Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced Crystallinity of MIL-53 (Fe) and Improved Pb2+ Ion Removal by MIL-53(Fe) in the Presence of TiO2","authors":"Perera H.A.I.R., Warnapura A.G.S.M.","doi":"10.31357/fesympo.v27.6604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v27.6604","url":null,"abstract":"Water pollution due to improper disposal of various contaminants is one of the most serious threats faced by living beings all around the world. Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal which is commonly added to the environment by the industries such as battery manufacturing, paints etc. According to the world health organization, the maximum bearable Pb concentration of the human body is 70 μg dL- 1. However, in a contaminated water sample, this value could range from 200 to 500 mg L-1. Thus, the efficient removal of heavy metals from contaminated water is vital. Among various removal techniques available, adsorption plays a major role due to its high efficiency, low cost and ease of designing. MOFs are a class of crystalline porous adsorbent material that consists of a metal ion/cluster and an organic linker. Owing to their tailoring ability, high porosity, and high surface area they have been widely used in the removal of contaminants from wastewater. The main objectives of this study are to synthesize MIL-53 (Fe) MOF and MIL-53/TiO2 composite and determine the Pb (II) removal efficiency under light and dark conditions. MIL-53 (Fe) MOF was synthesized using iron (III) and 1, 4-dicarboxylic acid under solvothermal conditions. The composite was synthesized similarly in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles. The successful synthesis of MIL-53 (Fe) MOF and MOF/TiO composite was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. By the Debye−Scherrer equation, 79.06 nm and 65.46 nm of crystallite size were obtained by the MOF and the MOF/TiO22 composite. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the metal ion concentration before and after adsorption. The optimum conditions for the Pb(II) removal are as; 50 mg L-1, 25 mg L-1 initial Pb ion concentration, 10 mg, 12.5 mg of adsorbent dose (for 25 ml of 50 mg L-1 Pb (II)) and 90 min, 90 min contact time for both adsorbents at light and dark conditions respectively. The pH of the solution was kept at a neutral level to ensure the reusability of wastewater after the removal of pollutants. The adsorption isotherms of both adsorbents were well fitted with the Langmuir model indicating the monolayer adsorption. Thus, at pH 7, 396.35 mg g-1 and 786.16 mg g-1 of maximum Pb (II) adsorption capacity were obtained by the MOF and the MOF/TiO2 composite respectively. Thus, a significant improvement in the Pb (II) ion removal was observed with the composite compared to the MOF.  \u0000Keywords: Adsorption, Heavy metal, Isotherm, MIL-53 (Fe)","PeriodicalId":205644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium","volume":"27 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cinnamon Leaf Compost on Selected Soil Properties in Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) Growing Soils","authors":"Anuradha M.D., Tharanga K.H.G.M., Dissanayake M.L.M.C., Madhurangi H.M.T.T.","doi":"10.31357/fesympo.v27.7174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v27.7174","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated nutrient-management programs incorporating organic and inorganic fertilizers have been suggested to increase crop yields and reduce adverse environmental impacts in intensive agriculture. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of long-term cinnamon leaf compost (CLC) application on some selected physical, biological and chemical soil properties and the horizontal and vertical distribution of some selected soil properties in cinnamon-growing soils. The study was conducted in the National Cinnamon Research and Training Center, Palolpitiya, from January to April 2022. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six treatments (T1-Control, T2-Current recommendation (CR), T3-3/4 CR with 5 t/ha/yr CLC, T4-1/2 CR with 10 t/ha/yr CLC, T5-1/4 CR with 15 t/ha/yr CLC, T6-20 t/ha/yr CLC) and three replicates. Soil samples were collected considering three horizontal distances (15, 30 and 45 cm) and with three depths (10, 20 and 30 cm). Soil physical properties (aggregate stability, bulk density, soil moisture), chemical properties (soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, electrical conductivity (EC)), and biological properties (arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonization) were determined. Water stable aggregate (WSA), SOC, and soil pH were significantly affected by the treatments, and all the variables except EC were significantly affected by the soil depth (p<0.05). Soil pH was the only variable that was significantly affected by the horizontal distance (p<0.05). Only SOC and pH have shown a significant interaction effect among treatments and depth. The application of CLC (20 t/ha/yr) significantly increases the WSA and SOC. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi root colonization was increased with the incorporation of CLC. Continuous application of inorganic fertilizers (T2) caused soil compaction and acidification. WSA, soil pH, and SOC were significantly improved within the 0-10 cm soil depth. The best performances of WSA, pH, and EC were shown in 30-45 cm and SOC in 15–30 cm horizontal distance from the plant base and 0-10 cm soil depth with the application of 1/2 CR and 10 t/ha/yr CLC comparison to other fertilizer combinations.  \u0000Keywords: Aggregates, Mycorrhizae, pH, Soil organic carbon","PeriodicalId":205644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium","volume":"23 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mangrove Biodiversity Conservation and Aquaculture Practices in Sri Lanka: An Overview","authors":"Madumadhawa M.H.D., Manewa R.M.S.S., Palliyaguru O.G., Senaratna D.","doi":"10.31357/fesympo.v27.7194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v27.7194","url":null,"abstract":"The tropical island of Sri Lanka is endowed with a diverse and resourceful coastal area of 1,700 km coastline and 152,000 ha of highly productive 82 lagoons and 93,075ha of 45 estuary ecosystems. Around 33% of the population in coastal areas is engaged in fishing as the main income source, which contributes to around 1.10% of the national GDP. The objective of the review was to provide an overview of the present status of Sri Lankan coastal aquaculture, mangrove coverage, and conservation status. Mangroves are ecologically and economically important ecosystems providing the best nursery grounds for both blackish and marine species, covering only 0.24% of Sri Lanka‘s total land area. In addition, as the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics, mangroves provide a wide range of ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation. Currently, Sri Lankan mangroves are estimated to cover 160 km2 and are distributed mainly in Jaffna, Kalpitiya, Batticaloa, Rekawa, and Trincomalee. Including endangered species such as Sonneratia apetala, Ceriops decandra, and Lumnitzera littorea, there are 21 true mangrove species, and 24 mangrove associate species can be found. However, mangrove ecosystems in Sri Lanka are progressively under threat due to coastal aquaculture practices, especially shrimp farming and development projects. Human settlements, overexploitation, and climatic variables such as coastal flooding, drought, rainfall, salinity changes, increased sea level, and sea surface temperature have significantly influenced coastal aquaculture and substantially damage the mangroves resulting in loss of mangrove biodiversity. Between 1980 and 2005, approximately 25% of mangrove habitats are estimated to have been destroyed. Recently, 1,000-1,200 hectares of mangroves have been established in 23 wetlands in Sri Lanka becoming leader of the mangrove conservation in Commonwealth countries. In conclusion, it is imperative to apply international standards for mangrove-based aquacultural practices, mangrove rehabilitation, and technical and management interventions.  \u0000Keywords: Biodiversity, Coastal aquaculture, Coastal ecosystems, Mangroves ","PeriodicalId":205644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation: The Case of Western Province, Sri Lanka","authors":"Ranasinghe D.M.S.H.K.","doi":"10.31357/fesympo.v27.7105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v27.7105","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Sri Lanka, as an island and developing nation, is highly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. Occurrences of natural disasters due to extreme weather conditions such as prolonged droughts, flash floods and landslides deprive lives and livelihoods of people. Building resilience of vulnerable communities and ecosystems over climate change effects within a broader framework of sustainable development remains the country‘s priority. The Western Province is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. It is the most densely populated Province in the country and is home to the legislative capital Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte as well as to Colombo, the nation's administrative and business center. The Province is located in the southwest of the country and has an area of 3,684 square kilometres and 5,821,710 people. It comprises of three administrative districts; Colombo, Gampaha and Kalutara. The Western Province provides the highest contribution to the Gross Domestic Product contributing 41.2% of the Provincial Gross Domestic Product (PGDP), the highest being the service sector (56.5%) followed by Industrial sector (34.6%) and then agriculture (1.7%). With regards to the climate change impacts, the most significant ones for the Province are recurrent flooding as a result of an increase in average rainfall coupled with heavier rainfall events, increase of the minimum temperature and thus the decrease in the difference between maximum and minimum temperatures and also sea level rise as certain parts of the Province borders the coast. The key vulnerable sectors of the Province are food security which comprise of agriculture (including both crops and livestock) and inland fisheries; water resources which includes both drinking water and irrigation, coastal and marine, ecosystem and biodiversity, human settlement and infrastructure, tourism and health. In addition to these sectors there are cross cutting sectors which includes policy, legal, economic and governance, Institutional development and coordination, International cooperation and partnerships and research and development which have a significant stake to the magnitude of impact. Among the adaptation interventions the following are being implemented/proposed for implementation; Climate Smart agriculture/practice and other alternative agricultural systems, increase storage capacity of water, rational management of water distribution and use, collection of data on the endangered/to be extinct/vulnerable fauna and flora due to climate change and protect them, conduct research including citizen research to identify the changes in biodiversity due to climate change, integration of climate change impacts into new and already prepared development plans