Liaoning University, it was evident that mobile payment systems have existed and been in use for only 3–5 years. Despite this very minimal time scale, it is amazing to consider that by the end of 2018, total Chinese mobile payments will hit $5.87 trillion (CBNEDITOR, 2018), a figure more than double the size of UK’s total GDP (at the time of writing)—it will be amazing to see, given the greatest gift of time, how the digital landscape of China will develop over the next decade—what a time to be alive!","PeriodicalId":205721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126611251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Speed and the Degree of SME Internationalisation in Bangalore: An Analysis of its Determining Factors","authors":"C. Santhosh, Bala Subrahmanya Mungila Hillemane","doi":"10.1177/2393957520913762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2393957520913762","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents an empirical inquiry on the drivers that have influenced the speed and the degree of SME internationalisation in Bangalore. The article is based on primary data gathered from 70 internationalised small and medium enterprises (SMEs) belonging to the machinery industry in Bangalore urban district. Our analysis ascertained that the size of the firm and CEOs’ foreign language proficiency are the significant determinants of the speed of SME internationalisation. CEOs’ international experience, motivation, international network and speed of entry positively influenced the degree of SME internationalisation. Thus, the present study lays emphasis on ‘entrepreneurial competence’ and ‘strategic entry’ that determine the speed and degree of internationalisation of SMEs, for appropriate policy attention for promoting SME internationalisation.","PeriodicalId":205721,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127779048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}