and construction of salinity barriers. Most of these interventions had been included in the implementation plans of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) by relevant agencies which is in accordance with the Paris Agreement (2015) and sub","PeriodicalId":205644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium","volume":"9 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Diet and Prey Preference of the Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) in a Human-Intervened Montane Landscape","authors":"Janashantha N.P.A.S., Perera P.K.P., Karawita H.R., Algewattha H.R.","doi":"10.31357/fesympo.v27.6558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v27.6558","url":null,"abstract":"Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) is a solitary, elusive, and predominantly nocturnal mammal highly adapted to an insectivorous diet. It has become endangered due to hunting for bush meat and scales, illegal trafficking and poaching. Rescue and captive breeding programs for Indian pangolins have limited success due to the lack of understanding of the species‘ dietary preferences and foraging ecology. The stomach contents and prey preference of Indian pangolin have been less studied owing to the difficulty of acquiring suitable specimens. Such scientific information is unavailable, especially in Sri Lanka. In this study, we analyzed the stomach content of three (03) Indian pangolin specimens collected from human-intervened montane landscapes in the Kandy District, thus allowing a deeper understanding of the Indian pangolin‘s foraging ecology in a specific habitat. Stomach content analysis revealed that a greater proportion of the pangolin diet consists of grit which was 96.13% of the average dry mass (DM%). Plant matter (pieces of twigs, leaf particles, stems and barks) was least present, which was 0.26% of the average dry mass percentage. The plant matter is likely to be ingested while praying on arboreal insect nests, insects living under barks, and decaying logs. Insect matter consisted of ants, termites, their body parts, and wings which were 1.84% of the average dry mass and insect eggs accounted for 2.83%. A total of 13 ant species belonging to 05 subfamilies and 02 termite species of the same subfamily were identified in the stomach contents. Insect species representing terranean, subterranean, semi-arboreal and arboreal habitats were found in the stomach content. Approximately 13.97% of the insect matter belonged to the species in the terranean foraging layer, while sub-terranean, semi-arboreal and arboreal species accounted for 19.53%, 64.58% and 1.59% respectively. Accordingly, it appears that Indian pangolin in the studied montane landscape predominantly feed on semi-arboreal insects. The study further provides detailed insights into the prey preference and foraging ecology of the Indian pangolin in the montane landscape.  \u0000Keywords: Indian pangolin, Stomach content, Foraging ecology, Prey preference ","PeriodicalId":205644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139963243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Release of Potassium Ions from Feldspar by Organic Acids Present in Potassium-Solubilizing Bacteria","authors":"Thashmantha M.A.D.S., Ratnatilleke A.A.L.","doi":"10.31357/fesympo.v27.7179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v27.7179","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural production and quality are determined by the nutrient levels in the soil. Permanent agricultural lands are usually nutrient deficient and it is compensated by fertilization. Recent studies have found that potassium-bearing chemical fertilizers caused some environmental issues and these fertilizers are expensive. Therefore, the development of a new method for supplying potassium to plants using ingredients found in Sri Lanka is important. In this respect, the bioconversion of feldspar using biotechnological processing to obtain potassium fertilizers is very promising. The overall objective of this study is to explore the release of potassium ions from feldspar (Microcline- KAlSi3O8) found in Sri Lanka by organic acids present in potassium-solubilizing bacteria to improve the efficiency of these minerals to use in more sustainable agricultural practices. In this research, the solubilization of feldspar with citric, oxalic, succinic, and tartaric acids (the main acids that are produced by potassium solubilizing bacteria) was studied, concerning the effect of acid type, the effect of each acid concentration, the effect of particle size of feldspar, the effect of incubation time, and the changes in pH over time. Ground feldspar (0.150–0.300 mm and 0.075– 0.150 mm) was separately shaken with 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 M of each organic acid for different periods (1, 2.5 and 4 hours) and the released potassium ion concentration was measured using a flame photometer and pH change was measured using a pH meter. The extent of solubilization of feldspar was shown to be influenced by the type of organic acid used. In comparison to inorganic acids (H2SO4), some organic acids were more successful in solubilizing feldspar. Both oxalic and tartaric acids showed a higher capability of releasing potassium from the feldspar than other acids by up to 9 folds. The solubilization was insignificant for the same acid when the acid concentration was changed. The solubility of feldspar in all acids increased as the particle size decreased. The solubilization of feldspar was increased practically in almost all acids as time increased. pH was increased in almost all acids when the reaction time was increased. These findings show that both oxalic and tartaric acids are the most successful acids in solubilizing feldspar. Finding bacteria that secrete these acids as their major byproducts and conditions that secrete these acids would be beneficial for agriculture and feldspar can be used to supply potassium to agricultural lands.  \u0000Keywords: Organic acids, Feldspar, Solubilization ","PeriodicalId":205644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139963247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light Spectral Regimes under a Closed and Dense Canopy: Evidence from Mesua ferrea Trees for Human Comfort in Urban Landscape Planning","authors":"Makuloluwa M.W.H.B.K., Dahanayaka P.D., Silva K.S.U.S., Indramali O.S., Makuloluwa M.W.L.B., Beneragama C.K.","doi":"10.31357/fesympo.v27.7147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v27.7147","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Trees play an important role in urban landscape planning due to their multi-faceted functions including the provision of human comfort through shade and cooling and air pollution abatement. Mesua ferrea is the national tree of Sri Lanka with multi-colored leaves and pyramidal dense canopy architecture, which can be promoted to grow in roadside gardens and parks to gain more attraction and attention. It is important to know how different trees provide human comfort under the canopy. In the present study, we measured the transmittance spectra in the 318-885 nm range using a high-resolution spectroradiometer under the canopy of selected Mesua ferrea trees on bright sunny days. The change in shade casting on the ground during the day was modeled. In addition, the temperature, CO2, and relative humidity were also measured. The light transmittance through the canopy is reduced when moving from the outer edge of the canopy (1,142 μW.cm-2.nm1) to the trunk-base (0.82 μW.cm-2.nm-1) on the horizontal plane. It was obvious that the irradiance received closer to the base of the tree is not sufficient to support the understory plant growth. The irradiance levels of blue (B: 400-500 nm), red (R: 650-680 nm), and far-red (FR: 700-885 nm) components of the transmittance spectra under the canopy were also found significantly low compared to sunlight, with significantly altered R:B, R:FR and B:FR ratios. Importantly, a 14 fold cut down in the UV radiation (318-400 nm) under the canopy beyond half of the canopy diameter towards the trunk was also observed. Under the canopy, there was a temperature reduction of about 1° C on bright sunny days perhaps due to the reduced irradiance and the altered spectrum, and the reduced CO2 concentration (by 5%). We identified that the Mesua trees are suitable for human comfort, and thus can be recommended for roadside planting and for public parks in urban landscape planning. \u0000Keywords: Shade caste, Radiation spectrum, Mesua ferrea, Landscape planning, Urban planning \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":205644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium","volume":"19 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139963426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of the Conservation of Natural Forests in Protecting Red Listed Medicinal Plant Terminalia arjuna in the Perspective of Indigenous System of Medicine","authors":"Shifka W.F., Muthalib A.M.","doi":"10.31357/fesympo.v27.7217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v27.7217","url":null,"abstract":"Sri Lanka the country which is rich in natural resources has a percentage of 29.9 (1,933,000 ha) covered by forest. In present the forests are being destroyed due to various reasons. Increased population leads to increased constructions and urbanization are some reasons of forest destructions. Indigenous system of medicine explains on the importance of various natural resources which are highly effective in treating multiple ailments especially, describes on many herbal plants. The study aims on the importance of red listed plant Terminalia arjuna which is being an extinct plant due to forest destruction. A systematic literature review has been carried out to gather information from Unani and Ayurveda classical texts, Pharmacopeias, ethno-botanical literatures, scientific journals, and web. Unauthentic articles and articles which did not match the theme and eligibility criteria were excluded. 39 articles were finally included for the study. The key words used in searching were T. arjuna, forest conservation, natural resources, red list plants in Sri Lanka, Indigenous medicine and therapeutic effects. Results revealed that T. arjuna belongs to the family Combretacea which is widely spread in mixed dry deciduous tropical forests of Sri Lanka. Various parts of this plant (specially the stem-bark) are very effective in treating cardiovascular complications such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, anginal pain and congestive heart failure. This plant contains tannin, the cardiac glycoside possessed from the bark and fruit is known to be an excellent cardiac tonic which is potent in strengthening the cardiac muscles, in improving the blood circulation of coronary artery and prevents the heart muscle from ischemic damage. Therefore, this study focuses on the importance of the conservation of forests and natural resources which are being helpful in the system of Indigenous medicine in various ways.  \u0000Keywords: Natural resources, Forest, Indigenous medicine, Terminalia arjuna, Cardiac tonic ","PeriodicalId":205644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139963726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Importance of Consuming Homemade Turmeric: A Case of Kandy District in Sri Lanka","authors":"Hewage R.G.S.M., Malkanthi S H P.","doi":"10.31357/fesympo.v27.6645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v27.6645","url":null,"abstract":"Turmeric or Curcuma longa L. is prized in Sri Lankan cuisine for its delicate flavor, distinct yellow color, and potent aroma. This great spice is highly praised in Ayurveda medicine for its anti- inflammatory properties as well. However, unlike the ancient time, cultivation of turmeric at household level at the recent past was not so significant and the country heavily relies on imported turmeric. Short-time after COVID 19 pandemic in the country, the government banned on non- essential imports including turmeric. Due to very high price and shortage of turmeric in the market and impact of black market of turmeric, while some people adopted to cultivate turmeric in small scale some people did it at large-scales. This study was conducted to study the present situation of consumption of homemade turmeric in Kandy district of the country and understand the economic importance of it. 150 turmeric cultivators were selected for the study. Data collection was conducted using questionnaire survey from June to August 2022. Data analyses were done using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. According to the results, it was discovered that after drying turmeric, convert into a powder and consumed by them. When economic importance are concerned, their average income was found as 11,095.238 rupees per season and average saving was found as 797.13 rupees per person per season. Also a positive relationship was found between consumption of homemade turmeric and its independent variables (family members, monthly income, interest for turmeric, and market price of turmeric) by the study. As a whole, the growers adopted to homemade turmeric as consumption of homemade turmeric is economically and hygienically very important. If there is a good market, most of the turmeric cultivators are willing to grow turmeric continuously. So, they expect proper knowledge related to do cultivation and processing of turmeric. It is very important to pay attention on this and provide proper training programs and good market price for turmeric, in order to enhance the turmeric production of the country in the future.  \u0000Keywords: Turmeric cultivation, Homemade Turmeric, Consumption, Economic importance ","PeriodicalId":205644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium","volume":"25 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Resources Usage for Two White-Leg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Farming Systems (Earthen Pond System and Round Tank System)","authors":"Darshika K.A.N., De Silva D.N., Subasinghe R., Pallewatta P.K.T.N.S.","doi":"10.31357/fesympo.v27.6664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v27.6664","url":null,"abstract":"Shrimp farming plays an important role in providing nutritious food and generating livelihoods for many millions of people worldwide. Asia is the biggest producer of shrimp contributing nearly 80% of the global shrimp aquaculture production. Black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) is the main brackish water aquaculture species in Sri Lanka before 2018. White-leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) was a new species that was introduced in 2018 expecting a rapid increase in production in the country. Shrimp farming is classified into several categories: extensive, semi-intensive, intensive, and super-intensive based on the intensity of management practices such as stocking density, supply of feed and fertilizer, and management of water qualities. The round tank system is round-shaped and is a type of lined pond that uses an impermeable geomembrane for the retention of water. It belongs to the super-intensive category. The earthen pond is a water body that is basically enclosed by the earth. It belongs to the intensive category. The purpose of this study was to assess the amounts of land, water, and energy required per ton of harvested shrimp in two different production systems and identify the most sustainable system that is used minimum natural resources. The round tank system is located in the Erukkalampiddy area in the Mannar district, Sri Lanka. The earthen pond system is located in the Maikkulama area in the Puttalam district, Sri Lanka. Data on water usage, electricity usage, land area usage, and weight of harvested shrimp were collected during two cycles of production from August 2021 to May 2022. The t-tests were performed to compare resource usages. Land usage of the earthen pond system (950.00 m2/t shrimp, 1266.67 m2/t shrimp) is significantly greater than the round tank system (190.77 m2/t shrimp, 139.33 m2/t shrimp). Water usage of the earthen pond system (950.00 m3/t shrimp, 1266.67 m3/t shrimp) is significantly greater than the round tank system (190.77 m3/t shrimp, 139.33 m3/t shrimp). Energy usage of the round tank system (473.84 kWh/t shrimp, 591.46 kWh/t shrimp) is significantly greater than the earthen pond system (119.91 kWh/t shrimp, 154.78 kWh/t shrimp). It concludes that less land and water resources and high energy usage are required for a round tank system compared to an earthen pond system. Although establishing a round tank system will need more capital, compared to that of an earthen pond system, it is evident that the round tanksystem is more environmentally sustainable.  \u0000Keywords: Shrimp farming, Round tank system, Earthen pond system, White-leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)","PeriodicalId":205644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}